甘蔗黄螟饲养方法的研究

本试验着重说明用甘蔗茎顶经高压消毒可以连续累代饲养甘蔗黄螟到第五代,从每雌蛾平均产卵数、受精卵数、雌雄蛾平均寿命、雌雄性比几个指标看来,未见有退化现象。用半人工合成饲料经高压灭菌可以饲养甘蔗黄螟,但从幼虫发育到蛹成活率明显比甘蔗茎顶低,幼虫发育延长12—18天,雄蛾明显增加,加进少量鲜蔗茎顶可提高幼虫到蛹的比率,表明蔗茎顶有刺激幼虫生长发育,蔗茎存在某种维生素,这可能是维生素C。人工饲养甘蔗黄螟必须保证每头虫有足够饲料才能获成功。     

奥硝唑对大鼠睾丸和附睾超微结构的影响

目的 考察奥硝唑(ORN)对雄性大鼠睾丸、附睾超微结构的影响.方法 选取健康成年雄鼠40只,随机分成正常组(1%CMC-Na溶液)、ORN低、中、高剂量组(100、400和800 mg·kg-1·d-1),连续灌胃给药20 d.于末次给药24 h后取材,常规电镜制片,透射电镜观察各组睾丸、附睾超微结构.结果 电镜观察显示:(1)低剂量组睾丸、附睾超微结构与正常对照组无明显差异;(2)中剂量组附睾主细胞内可见空泡;睾丸少数生精小管层次紊乱,线立体肿胀、嵴模糊,胞质中其它细胞器偶见肿胀、溶解、空泡化现象;(3)高剂量组附睾管壁主细胞含空泡,纤毛排列紊乱,附睾管腔可见大量异型精子及坏死细胞残留物.睾丸牛精小管细胞胞质含有大量空泡;变态完成的精子数目很少;生精管腔填满了坏死脱落的各种细胞;部分精子顶体膜破裂,尾部轴丝包膜水肿起皱.结论 奥硝唑中、高剂量能引起附睾、睾丸发生超微病理改变.病理改变的部位和程度与剂量相关.     

微波照射对家兔生精作用的影响

利用生殖细胞对温度敏感性强的这一生理特性,用温热来抑制雄性动物的生精作用,以寻求男性避孕的新方法,在国内外已有不少报导。我们应用微波的透热效应来抑制动物的生精作用。用国产微波理疗机作微波源,在未经麻醉的条件下,局部照射成年健康家兔的睾丸,使睾丸内温度升至42—43℃,维持10—15分钟。照射后定期分别作睾丸的组织学观察,精子密度的测定和自然交配作受孕率观察等。实验结果如下:1.受试动物睾丸经微波1—2次照射后,各级造精细胞受到不同程度的影响,其中精子细胞影响最明显,首先出现脱落,解体及融合等现象,到60天左右开始恢复,一般对成熟的精子,精原细胞影响则较差。照射后,间质细胞和支持细胞与对照组无明显差异。2.照射一周后,受试动物的精子密度显著下降,到60天左右仍维持很低水平(平均含精子数:0.217亿/毫升)。3.自然交配作受孕率观察中,照射后10天至60天左右,受试公兔绝大多数不能使成年缝康母兔受孕,以后受孕率逐渐增加。4.受试动物从接受微波照射时起,到恢复正常的整个实验过程中,始终保持健康的体况和正常的性欲。恢复生殖力后,所生育的后代,生长发育正常,未见畸形。综上所述,微波的透热效应,能显著地抑制家兔的生精作用,致使雄兔暂时失去生育能力,维持时间可达60天左右,以后逐渐恢复正常。本实验可为男性节育方法的进一步探索提供参考。     

醋酸铅对雄性恒河猴生殖功能的影响

连续45d给予成年雄性恒河猴ig醋酸铅5和15mg·kg~(-1),结果血铅等铅接触指标发生明显改变;精子形态异常增多,活力下降;精液和睾丸铅含量,睾丸和附睾组织γ—GT和唾液酸的含量均显著增加,而SDH含量明显减少(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)和顶体蛋白水平改变无显著性意义,但表现出剂量-反应关系;睾丸超微结构可见,早期精子细胞顶体泡扩大,缺少顶体颗粒,支持细胞膜呈指状镶嵌,而精子数目变化无显著性意义;血清促滤泡素,促黄体素和睾酮水平无明显改变,提示下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴激素分泌机制和睾丸内精子发生过程尚无明显障碍,但成熟精子机能完善阻滞,受精力低下。     

