人源性抗乳腺癌单链抗体库的筛选与初步鉴定

目的:本研究旨在已构建的大容量人源性抗乳腺癌噬菌体单链抗体库的基础上,筛选出高亲和力的特异性单链抗体(scFv)并对抗体基本特性进行初步鉴定。方法:以人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7为靶标,经过4轮淘洗,筛选出高亲和力的特异性抗乳腺癌scFv,并对其结构序列进行分析;通过ELISA和Western blot方法,鉴定scFv的亲和力和特异性,以及其蛋白的基本表达情况。结果:成功构建具有高亲和力的抗乳腺癌单链抗体库,获得scFv的长度约为750 bp,ELISA证实所得抗体对乳腺癌细胞具有良好的亲和力和高度的特异性,IPTG诱导表达及Western blot结果显示,scFv为相对分子质量(Mr)30 000的可溶性蛋白。结论:本研究在已构建的大容量抗乳腺癌单链抗体库的基础上,筛选获得了高亲和力的抗乳腺癌单链抗体库。研究结果为进一步获得可应用于临床诊断和治疗的乳腺癌靶向性抗体奠定了良好的基础。     

人噬菌体抗体库的构建及人源性bFGF抗体的筛选

目的选用含高效价碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)抗体的自身免疫病患者外周血淋巴细胞为材料,构建人噬菌体抗体库,并从中筛选抗bFGF抗体克隆。方法收集自身免疫病患者外周血,提取淋巴细胞总RNA后逆转录得到cDNA第一链,经PCR扩增重链Fd段和轻链基因,分别构建到噬菌粒载体pComb3中,将重组噬菌粒载体电转化大肠杆菌XL1Blue,以辅助噬菌体VCSM13超感染,构建人噬菌体抗体库。经过3轮固相筛选,获得能结合bFGF的抗体克隆,并用ELISA进行进一步鉴定及筛选,获得具有高亲和力的抗bFGF噬菌体抗体克隆。结果构建的人源噬菌体抗体库库容为2.5×107,经3轮筛选获得具有bFGF特异性的Fab噬菌体抗体克隆。结论构建了人噬菌体Fab抗体库,并能够从中筛选出与bFGF特异结合的抗体克隆,为bFGF抗体药物研究奠定基础。     

鸡源性免疫单链抗体库的构建与鉴定

目的:建立鸡源性免疫单链抗体库的构建方法。方法:根据鸡抗体基因结构特点,借助噬菌体展示技术原理,以免疫变形链球菌全菌抗原后的鸡脾脏B细胞为抗体基因来源,构建鸡源性免疫单链抗体库;采用固相淘选法筛选抗变形链球菌的噬菌体单链抗体(scFv),以此鉴定所构建的免疫单链抗体库。结果:从鸡脾脏总RNA中扩增出了鸡免疫球蛋白的轻、重链可变区的全部基因;得到了一个库容量为1·6×107的鸡免疫单链抗体库;筛选到了抗变形链球菌的噬菌体scFv,并测出了其DNA序列。结论:结合噬菌体抗体库技术原理与鸡抗体基因结构的特点,可以成功地构建鸡源性免疫单链抗体库。     

人源性噬菌体抗体库的构建和抗CEA抗体的筛选及表达

目的构建人源性噬菌体抗体库,筛选和表达人源性抗癌胚抗原(CEA)单克隆抗体。方法从结肠癌患者肠系膜淋巴结中的淋巴细胞克隆出免疫球蛋白Fd段和κ链基因,建成噬菌体抗体库。用人CEA对抗体库进行筛选,将得到的阳性克隆进行表达及检测。结果抗体库库容为5．2×106,Fab基因重组率为30％。ELISA及Western blot分析检测,证实表达出人源抗CEA单克隆抗体。DNA序列测定,证实所获基因为人免疫球蛋白可变区基因。结论成功构建噬菌体抗体库,从中获得人源性抗CEA的单克隆抗体。     

