Delayed Effects of Surgery during Early Pregnancy on Brain Development in OXYS Rats

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - The aim of the present work was to study the effects of stress induced by surgical interventions in early pregnancy on neuron density in the prefrontal...     

Structural Reorganization of the Adrenal Cortex in OXYS Rats during Ontogeny

Study of the structural reorganization of the adrenal cortex in OXYS and Wistar rats during aging showed that age-associated reorganization of the adrenal cortex in these rats consisted in atrophy, particularly pronounced in OXYS rats. Age-specific changes in the architectonics of the organ were noted mainly in the zona glomeruloza and zona fasciculata. The vessel-parenchyma relationships play the key role in the spatial reorganization of the adrenal cortex in OXYS and Wistar rats. The volume density of the sinusoidal capillaries in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis increases during the late ontogeny, particularly so in Wistar rats, causing, in turn, an increase of the stroma/parenchyma volume proportion. Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 147, No. 1, pp. 102-107, January, 2009     

Dynamics of Structural and Functional Changes in Hepatocyte Mitochondria of Senescence-Accelerated OXYS Rats

Electron microscopy showed signs of degenerative dystrophic changes in hepatocytes and structural decompensation of mitochondria in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats in comparison with Wistar rats. These signs were detected in the presence of liver mitochondria dysfunction in OXYS rats: reduced oxygen consumption rate in all metabolic states, respiratory control volume, ADP/O ratio. transmembrane potential, and phosphorylation rate. The revealed disorders in mitochondrial structure and function are the key factors in the pathogenesis of accelerated aging in OXYS rats and visceropathies characteristic of these animals.     

2型糖尿病视网膜病变的视网膜光敏感度研究

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病并视网膜病变患者的视网膜光敏感度改变及其原因分析 .方法　采用国产APS -6 0 0 0B型全自动视野分析仪 ,分别对 80例 16 0眼 2型糖尿病并视网膜病变患者和对照组 80例 16 0眼进行 0°～ 90°视野视网膜光敏感度的定量检测并进行对比 .结果　糖尿病组的视网膜平均光敏感度有不同程度的下降 (p <0 .0 5 ) .结论　 2型糖尿病并视网膜病变患者的视网膜光敏感度是降低的 ,提示有光感受器的功能障碍     

Rpe65在2型糖尿病模型大鼠视网膜病变中的表达研究

目的检测2型糖尿病(T2DM)模型大鼠不同病程中色素上皮细胞特异蛋白65(Rpe65)在视网膜组织上的表达,探讨其在2型糖尿病视网膜病变过程中的作用。方法采用实时荧光定量多聚酶链反应(Real-TimePCR)技术,分析Rpe65在2型糖尿病大鼠不同病程视网膜组织上的表达。结果 Real-Time PCR结果显示,与对照组相比,Rpe65在实验组各期表达量降低,且随着周龄的增加表达越来越低,即4W时开始下降并延续至24W,差异具有统计学意义。结论 Rpe65表达的变化可能参与了2型糖尿病视模型大鼠网膜病变的发展,其表达与糖尿病的病程呈负相关性。     

2型糖尿病视网膜病变的视网膜光敏感度研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病并视网膜病变患者的视网膜光敏感度改变及其原因分析.方法采用国产APS-6000B型全自动视野分析仪,分别对80例160眼 2型糖尿病并视网膜病变患者和对照组80例160眼进行0°～90°视野视网膜光敏感度的定量检测并进行对比.结果糖尿病组的视网膜平均光敏感度有不同程度的下降(p<0.05).结论 2型糖尿病并视网膜病变患者的视网膜光敏感度是降低的,提示有光感受器的功能障碍.     

VEGF、bFGF在早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜的表达

应用免疫组化 ABC法观察生长因子 VEGF、b FGF在早期链脲佐菌素糖尿病大鼠视网膜的表达。结果如下 :随着病程进展 ,二者的表达呈逐渐增强趋势。病程 3月时 ,除了正常表达 VEGF的内核层及节细胞层部分细胞外 ,尚见血管阳性反应。6月时 ,阳性反应又出现于视杆内节和色素上皮细胞 ;b FGF于正常对照组只表达于外核层细胞 ,而糖尿病 3月组和 6月组阳性反应范围扩大至内核层和视网膜血管     

Mycoplasma fermentans MALP-2 Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Nrf2 Pathways To Modulate Cyclooxygenase 2 Expression in Human Monocytes

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation that confers cytoprotection against oxidative injury and performs a vital function in the maintenance of cell hemostasis. Increasing numbers of reports have indicated that mycoplasma-derived membrane lipoproteins/lipopeptides, such as macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2), function as agents that stimulate the immune system by producing various inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which play roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses during mycoplasma infection. Here, we report that MALP-2 induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression and upregulated HO-1 enzyme activity in THP-1 cells. Specific inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), SB203580, PD98059, and SP600125, significantly abolished HO-1 expression. In addition, MALP-2 also induced NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation, and the silencing of Nrf2 expression in THP-1 cells decreased the levels of MALP-2-mediated HO-1 expression. Furthermore, COX-2 protein expression levels were upregulated in THP-1 cells in response to MALP-2, and transfection with small interfering RNAs of HO-1 significantly increased COX-2 accumulation. These results demonstrate that MALP-2 induces HO-1 expression via MAPKs and Nrf2 pathways and, furthermore, that MALP-2-induced COX-2 expression was modulated by HO-1 in THP-1 cells.     

