分裂样精神病与精神分裂症阴,阳性症状对比分析

分裂样精神病与精神分裂症阴、阳性症状对比分析大庆市第三医院（１６３７１２）于希洋侯兆香邵影关于分裂样精神病（简称ＳＦＰ，下同）的临床症状分析、研究，国内外已有许多报导，但其结果不一。本文就ＳＦＰ者的阴、阳性症状与精神分裂症作一比较分析，报告如下。１资...     

分裂样精神病与精神分裂症

分裂样精神病与精神分裂症四川省攀枝花市第三人民医院（６１７０６１）杜海英①王耀华戎建铁ＤＳＭ－ＩＶ和ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ诊断标准中，均把病程的长短作为区别分裂样精神病和精神分裂症的主要尺度，其科学性和正确性有待进一步验证，本文仅对我院收治的现已确诊为精神...     

精神分裂症与分裂样精神病前躯症状对照分析

为探讨精神分裂症和分裂样精神病前躯症状诊断价值,对80例首次诊断为分裂样精神病,复发后改诊为精神分裂症病人(SC组)与60例维持诊断分裂样精神病的病人(SCF组)的前躯症状进行了比较分析。结果显示：前躯症状的发生率,尤其是不恰当行为、性格改变、讲话离题、躲避亲人或与人疏远、敏感、多疑、怪异想法、无端恐惧、强迫症状等发生率SC组显高于SCF组。提示精神分裂症一分裂样精神病的前躯症状确有差异。     

分裂样精神病前驱症状的调查分析

本研究探讨前驱症状对分裂样精神病和精神分裂症的诊断价值。对３０例首次诊断分裂样精神病，复发后改诊为精神分裂症的病人（改诊组）与５０例维持诊断分裂样精神病的病人（维持组）的前驱症状进行比较分析。结果显示，前驱症状的发生率，尤其是不恰当行为，工作学习能力下降。孤僻退缩、讲话离题模糊，不寻常感觉，及怪异想法等的发生率在改诊组显著高于维持组，预示真正的分裂样精神病与精神分裂症的前驱症状有所差别。     

Schneider的“一级症状”与分裂样精神病

Ｓｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒ的“一级症状”与分裂样精神病安徽省芜湖市九龙第四人民医院（２４１００２）万承龙阳中明自德国精神病学家Ｓｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒ提出一级症状以来，大多数学者认为它对精神分裂症的诊断有重要意义，为验证在分裂样精神病中的诊断价值，作者对６２例分裂...     

98例分裂样精神病阴、阳性症状的对比分析

关于分裂样精神病（简称SFP）的临床研究,国内外已有诸多报道,但其结果不一。本文作者就SFP的阴、阳性症状与精神分裂症作一比较分析,报道如下： 1对象和方法 1．1对象为2003年6月～2005年6月我院出院病例中符合CCMD-3C SFP诊断标准138例,经2～4年的随访观察,维持SFP诊断98例,其中,男40例,女58例;年龄为17～40岁,平均（25．1±6．2）岁;     

分裂样精神病与首发精神分裂症临床特征比较

目的:比较分裂样精神病与首发精神分裂症的临床特征。方法:选取同期出院的分裂样精神病、首发精神分裂症患者各45例进行临床特征比较。结果:分裂样精神病与首发精神分裂症在思维贫乏、懒散、紧张恐惧和冲动破坏方面差异显著。结论:分裂样精神病与首发精神分裂症相比,某些症状有显著差异。     

分裂样精神病研究进展

1993年《上海精神医学》呼吁对分裂样精神病(SFP)进行研究,几年来国内许多学者从各个角度对SFP进行了探讨,不乏经典之作,现综述如下。 一、SFP重新认识 SFP的诊断归属按DSM—Ⅲ—R、ICD—9、CCMD—2等诊断标准都归入精神分裂症(Sch)的一个亚型,其区别SFP与Sch仅病程不同而已;然而近来研究SFP与Sch并非病     

对阴性症状和阳性症状认识的评价（四）：四,精神分裂症症状流变学

对阴性症状和阳性症状认识的评价（四）四、精神分裂症症状流变学金卫东，王高华对精神分裂症的多巴胺假说提出疑问之后，继而转向阴性症状等诸方面的研究，充分显示了阴性症状在生物学、遗传学、神经心理学等方面与阳性症状不同，甚至截然相反，由此引起了人们对这两组症...     

Premorbid adjustment and remission of positive symptoms in first-episode psychosis

The impact of premorbid social and intellectual functioning in childhood and early adolescence on the developmental course of schizophrenia is not sufficiently understood. In a retrospective case study (93 consecutive in-patients, 43 males and 50 females) of first-episode psychosis occurring in adolescence, the relationship between premorbid adjustment and short-term therapeutic outcome under treatment conditions was examined. All of the patients had a DSM-111-R diagnosis of schizophrenia (n=56) or schizoaffective disorder (n=37). The mean age of the patients at the time of the study was 15.8 (SD=1.0). Premorbid functioning during childhood and early adolescence was assessed by using the Cannon-Spoor et al. Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) and studied with respect to its prognostic relevance for short-term therapeutic outcome (eight weeks) under neuroleptic treatment (350–700 mg Chlorpromazin dose equivalent). Criteria for clinical outcome were obtained from the study by Pearlson et al. (1989) which defines three grades (complete remission, partial remission and no response), according to the degree of positive symptomatology. Statistical analysis was based on nonparametric variance analysis. Patients with complete remission of positive symptoms after eight weeks of therapy had experienced far better premorbid adjustment in early adolescence and in childhood. Diagnosis and gender did not bias this result. Our data suggest that premorbid social functioning is a crucial variable with regard to therapeutic outcome in first-episode psychosis. Previous studies have reported a relation between poor premorbid functioning and negative symptoms. We found premorbid adjustment related to the course of positive symptoms.     