抗CD147人源单链抗体的筛选及生物特性初步鉴定

目的利用噬菌体展示技术筛选特异性抗CD147人源单链抗体(human anti-CD147 sc Fvs)并进行生物特性鉴定。方法以真核表达的CD147蛋白为抗原,采用"酸洗脱法"对库进行4轮富集性筛选、以ELISA法对筛选克隆的结合活性进行测定,以竞争ELISA和Western blot实验对获得的噬菌体抗体和可溶性sc Fv的特异性进行鉴定,通过DNA测序核实特异性sc Fvs的人源性及其亚群,以硫氰酸盐洗脱法对获得的抗体进行相对亲和力分析。结果经过4轮的富集性筛选,共筛出4个与CD147特异性结合的阳性克隆,其中3个获得可溶性表达,竞争抑制及Western blot实验证实其能与CD147特异性结合。DNA序列分析证实3个阳性克隆具有不同的基因型,三者的轻链可变区分别属于V_λⅠ、V_κⅡ、V_λⅢ亚群,重链可变区分别属于V_HⅠ、V_HⅢ、V_HⅢ亚群。硫氰酸盐洗脱法测出13号、15号和168号3个human anti-CD147 sc Fvs的亲和力分别为0.20 mol/L、0.35 mol/L和0.6 mol/L。结论成功从大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选到特异性human anti-CD147 sc Fvs,为进一步研究该抗体的功能及应用前景奠定了基础。     

人源性天然抗体库的构建及初步鉴定

目的 构建较大容量的人源性天然抗体库。方法 以未经铭疫的健康人外周血单个核细胞为基因来源，扩增多样性的Ｋ轻链基因和 ＩｇＧ／ＩｇＭ重链Ｆｄ段基因，分别构建铡库和重链库，然后组合为Ｆａｂ段面展示的噬菌体抗体库。通过多次重组积累达到理想的库容，对抗体库进行筛选和鉴定。结果 经过５次轻、重链基因的重组和转化，获得了库容为１×1０～９的人源性天然抗体库。该抗体库性能良好，用３种抗原进行“亲和吸附－洗脱－扩增”淘筛，获得针对其中两种抗原的７株特异性噬菌体抗体。结论天然抗体库为用于不经免疫制备人源性单克隆抗体创造了良好的条件。     

人源抗狂犬病毒单链抗体库的构建及体外亲和筛选

目的 :构建人源噬菌体展示单链抗体 (scFv)库 ,筛选抗狂犬病毒特异性、高亲和力的scFv。方法 :应用重组噬菌体抗体技术 ,从经狂犬病毒WISTARPM株疫苗免疫者的外周血淋巴细胞中 ,分离并构建scFv基因。将其克隆入噬粒载体pCANTAB 5E中 ,转化于大肠杆菌TG1,通过辅助噬菌体M13K0 7援救构建噬菌体单链抗体库。采用狂犬病毒Vero疫苗亲和富集法 ,淘选阳性重组噬菌体 ,经鉴定后对其进行序列分析。用竞争ELISA ,初步检测重组scFv的特异性抗原结合活性。结果 :成功地构建了库容量约为 7× 10 8抗狂犬病毒噬菌体scFv库 ,筛选到 1株新的抗狂犬病毒的scFv S12。结论 :噬菌体展示scFv库的成功构建及人源抗狂犬病毒特异性scFv的获得 ,为进一步研制抗狂犬病毒的高特异性、高亲和力的基因工程抗体奠定了基础     

去唾液酸糖蛋白受体H1亚单位的表达、纯化及其单链抗体的筛选与鉴定

目的去唾液酸糖蛋白受体(ASGPR)H1亚单位的重组、表达、纯化及其单链抗体的筛选与鉴定。方法将ASGPRH1亚单位糖识别区基因(CRDH1)定向克隆至原核表达载体pET-32c经IPTG诱导表达,表达产物用Ni2+螯合柱亲和纯化,免疫印迹技术(WB)检测;用纯化的CRDH1对人源噬菌体抗体库进行4轮固相筛选,阳性克隆用表达标记(Trx-His-stag)进行差异筛选。取阳性噬菌体C3感染宿主菌HB2151,37℃振荡培养过夜,终浓度为1mmol/L的IPTG诱导表达,12%SDS-PAGE与Westernblot鉴定以及免疫组化鉴定纯化的单链抗体C3与肝细胞结合的特性。结果CRDH1/pET-32c在原核系统经诱导表达出相对分子质量(Mr)约35×103大小的融合蛋白,以包涵体的形式存在;通过Ni2+亲和柱纯化获得CRDH1融合蛋白;经4轮筛选和差异筛选后,有2株可分泌性表达与CRDH1特异性结合的单链抗体,DNA序列分析表明单链抗体重链基因和轻链基因分别属于人免疫球蛋白VH3家族和VKI家族。噬菌体C3经诱导表达出Mr约28×103大小的融合蛋白,可溶性分泌表达于培养基中;通过Ni2+亲和柱纯化获得单链抗体,ELISA、Westernblot表明单链抗体C3能较好结合rCRDH1,免疫组化显示该单链抗体可与肝癌细胞、肝细胞特异结合。结论成功表达ASGPR并筛选出其人源单链抗体。该单链抗体可与表达的rCRDH1以及肝细胞和肝癌细胞特异性结合,提示对肝脏疾病的靶向治疗有潜在的应用价值。     

