不同氟浓度与老年人群骨折关系调查研究

目的 了解不同饮水氟浓度与老年人群骨折的关系。方法 选择6个不同的水氟浓度组(0．25mg／L-7．97mg／L)，采用整群抽样的方法，每个组抽取1500人左右，对≥50岁且居住于本地的人群进行骨折及有关情况的回顾性流行病学调查。结果 本次共调查8260人，共发生骨折531人，总骨折率为6．42％，男性骨折率(7．46％)高于女性(5．51％)，差异有显著性。低饮水氟和高饮水氟两组人群的骨折率高于正常饮水氟组的骨折率，差异有显著性，饮水氟浓度与接触人群的骨折率之间呈现U型曲线相关，饮水氟浓度与接触人群的自然骨折仍然呈现U型曲线分布。在髋部骨折病例中，饮水氟最高浓度组的髋部骨折率高于正常饮水氟浓度组。饮水氟正常组(1．00mg／L～1．06mg／L)的二次骨折率和二个部位骨折率低于其他饮水氟组。结论 低氟或超量摄氟都会增加骨折的危险，适宜的饮水氟有益于降低骨折的危险。     

饮水氟与人群龋齿关系的调查研究

为探讨不同饮水氟浓度，不同营养水平对人群龋齿的影响，分低水氟，适宜水氟和高水氟三个氟水平，每一氟水平又分正常低营养二组，共６个人群组，每组１２０人，平均年龄４６岁，调查计算了人群日总摄氟量，检查了冠面龋与根面龋。     

人群不同饮水氟浓度接触与血液生化电解质水平分析

研究６个不同饮水氟浓度、不同营养水平的７２０人的生化电解质水平,按同一方法、同一仪器由同一实验人员进行了１６项指标的分析,得出了准确度高、可比性强的数据。经统计分析,各组之间无显著性差异;按中国人群正常参考值衡量,均在正常范围之内。该结果表明,高饮水氟的饮用,过量氟摄入造成氟中毒的人群,未影响到血液生化电解质的水平变化,只有在低营养组人群碱性磷酸酶活性有随氟水平升高而升高的趋势。     

饮水型氟病区人体总摄氟量与发病关系的研究

通过对丹江口市饮水型型地氟病区两个村改水前后环境氟含量,人体总摄氟量及８－１２岁儿童氟玉牙发病率的调查与相关分析,发现改水后人群总摄氟量中食中氟所占比例约为４０％－５０％,总摄氟量与８－１２岁儿童氟斑牙率,氟斑牙指数,尿氟均呈正相关,总一比单纯水氟或粮食氟更能反映出人群总体氟水平。     

杞县饮水型地方性氟中毒病区饮水氟砷含量与井深关系的探讨

目的探讨杞县农村饮水型地方性氟中毒病区分散式供水水氟、水砷含量与井深的关系,寻找适宜氟砷含量的饮水层,为地方病防治提供基础资料和科学依据。方法采集杞县氟中毒病区饮用井水样,测定水中氟、砷的浓度,分析浓度分布特点以及水氟、水砷、水井深度三者之间的关系。结果杞县地方性氟中毒病区水井深度在66 m以内,水氟含量与饮水井深度之间呈正相关关系,相关系数为0.108。水砷浓度与饮水井深度呈负相关关系,相关系数为-0.170。水氟含量与水砷含量之间无相关关系。结论饮水型地方性氟中毒病区水氟、水砷含量与井深之间有密切关系。水氟含量随饮水井深度的增加而增高;水砷含量随饮水井深度的增加而降低;而水氟、水砷浓度间不具有相关性。杞县饮水型地方性氟中毒病区饮水应避开现用水层,选择地表水或深层地下水。     

饮水中钼、铜与地方性氟中毒的关系

本文对地方性氟中毒病区97份饮水和相邻非病区32份饮水进行调查分析，结果表明地方氟中毒与饮水中氟含量有密切相关外，微量元素钼听含量及它们之间的比例变化亦是发生本病不可忽视的因素，当水氟在2ppm以上，氟含量水平接近的地区，饮水中钼或钼、氟比值越高发病越轻，凡发病重的病区水钼或钼、氟比值均偏低，同时发现饮水中铜、钼的比值变化也影响本病，铜、钼比值高发病重，发病轻的地区铜、钼比值偏低。     