Effect of Epithalon on Age-Specific Changes in the Retina in Rats with Hereditary Pigmentary Dystrophy

The effect of peptide bioregulator Epithalon on the course of hereditary pigmentary retinal degeneration was studied in Campbell rats. Administration of epithalon starting from birth protected morphological structure, increased its bioelectrical activity, and improved its function.     

Dynamics of Structural Changes in the Retina during Long-Term Exposure to Bright Light

Exposure to high-intensity light led to pronounced destructive changes in the retina and focal loss of layers formed by neurosensory cells in rats. Photoinjury led to progressive decrease in the numerical density of nuclei in the outer nuclear layer (by 30% after 2 days, by 75% after 1 week, and more than by 90% after 2 weeks of exposure). After 30 days the photosensory layer completely disappeared, while the outer nuclear layer was presented by solitary nuclei of neurosensory cells.     

Changes in Behavior and the Expression of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Genes in the Brains of Adult Rats after Neonatal Administration of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - Many studies have shown that early experience, particularly of neonatal infections, has a role in forming high anxiety levels in later life. One of the...     

Changes in the Signal Value of a Conditioned Stimulus during Acquisition of a Conditioned Two-Way Avoidance Reflex in Rats

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

糖维胶囊对2型糖尿病大鼠视网膜缺氧诱导因子-1α和核因子-κB水平的影响

目的:分析糖维胶囊对2型糖尿病大鼠视网膜缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)和核因子-κB(NF-κB)水平的影响。方法:健康雄性SD大鼠45只,10只作为正常组(NC组),其余使用链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型(模型组),造模成功30只。成模后将模型组大鼠分为3个亚组,每组10只。糖尿病组(DM组)给予生理盐水灌胃,格列本脲治疗组(DM+G组)给予格列本脲20mg/kg灌胃,糖维胶囊治疗组(DM+T组)给予糖维胶囊150mg/kg灌胃治疗。连续灌胃4周后,取各组大鼠视网膜观察其病理改变并检测HIF-1α及NF-κB的mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果:显微镜下观察,NC组视网膜所有细胞层清晰整齐地排列,在DM组中,视网膜水肿,DM+G组病变较轻,DM+T组未见明显新生血管形成,视网膜水肿显著减弱,神经节层整齐排列。与NC组相比,DM组HIF-1α、NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达均明显上调(P0.05)。与DM组比较,DM+G组及DM+T组NF-κB mRNA及NF-κB、HIF-1α蛋白表达水平明显下降,且DM+T组NF-κB、HIF-1αmRNA和NF-κB蛋白下降较DM+G组更明显(P0.05)。结论:糖维胶囊能够影响HIF-1α、NF-κB因子表达,可明显改善大鼠2型糖尿病视网膜病变,为临床中西药联合治疗糖尿病提供一定依据。     

Parameters of Cell Immune Response in Wistar and OXYS Rats and Their Behavior in the Open Field Test

Comparative analysis of the state of the thymus, activity of cell component of the immune system, and open field behavior of Wistar and OXYS rats showed early involution of the thymus in OXYS rats. By morphological picture this involution corresponded to accidental involution and was paralleled by low level of delayed hypersensitivity reaction and by inhibition of motor and exploratory behavior.     

Moringa oleifera Extract Extenuates Echis ocellatus Venom-Induced Toxicities,Histopathological Impairments and Inflammation via Enhancement of Nrf2 Expression in Rats

Echis ocellatus snakebite causes more fatalities than all other African snake species combined. Moringa oleifera reportedly possesses an antivenom property. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of M. oleifera ethanol extract (MOE) against E. ocellatus venom (EOV) toxicities. Thirty male rats were grouped as follows (n = 5): Group 1 (normal control received saline), groups 2 to 6 were administered intraperitoneally, 0.22 mg/kg (LD50) of EOV. Group 2 was left untreated while group 3 to 6 were treated post-envenoming with 0.2 mL of polyvalent antivenom, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of MOE respectively. MOE significantly (p < 0.05) normalized the altered haematological indices and blood electrolytes profiles. MOE attenuated venom-induced cellular dysfunctions, characterized by a significant increase in NRF2, and concomitant downregulation of increased antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) activities in the serum and heart of the treated rats. MOE normalized the elevated TNF-α and IL-1β in serum and heart tissues. Furthermore, the IgG titre value was significantly (p < 0.5) higher in the envenomed untreated group compared to the MOE-treated groups. Hemorrhagic, hemolytic and coagulant activities of the venom were strongly inhibited by the MOE dose, dependently. Lesions noticed on tissues of vital organs of untreated rats were abolished by MOE. Our findings substantiate the effectiveness of MOE as a potential remedy against EOV toxicities.