抗人肺癌单链抗体噬菌体库的构建及特异性单链抗体的鉴定

目的 构建人源噬菌体抗体库,并从中筛选出抗肺癌人源单链抗体。方法 提取肺癌患者癌旁淋巴结组织,通过RT-PCR扩增出重链可变区基因（VH）和轻链可变区基因（VL）,再经剪切-重叠-延伸PCR(SOE-PCR)将VH 和VL连接得到单链抗体（ScFv）。将双酶切后的ScFv基因片段克隆入噬菌体表达载体pCANTAB5E,得到初级噬菌体抗体库。以肺腺癌细胞株A549为抗原对抗体库进行4轮筛选富集,鉴定抗体库性能。将得到的阳性克隆用IPTG诱导表达并进行检测。结果 成功构建噬菌体单链抗体库。经筛选富集,噬菌体收获率得到增加,第4轮是第1轮的115倍。随机选取10个克隆,通过ELISA法检测到其中7个与A549细胞呈阳性反应,阳性率为70%。SDS-PAGE及ELISA检测证实得到人源抗肺癌单链抗体。结论 成功构建人源单链抗体噬菌体库,从中获得具有较高特异性的抗人肺癌单链抗体。     

抗人纤维蛋白噬菌体单链抗体库的构建和鉴定

目的应用噬菌体展示技术构建抗人纤维蛋白单链抗体(scFv)文库,筛选高亲和力抗人纤维蛋白scFv并进行鉴定。方法利用人纤维蛋白免疫小鼠,分别扩增小鼠VH和VL基因,经重叠延伸聚合酶链反应(PCR)将VH和VL基因拼接成scFv基因,SfiⅠ/NotⅠ双酶切克隆入pCANTAB 5E噬菌粒载体,转化E.coli TG1构建成库,采用人纤维蛋白原对抗体库进行负筛选,人纤维蛋白进行正筛选,酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)检测阳性克隆的抗原特异性并进行测序分析。结果构建了库容为8.7×106的抗人纤维蛋白scFv库,ELISA测定显示scFv具有较高的抗原特异性;抗人纤维蛋白scFv基因序列长732 bp,编码244个氨基酸,VH和VL基因均有明确的3个互补决定区和4个骨架区。结论成功构建了抗人纤维蛋白scFv文库,并筛选到高亲和力的抗人纤维蛋白scFv,为新型血栓显像剂的开发奠定了实验基础。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子骨诱导作用的研究进展

介绍碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对骨干细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞和血管形成的可能作用机理,及其与其它生长因子之间的相互作用。对碱性成纤维细胞生长因子骨诱导作用的研究进展进行综述。     

抗人大肠癌单链抗体的构建、表达及其体内外生物学活性的检测

目的 将抗人大肠癌单克隆抗体ND-1(mAb)的VR和VL基因进行重组，构建和表达ND－1scFv，并对其在体内外的生物学活性进行检测。采用RT－PCR技术，从能够分泌mAb ND-1的鼠杂交瘤细胞中扩增VH和RL基因，通过重叠延伸拼接PCR在VH和VL基因间引入连接短肽，体外构构建ND－1scFv基因，并在大肠杆菌中表达。采用间接免疫荧光（IFA）EY IF工IMPG-1scFv的免疫学活性。用^99Tc^m标记ND－1scFv后，将偶联物给予荷瘤裸鼠，观察其在动物体内的显像及生物学分布。结果 SDS－PAGEW显示，重组蛋白Mr为30000，同预期结果一致。IFA及ELISA检测表明，ND－1scFv保留了与亲本抗体相近的免疫学活性，对表达相应抗原的靶细胞具有行异结合活性。体内放射免疫实验显示，^99Tc^m-ND-1scFv在荷瘤小鼠体内的生物学分布，呈明显的肿瘤积聚趋向，注入体内1h血中T／NT即在2．61。结论 获得免疫学活性良好的ND－1scFv，对荷瘤动物体内肿瘤的定位快速，准确，可望成为有效的肿瘤诊断和治疗的导向载体。     