抗精抗体在精索静脉曲张所致不育中的作用

本实验检测了正常生育者和患有精索静脉曲张而导致不育者各20例,发现精索静脉曲张者组的免疫球蛋白含量显著高于正常生育组,而精子顶体完整率则显著低于正常生育组。这提示我们,精索静脉曲张导致不育的主要原因不仅是造成精子成熟障碍,更重要是造成睾丸损害的同时导致精子抗原外溢,与机体免疫系统发生反应而产生抗精抗体,在抗精抗体的作用下使精子活力降低,形态异常,顶体完整率降低从而寻致不育。     

寒冷复合电离辐射对大鼠脏器重量及精子数量的影响

为观察寒冷适应条件下大鼠受到电离辐射后脏器、体重及精子的变化,将40只大鼠随机分为4组:正常组、寒冷组、辐射组和寒冷复合辐射组。结果观察到寒冷组大鼠体重低于常温组,寒冷辐射组体重显著低于其它3组。辐射组睾丸重量显著低于非辐射组,寒冷组与寒冷辐射组之间无显著性差别。辐射组精子数量明显低于非辐射组。寒冷辐射组肺、心及肾的脏器系数高于其它3组,可能与脏器受累纤维化有关。结论:本实验条件下寒冷对中等剂量照射未发现有保护作用。     

丙烯腈对小鼠睾丸组织结构及精子质量的影响

目的探讨丙烯腈(acrylonitrile,ACN)对雄性小鼠睾丸组织的病理学损伤作用及超微结构的改变。方法将50只成年健康SPF级昆明种雄性小鼠,按体重随机分成阴性对照组(生理盐水0.01 ml/g),1.25、2.50和5.00 mg/kg ACN,连续腹腔注射5 d,1次/d;阳性对照组腹腔注射环磷酰胺(40 mg/kg)1次。于首日染毒后的第35天处死小鼠,取材,检测分析。结果 ACN各剂量组和阳性对照组精子密度和精子活率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),精子畸形率显著升高,且畸形精子构成都以无定型为主,无钩型次之。电子显微镜下可见睾丸支持细胞、间质细胞及精子细胞均有一定的变化,并且随着染毒剂量增加,其病变程度加重。结论 ACN能够诱导小鼠睾丸损伤,具有性腺毒性。     

雷公藤多甙与棉酚合用对雄大鼠生育力的影响

本研究探讨雷公藤多甙(GTW)与棉酚合用对雄大鼠生育力的影响。SD雄大鼠用棉酚及GTW各6 mg/kg/d,灌胃给药,每周6日,共11周。10只用药动物全部不育,附睾精子密度和活率也明显下降,而体重增长如常,性行为存在。睾丸光镜下结构绝大多数无明显异常,血清睾酮水平正常,副性腺重量无明显变化。停药6周后生育力恢复。在相同剂量下,单用GTW或棉酚均无抗生育效果。表明两药合用有相加作用,为减少棉酚和GTW副作用提供一条可能途径。     

睾丸间质细胞瘤一例

患者男性 ,32岁。因婚后 3年不育 ,以不育就诊收入院。临床检查 :第二性征无异常。阴茎、阴囊无异常发现 ,精索无增粗 ,双侧睾丸体积明显小于正常。精液常规检查示无精子。行右睾丸活检 ,病理诊断为睾丸间质细胞瘤。故行右睾丸切除和左睾丸活检术。病理检查 :(1)巨检 :切除睾丸约蚕豆大小 ,包膜完整 ,切面未见明显睾丸组织 ,纤维组织间见直径约 0 5ｃｍ大小浅黄色结节 ,周界清楚 ,质地中等。 (2 )镜检 :肿瘤细胞体积大 ,多边形 ,相嵌排列呈片状或团块状 ,部分瘤细胞胞质丰富呈嗜伊红色 ,或胞浆透亮 (图 1) ;部分瘤细胞胞质内可见脂褐素和嗜…     