饮水含氟量与学生氟斑牙患病的关系

江苏省丰县属地方性氟中毒病区，致病的主要原因是水氟含量过高，平均超标率为59．50％，学生氟斑牙患病率高达69．61％。为探讨不同饮水含氟量与学生氟班牙之间的关系，我们于1995年10月进行了此项研究，现将结果报告如下。1调巴方法1．l将饮水含氟量不同的病区分层后，每层防机抽取1个点，共6个点进行学生氛班牙患病情况调查。每个调查点抽样不少于500入，此人数内的8～15岁的学生均是调查对象。将6个不同含氟量的点各自的氧斑牙患者，按三种类型及程度分开，并分别计算每型每度在总体中所占的比例，然后用相关和回归的方法对不同饮水含氟…     

陕北某县氟中毒病区饮水状况调查研究

目的：了解和掌握该县氟中毒病区的饮水现状,降氟改水工程的进度,积累科学资料。方法：调查组深入病区实地调查。结果：氟中毒重病区489人全部饮用高氟水;中等病区14 627人中56.43%的人饮用不安全水;轻病区10416人中48.02%的人饮用不安全水。结论：该县改水降氟的任务仍然十分艰巨,重视并加快降氟改水工程的建设是地氟病工作的重中之重。     

氟与骨折的关系研究进展

骨质疏松与骨折已成为５０岁以上壮年与老年人群的常见病，影响的因素很多。其中氟对骨质疏松、骨折的预防与治疗作用是研究的热眯。本就环境水氟与骨折的做一综述。     

唐山市小学生龋齿与饮水氟含量关系

摘要:目的　探讨唐山市小学生龋齿患病率与饮水氟含量之间的关系以及本地区预防龋齿的适宜水氟浓度。方法　随机抽取12所小学的2～5年级的学生（每年级抽取约50人）进行龋病调查,分别计算患龋率、龋均、患者龋均,并按饮水氟含量不同将学生分为不同的大小接触组,即≤0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1.0、1.1、＞1.1 mg/L 10个小接触组和≤0.3～0.6、0.7～0.9、1.0～1.1 mg/L 3个大接触组。结果　≤0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6 mg/L 4个小接触组患龋率（χ2＝2.103,P＞0.05）、龋均（F＝0.136,F＜F0.05,P＞0.05）、患者龋均（F＝0.079,F＜F0.05,P＞0.05）差异无统计学意义;0.7、0.8、0.9 mg/L 3个小接触组患龋率（χ2＝0.669,P＞0.05）、龋均（F＝0.143,F＜F0.05,P＞0.05）、患者龋均（F＝0.095,F＜F0.05,P＞0.05）差异无统计学意义;1.0、1.1 mg/L 2个小接触组患龋率（χ2＝-0.115,P＞0.05）、龋均（F＝0.187,F＜F0.05,P＞0.05）、患者龋均（F＝0.282,F＜F0.05,P＞0.05）差异无统计学意义;3个大接触组患龋率（χ2＝39.056,P＜0.05）、龋均（F＝26.208,F＞F0.05,P＜0.05）、患者龋均（F＝12.390,F＞F0.05,P＜0.05）差异有统计学意义。结论　唐山市小学生龋齿患病率、龋均等指标与饮水氟含量呈负相关关系,适宜水氟浓度因地区不同而不同,该地区适宜水氟浓度为0.7～1.1 mg/L,此浓度既能降低龋病的发生,又不引起氟牙症的流行。     

饮用水中微量放射性元素铀的含量

分析了江苏、浙江、上海饮用水和天然水源中微量放射性铀的含量，并与其它水源中的铀含量进行比较。结果证明，该地区饮用水和天然水源中铀含量在０．０８～０．６８μｇ／Ｌ，在正常的天然水源本底范围内，没受天然放射性核素污染。     