抗人CD33单链抗体的基因构建、表达及其生物活性检测

目的：构建及表达抗人CD33单链抗体（抗CD33-scFv）基因，并检测其生物活性。方法：采用RT—PCR方法从分泌抗人类白细胞表面分化抗原CD33单克隆抗体（mAb）的杂交瘤细胞中克隆出VL和VH可变区基因，再通过重叠延伸拼接（splice—overlap extension）PCR方法在VH和VL可变区基因之间引入柔性连接肽（Gly4Ser）3，体外构建抗人CD33-scFv基因。将其克隆至原核表达载体PET-28a（＋）并在大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）中表达。结果：SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析结果表明，抗CD33-scFv在Rosetta（DE3）菌中获得高效表达，重组蛋白的相对分子质量（Mr）为30000，表达产物以不溶性包涵体形式存在，经过溶解包涵体，镍柱亲和层析纯化和体外复性过程，获得了高纯度的scFv片段。流式细胞术（FCM）分析结果证实抗CD33-scFv可与人类白细胞表面的分化抗原CD33结合，保留了鼠源性mAb的与CD33结合的活性。结论：重组抗人CD33-scFv基因构建与表达成功，并且通过复性得到有生物活性的scFv，为下一步针对髓系恶性肿瘤的靶向治疗奠定了基础。     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in extramammary Paget disease

Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a special type of cancers. The etiology of the disease is still unclear. We aimed to study the expression differences of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in EMPD tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues. The mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR and the protein expression was explored by immunohistochemistry. Higher immunostaining signal scores of bFGF and VEGF in EMPD tissues had been found (z = -3.827, P < 0.001, z = -3.729, P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, the mRNA expression of bFGF and VEGF was higher in EMPD tissues, which had been validated by RT-PCR (t = 5.771, P < 0.001, t = 3.304, P = 0.004, respectively). The VEGF and bFGF might be the key signaling proteins in angiogenesis of EMPD. How to block the VEGF and bFGF in EMPD and to destroy the blood supply of the tumor cells becomes the focus of our future research.     

Coexpression of heparanase, basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in human esophageal carcinomas

Heparan sulfate (HS), which is degraded by heparanase, plays an important role in cell adhesion, insolubility of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and as a reservoir for various growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In the present study, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of heparanase, bFGF and VEGF, and evaluated the correlation between their expression and microvessel density (MVD) in human esophageal carcinomas. Heparanase, bFGF and VEGF were immunolocalized predominantly to the carcinoma cells, but they were also localized to the endothelial cells of microvessels near the carcinoma cell nests. In carcinomas with invasion of the muscular layer or adventitia, heparanase staining was stronger at the invasive areas of carcinomas than the intraepithelial spread. Expression of heparanase and bFGF and the degree of MVD were associated with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis and pathological stages. Cases with positive staining for heparanase, bFGF or VEGF tended to have a higher MVD than those without staining, and carcinomas with concomitant expression of heparanase, bFGF and VEGF showed the highest MVD. The level of heparanase mRNA expression was directly correlated with the MVD. In addition, heparanase-positive cases had a higher positive ratio of bFGF and VEGF compared with the heparanase-negative cases. These data suggest the possibility that heparanase may contribute to not only cancer cell invasion but also angiogenesis probably through degradation of HS in the ECM and release of bFGF and VEGF from the HS-containing ECM.     

抗汉坦病毒NP抗原细胞内抗体的瞬时表达及活性检测

目的 :在真核细胞中表达抗汉坦病毒NP抗原鼠源性单克隆抗体 (mAb) 1A8的scFv ,并检测表达产物的活性。方法 :将真核表达载体 1A8 scFv Cκ/pCI neo用脂质体转染COS 7细胞 ,用间接免疫荧光和免疫共沉淀法检测瞬时表达产物的免疫学活性。结果 :间接免疫荧光的结果表明 ,约 1%细胞胞质中出现弥散荧光 ,在免疫共沉淀 /免疫印记中 ,表达的抗体片段可与汉坦病毒的NP抗原特异性结合。结论 :细胞内表达的1A8 scFv Cκ可与NP抗原特异性结合 ,为进一步研究细胞内抗体的抗病毒功能奠定基础     

Production and characterization of a single chain variable fragment (scFv) against the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by certain fungi that infest cereal grains. A hybridoma cell line producing a monoclonal antibody (Mab) was used as the starting point in the development of a recombinant single chain variable fragment antibody (scFv) recognising DON. The scFv and Mab were characterised using two immunoassay formats: competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CD-ELISA) and biolayer interferometry (BLI). Using CD-ELISA the IC₅₀s for DON were 36.1 and 13.8 ng/ml for assays based on the scFv and Mab, respectively. The cross-reactivity to DON analogs was very similar for the scFv and the Mab. The real-time binding of the antibodies to an immobilised DON-protein conjugate was also monitored. In competitive BLI assays the IC₅₀s using the scFv and Mab were 68.3 and 15.8 ng/ml, respectively. The results suggest that sensitivity of assays, but not selectivity, was affected by removal of the constant regions of the Mab.     