Negative symptoms in first episode non-affective psychosis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of negative symptoms and to examine secondary sources of influence on negative symptoms and the role of specific negative symptoms in delay associated with seeking treatment in first episode non-affective psychosis. METHOD: One hundred and ten patients who met Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) criteria for a first episode of schizophrenia spectrum psychoses were rated for assessment of negative, positive, depressive and extrapyramidal symptoms, the premorbid adjustment scale and assessment of demographic and clinical characteristics including duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). RESULTS: Alogia/flat affect and avolition/anhedonia were strongly influenced by parkinsonian and depressive symptoms, respectively. A substantial proportion (26.8%) of patients showed at a least moderate level of negative symptoms not confounded by depression and Parkinsonism. DUP was related only to avolition/anhedonia while flat affect/alogia was related to male gender, diagnosis of schizophrenia, age of onset and the length of the prodrome. CONCLUSION: Negative symptoms that are independent of the influence of positive symptoms, depression and extra pyramidal symptoms (EPS) are present in a substantial proportion of first episode psychosis patients and delay in seeking treatment is associated mainly with avolition and anhedonia.     

The negative and positive self: a longitudinal study examining self-esteem, paranoia and negative symptoms in individuals with first-episode psychosis

Aim: Self‐esteem has been implicated in the development of psychotic phenomena, especially paranoia. Recent findings suggest that it may be useful to assess the instability of self‐esteem instead of the mean score. We examined this construct as two separate factors: positive beliefs about the self (PBS) and negative beliefs about the self (NBS). Theoretical models have implicated NBS in the development of paranoia, whereas research studies have sometimes found an association between PBS and negative symptoms. The first aim of this study was to investigate associations between change in PBS and NBS, and subsequent change in paranoia and negative symptoms. The second aim was to examine whether fluctuations in PBS and NBS predicted mean paranoia levels. Methods: Data from a large sample of individuals with first‐episode psychosis (n = 256) assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months and 18 months was analysed. Results: The data suggest that changes in both PBS and NBS in the early stages of disorder are related to change in negative symptoms, but not paranoia. PBS variability and NBS mean scores significantly predicted average paranoia levels when taken from across all four time points, suggesting potential differences in the associations with psychosis of these two constructs. Conclusion: Self‐esteem boosting interventions administered in the first 6 weeks after admission to healthcare services may improve the subsequent course of negative symptoms.     

Subjective experience of cognitive failures as possible risk factor for negative symptoms of psychosis in the general population

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether proneness to subjective cognitive failure (cognitive based mistakes) increases the risk for the development of symptoms of psychosis and to what degree any association was familial. Methods: At baseline, the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ) and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) questionnaire were administered in a general population sample of genetically related individuals (n = 755). Individuals scoring high (>75th percentile) or average on the CAPE (between 40th and 60th percentile) (n = 488) were reinterviewed with the CAPE and Structured Interview for Schizotypy—Revised (SIS-R) at follow-up (mean interval = 7.7 months, SD = 4.8 months). Results: Cross-trait, within-relative analysis showed a significant association between the CFQ and the negative dimension, assessed with both the CAPE and SIS-R, whereas no association was found between the CFQ and the positive dimension. Cross-trait, between-relative analyses showed no association between the CFQ in one relative and any of the dimensions of the subclinical psychosis phenotype in the other relative. Conclusion: Proneness to subjective cognitive failure possibly contributes to the development or persistence of negative symptoms and can be seen as potential risk factor for negative symptoms of psychosis. This overlap is due to individual effects rather than familial liability.     

Positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia

Negative and positive symptoms were determined for 46 drug-free patients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and/or Feighner criteria for schizophrenia. A modified version of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) was completed for each patient based on items from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) and other scales. Positive symptoms were scored from the SADS as well as from the following four diagnostic systems: RDC, Schneider's first-rank symptoms, the 12-point Flexible system, and Langfeldt's criteria for poor prognosis schizophrenia. For all patients, there was no correlation of negative symptoms and positive symptoms defined by any diagnostic system. Within the paranoid and undifferentiated subtypes, there was a positive correlation of positive and negative symptoms. Patients moving from stable to exacerbated states had an increase in both positive and negative symptoms, and patients with a poor history of treatment response had both more positive and more negative symptoms than responsive patients in a stable state. These results do not support the view that subgroups of patients have predominantly either negative or positive symptoms.     

阴性与阳性症状为主的精神分裂症患者执行功能的比较

目的:探讨以阴性或阳性症状为主的精神分裂症患者执行功能的特点。方法:采用威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)、Stroop色词测验(SCW)、空间广度测验、数字序列测验和伦敦塔测验分别对46例以阴性症状为主(阴性症状组)和46例以阳性症状为主(阳性症状组)的精神分裂症患者、以及46名健康者(对照组)进行执行功能测评。结果:阴性症状组和阳性症状组各项执行功能指标治疗前后差异无统计学意义,但两组的各项指标均明显差于对照组(P均0.01)。阴性症状组治疗前后WCST中的完成分类数、持续性错误数、随机错误数、数字序列测验的正序和倒序得分、SCW中的反应时(RTA、RTB、RTC)、干扰效应、以及空间广度测验和伦敦塔测验成绩均差于阳性症状组(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:精神分裂症患者执行功能缺损明显,尤以阴性症状为主的患者缺损更为明显。