男性不育无精子症患者血清生殖激素测定及意义

目的 评价血清生殖激素测定在不育无精子症诊断及判定睾丸功能损害程度的意义.方法 对104例男性不育及32例无精子症患者进行了血清生殖激素卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、催乳素(PRL)检测,并结合精液常规检查、睾丸容积测定以及睾丸活检进行分析.结果 睾丸性无精子症组的FSH含量明显高于正常组和梗阻性无精子症组,差异显著(P＜0.01);T/LH比值明显低于正常组和梗阻性无精子症组,差异显著(P＜0.01).双侧睾丸容积小于20 ml组的FSH含量明显高于双侧睾丸容积大于20 ml组,差异显著(P＜0.01),T/LH比值明显低于双侧睾丸容积大于20 ml组,差异显著(P＜0.01).结论 血清生殖激素测定对判定男性不育无精子症患者睾丸的损害程度及鉴别睾丸原发性与梗阻性无精子症具有重要作用.     

Sperm motion analysis in rats treated with adriamycin and its applicability to male reproductive toxicity studies

Adriamycin (ADR), an anticancer drug which induces testicular toxicity, was administrated to Slc:SD male rats at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg intravenously once a week for 4 weeks. The males treated with ADR were mated with untreated females, and sperm analyses (motion, count, and morphology) were performed. Sperm motion was analyzed by Hamilton-Thorne Sperm analyzer (HTM-IVOS) to investigate the useful parameters. Copulated females were necropsied at Day 13 of gestation, and reproductive status was evaluated. In ADR-treated groups, the testicular weight was dose-dependently decreased. Associated with this decrease was a depletion of the number of spermatogonia noted histopathologically at all dosage levels. Sperm morphological abnormalities, which were classified as tailless sperm and/or no-hook head sperm, were increased in both the 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg groups. The males treated with ADR at 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg had a decreased number of sperms per cauda epididymis. In sperm motion analysis, decreases in the percentage of motile sperm, percentage of progressive sperm, and sperm velocity (straight line velocity and curvilinear velocity) were noted at 2.0 mg/kg. Impaired fertility was noted at 2.0 mg/kg in the form of decreased numbers of implantations and live embryos, and an increased number of pre-implantation losses. In conclusion, ADR induced deterioration of sperm motion and sperm content, which were responsible for the adverse effect on male fertility. The most sensitive indicators to detect male reproductive toxicity induced by ADR were testicular weight and histopathological findings in the testis. Among the parameters generated by HTM-IVOS, the percentage of motile sperm, the percentage of progressive sperm, and sperm velocity are useful for assessing male fertility.     

Sperm abnormalities and histopathological changes in the testes in Crj:CD(SD)IGS rats

In this study, morphological examination and computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) of epididymal spermatozoa in non-treated Crj:CD(SD)IGS rats were performed, and the relationship between the data obtained and the retention of step 19 spermatids in Stage IX to XI seminiferous tubules was examined. Retention of step 19 spermatids in Stage IX to XI seminiferous tubules was observed in all 50 untreated males, and the incidence ranged from 3.3% to 100%. Eighteen animals showed a high incidence of retention (74.7 +/- 14.2%, HIR for short), and the others showed a low incidence (24.9 +/- 11.0%, LIR for short). Although the incidence of retention in Stage X and XI seminiferous tubules was very low in LIR males, it was high in HIR males (1.8 +/- 3.0% vs 58.6 +/- 23.2%). Morphological abnormalities of sperms in the caudal region of the epididymis, mainly amorphous head and no head, were more frequently observed in HIR males than in LIR males (36.2 +/- 28.5% vs 1.8 +/- 1.2%). Sperm analysis also revealed some differences between HIR and LIR males: sperm motility in HIR males was severely lower than that in LIR males, and sperm velocity, beat/cross frequency and amplitude of lateral head displacement in HIR males were lower than the corresponding values in LIR males. In summation, retention of step 19 spermatids frequently occurred in the non-treated Crj:CD(SD)IGS males, and a relationship between the retention of these spermatids and sperm abnormalities, such as morphologically abnormal sperms, low motility and other items revealed by sperm analysis (CASA), was suggested.     

Availability of sperm examination for male reproductive toxicities in rats treated with boric acid.