The observation of angiogenin and basic fibroblast growth factor gene expression in human colonic adenocarcinomas,gastric adenocarcinomas,and hepatocellular carcinomas

Using digoxigenin-labelled, synthetic oligonucleotide probe cocktails of angiogenin and bFGF genes, the expression of the two genes was observed by in situ hybridization in ten colonic adenocarcinomas, seven gastric adenocarcinomas, and four hepatocellular carcinomas. The angiogenin gene was expressed in eight of the ten cases of colonic adenocarcinoma and in all of the four cases where dysplastic glands were found. Angiogenin expression was evident in four of the seven cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. bFGF expression was detected in only five of the seven gastric carcinoma cases. The mRNAs for angiogenin and bFGF were mainly cytoplasmic in distribution and were only occasionally seen in the nuclei of the positive cells. Neither the angiogenin gene mRNA nor the bFGF mRNA was expressed in the four cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. It is postulated that the angiogenin gene may play an important role in angiogenesis in colonic adenocarcinomas; in gastric cancers, both angiogenin and bFGF were involved in this process. For hepatocellular carcinomas, neither angiogenin nor bFGF production appeared to be related to angiogenesis.     

Monoclonal antibodies against human basic fibroblast growth factor

Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF) was used as an antigen to develop, by a somatic cell fusion technique, four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), that recognize the complete and amino-terminal truncated form of hbFGF. Isotype identification showed that MAbs designated MAb12 and MAb98 were IgG1; and those designated MAb52 and MAb78 were IgG2b. All these MAbs bound the complete form of hbFGF produced in E.coli. Competition with synthetic polypeptides, a replication of 1-9 aa and of 141-146 aa of hbFGF, and truncated forms of hbFGF by 13 and 40 amino acid residues in its amino-terminal produced in E. coli by recombinant technique, revealed at least two epitopes recognized by the four IgG type MAbs. MAb12 and MAb78 recognized the epitope located within the first 9 amino acid residues at the amino terminal of the complete hbFGF. MAb52 and MAb98 recognized the one located between the amino acid residue no. 14 and 40. None of MAbs bound bovine acidic FGF (aFGF). Using MAb52 or MAb98 and MAb78, a two-site EIA has been developed. This EIA is sensitive enough to detect 0.5 ng/ml of hbFGF. Furthermore, MAb78 was used as a ligand for affinity chromatography to purify hbFGF mutein CS4, which binds weakly to a heparin affinity column.     

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor dose on traumatic tympanic membrane perforation

Abstract

Objective: To compare the healing outcomes of higher and lower doses of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on human traumatic tympanic membrane perforation (TMP). Study design: Prospective clinical study. Methods: All patients with traumatic TMP were treated by direct application of bFGF, and were sequentially allocated into one of two groups: lower-dose group (2–3 drops of bFGF solution daily, approximately 0.1–0.15?mL) and higher-dose group (5–6 drops of bFGF solution daily, approximately 0.25–0.3?mL). The results of closure rate, closure time, and rate of otorrhea between the higher- and lower-dose groups were compared at 3 months. Results: In total, 126 patients were included in this study. The higher-dose group showed significantly improved purulent otorrhea rate compared with the lower-dose group (p?<?0.01) for perforations of the same size, although the closure rate of the middle-sized perforations did not differ significantly between higher- and lower-dose groups (p?>?0.05). However, the lower-dose group had a significantly shorter closure time of 5?d compared with the higher-dose group (p?<?0.05). In addition, although the lower-dose group showed shorter healing times (about 3?d) compared to the higher-dose group for large-sized perforations, the dosage of bFGF did not significantly affect the large-sized perforation closure rate (p?>?0.05) or closure time (p?>?0.05). Nine large-sized perforations with secondary purulent otorrhea achieved complete closure, with closure times of 7–25 (14.2?±?5.8) d. Conclusion: This study suggested that continued daily application of a lower dose of bFGF not only shortens the closure time of human traumatic TMP but also avoids secondary purulent otorrhea.