Sperm morphological examination, computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and histopathologic examination of the testis and epididymis were performed for male rats treated orally with boric acid for 3 weeks at dosage levels of 50, 150 and 500 mg/kg/day, and treated males were mated with untreated females. None of the males treated with 500 mg/kg/day could impregnate untreated females. The fertility index showed a tendency to decrease in males treated with 150 mg/kg/day. At necropsy, the pre-implantation loss rate in females mated with males treated with 150 mg/kg/day was higher than the control values. Upon epididymal sperm analysis using the CASA system, all parameters including the number of sperm and sperm motions were found to be affected in males treated with 500 mg/kg/day, and the number of sperm, percent motile, velocities and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) were affected in males treated with 150 mg/kg/day. Upon sperm morphological examination, head and tail abnormalities were observed in males treated with 150 and 500 mg/kg/day. In the histopathological examination, atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and multinucleated giant cells in the testes were observed in males treated with 500 mg/kg/day.     

(-)和(+)棉酚对雄大鼠生育力的影响

Racemic, (-) and (+) gossypol, provided by the Department of Organic Chemistry of our institute, was suspended in 2.5% tween 80 solution. Adult male Wistar rats 190～220 g in weight were allotted to 5 groups. Animals in group 1 received 2.5% tween 80 solution as control. Rats in group 2 were treated with racemic gossypol at the dosage of 30 mg/kg for 2 weeks. Animals in group 3 and 4 were given 15 mg/kg of (-) gossypol for 2 weeks and 30 mg/kg of (-) gossypol for 1 week respectively. Rats in group 5 were treated with (+) gossypol at the dosage of 30 mg/kg for 2 weeks.Four weeks from the beginning of gossypol treatment the rats were cohabited with adult females for 7 days. Then the motility of the sperms in the cauda epididymides was estimated The female rats were examined for pregnancy 7 days later.Treatment with (-) gossypol at 30 mg/kg caused significant decreases in body weight of the rats (P<0.05). One of the five rats died 7 days after the last administration, while (+) gossypol and racemic gossypol at the dosage employed had no effect on the body weight. (+) Gossypol at 30 mg/kg for 2 weeks had no effect on the motility of the sperms in the cauda epididymides and no effect on the fertility of the animals: nor was there any effect on the weights of the testis, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle. The sperms of the cauda epididymides were found to be dead in the groups treated with 15 and 30 mg/kg of (-)gossypol. Raccmic gossypol given for 2 weeks at 30 mg/kg caused loss of fertility of the male rats which confirmed our previous findings.(?)t may be postulated that (+) gossypol has no antifertility effect nor toxicity at the dosage employed. (-) Gossypol is the active stereoisomer of racemic gossypol.     

桑蚕蛹期卵巢移植及其生物学效应的研究

本文报导桑蚕在蛹期进行卵巢移植试验的成功,并调查了卵巢移入雄蛹后的生物学效应。明确了血液中卵黄原蛋白向卵巢移行的时期是在蛹期。试验表明:蛹龄2h的雌、雄蛹在低温抑制后进行移植为适宜;卵巢植入雄蛹后受体发育良好,羽化率达82.5％～100％;雄蛹内卵巢能形成成熟卵,但卵大小、重量和卵肉蛋白质、核酸含量以及卵超微结构发生了一些变化;用人工单性生殖方法处理雄蛹内的发育卵,得到14.2％～16.0％的成胚率,进一步研究可望获得后代。     

Study on producing rats with experimental testicular dysfunction and effects of mecobalamin

Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of mecobalamin (CH3-B12) on disorders of testicular function. Male rats received subcutaneously an injection of doxorubicin (ADR) three times a week for 3, 5 and 7 weeks. Thereafter, they were periodically sacrificed for the examination of cauda epididymal sperm profiles and the morphology of the testis. ADR treatment caused a decrease in sperm counts, sperm motility and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, and an increase in the percentage of abnormal sperms. These damaging effects depended on the dosage and period of treatment with ADR. Based on these findings, rats with testicular dysfunction induced by the treatment with ADR at a daily dose of 0.25 mg/kg, three times a week for 5 weeks were prepared to investigate the effects of CH3-B12 on oligozoospermia. CH3-B12 was given intraperitoneally to the oligozoospermic rats six times a week for 5 and 10 weeks. The results obtained indicated that 1,000 micrograms/kg of CH3-B12 caused a significant increase in both the sperm counts and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules. These results suggest that CH3-B12 is a candidate drug for oligozoospermia.     

In vitro effects of arecoline on sperm motility and cyclooxygenase-2 expression

Semen samples were obtained from 30 volunteers who had never consumed betel quid. Swim-up spermatozoa from the 30 seminal samples of non-betel quid chewers and also non-smokers, usually not exposed to passive smoking, were treated in vitro with arecoline at different concentrations to evaluate the action of these drugs on sperm motility. Highly motile sperms were collected and divided into 5 equal fractions. Four fractions were supplemented with various concentrations of arecoline and one as control. The study was carried out at time 0 and +1, +2, +3 and +4 hr of incubation. Sperm cells were also extracted and blotted with COX-2 antibody after arecoline treatment after 4 hr incubation. The sperm motility parameters, i.e., motility, average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity and linearity, were significantly decreased after arecoline treatment. In vitro, arecoline induces the COX-2 expression of sperm cells in a dose-dependent manner. This is the first report to demonstrate that arecoline may mediate COX-2 expression in human sperms, resulting in inflammation response. This situation may act on the structure responsible for the flagellar motion and cause the reduction of sperm motility.     

Non-mutagenicity of capsaicin in Albino mice

Capsaicin, the active principle of red pepper, administered intraperitoneally to adult male mice at doses of 0.4, 0.8 or 1.6 mg/kg body weight/day (1/20, 1/10 or 1/5 of the LD50) on five consecutive days, did not induce any clinical signs of toxicity. No significant alterations were observed in epididymal weights, caudal sperm counts, testicular weights or testicular histology. In the sperm morphology assay, sperms at 1, 3, 5 and 7 wk did not reveal any treatment-related increase in the incidence of sperm-head abnormalities. Capsaicin also failed to induce dominant-lethal mutations during an 8-wk sequential mating schedule of males treated at the highest dose.     

Maternal exposure to anti-androgenic compounds, vinclozolin, flutamide and procymidone, has no effects on spermatogenesis and DNA methylation in male rats of subsequent generations

To verify whether anti-androgens cause transgenerational effects on spermatogenesis and DNA methylation in rats, gravid Crl:CD(SD) female rats (4 or 5/group, gestational day (GD) 0 = day sperm detected) were intraperitoneally treated with anti-androgenic compounds, such as vinclozolin (100 mg/kg/day), procymidone (100 mg/kg/day), or flutamide (10 mg/kg/day), from GD 8 to GD 15. Testes were collected from F1 male pups at postnatal day (PND) 6 for DNA methylation analysis of the region (210 bp including 7 CpG sites) within the lysophospholipase gene by bisulfite DNA sequencing method. F0 and F1 males underwent the sperm analysis (count, motility and morphology), followed by DNA methylation analysis of the sperm. Remaining F1 males were cohabited with untreated-females to obtain F2 male pups for subsequent DNA methylation analysis of the testes at PND 6. These analyses showed no effects on spermatogenesis and fertility in F1 males of any treatment group. DNA methylation status in testes (F1 and F2 pups at PND 6) or sperms (F1 males at 13 weeks old) of the treatment groups were comparable to the control at all observation points, although DNA methylation rates in testes were slightly lower than those in sperm. In F0 males, no abnormalities in the spermatogenesis, fertility and DNA methylation status of sperm were observed. No transgenerational abnormalities of spermatogenesis and DNA methylation status caused by anti-androgenic compounds were observed.     

Absence of an effect of lead acetate on sperm morphology,sister chromatid exchanges or on micronuclei formation in rabbits

The influence of lead on sperm morphology, sister chromatid exchanges or on micronuclei formation was studied on male rabbits after exposure to doses of 0, 0.25, and 0.50 mg lead acetate/kg body weight subcutaneously injected three times a week during 14 weeks, each on a group of five rabbits. At the end of exposure phase the lead in blood concentrations of the three groups of rabbits were 0.32, 2.57, and 2.97 mol/l respectively. The results did not show any evidence of treatment related effects on sperm count or on morphologic abnormalities of the sperms, neither on the histopathology of the testis. Statistical analysis of the number of sister chromatid exchanges per metaphase in lymphocytes indicated no differences between the groups. Also no dose dependent effect was observed on the relative number of micronuclei in bone marrow erythrocytes. The different susceptibility to lead in different organ systems of the rabbits was discussed.