Acetaldehyde and alcohol levels in pregnant rats and their fetuses

Alcohol and acetaldehyde blood levels were measured in chronic alcoholic pregnant rats and their fetuses at 15, 19 and 21 days of gestation. Similar ethanol concentrations were found in fetal and maternal blood in all gestation periods studied, however levels in amniotic fluid were higher than in mother's blood, especially in the early stages of gestation. Acetaldehyde concentrations were always lower in fetal than in maternal blood although increasing throughout gestation. The levels in fetal blood and amniotic fluid compared to maternal blood, were ca. 40, 50 and 70% at 15, 19 and 21 days of gestation, respectively; those for the placenta and fetal tissues were lower, i.e., 25, 40 and 50%. Similar alcohol and acetaldehyde ratios (fetus/mother's concentration) were obtained when pregnant non-alcoholic rats were administered cyanamide and ethanol (2 g/kg) at 11, 15, 19 and 21 days of gestation. These results demonstrate that ethanol freely crosses the placental barrier, but there is a concentration gradient of acetaldehyde between mother and fetus which varies with gestation age.     

生长期缺锌对大鼠血清元素的影响

目的:研究膳食锌缺乏对生长期大鼠血清各种元素的影响。方法:刚断奶的SD大鼠,按体重相近配伍,随机分为3组,每组8只:缺锌组(ZD),配饲组(PF),对照组(ZA)。缺锌饲料、正常饲料含锌量分别为0.4mg/kg3、0 mg/kg,实验期15 d。用等离子电感耦合质谱仪(ICP—MS)测定大鼠血清元素锌、铁、铜、硒、锰、钴、铬、钙、镁、镉的含量。结果:缺锌组大鼠:血清铁(573.86±201.71μg/L)明显低于配饲组(1372.37±118.69μg/L)和正常组(1463.55±331.66μg/L)(P<0.05);血清锰(12.28±5.33μg/L)明显高于配饲组(4.24±0.73μg/L)和正常组(3.10±1.10μg/L)(P<0.05);血清铜(534.71±113.77μg/L)、硒(262.55±38.57μg/L)、镁(25.26±9.29μg/dl)低于正常组(铜725.91±158.27μg/L,硒465.90±132.18μg/L,镁39.84±14.10μg/dl)(P<0.05),与配饲组无明显差异(铜566.86±134.96μg/L,硒336.71±112.30μg/L,镁29.59±6.99μg/dl)(P>0.05);相比于配饲组与正常组,血清钙有下降趋势,但差异无显著性(P>0.05),血清钴、铬、镉有升高趋势,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:膳食锌缺乏影响生长期大鼠体内的微量元素水平。     

Effect of the herbicide glyphosate on enzymatic activity in pregnant rats and their fetuses

To prevent health risk from environmental chemicals, particularly for progeny, we have studied the effects of the herbicide glyphosate on several enzymes of pregnant rats. Glyphosate is an organophosphorated nonselective agrochemical widely used in many countries including Argentina and acts after the sprout in a systemic way. We have studied three cytosolic enzymes: isocitrate dehydrogenase-NADP dependent, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and malic dehydrogenase in liver, heart, and brain of pregnant Wistar rats. The treatment was administered during the 21 days of pregnancy, with 1 week as an acclimation period. The results suggest that maternal exposure to agrochemicals during pregnancy induces a variety of functional abnormalities in the specific activity of the enzymes in the studied organs of the pregnant rats and their fetuses.     

适宜、安全水氟浓度及总摄氟量的研究

调查了典型饮水型氟中毒流行区４个不同氟暴露水平地区的人群氟中毒和儿童龋齿患病率，并研究了它们与饮水氟浓度及总摄氟量的关系。提出了我国北方农村的适宜、安全饮水氟浓度分别为０．９５ｍｇ／Ｌ和１．２１ｍｇ／Ｌ；７～１５岁儿童适宜、安全总摄氟量为１．９ｍｇ和２．１ｍｇ／（人·日）；成人最大安全总摄氟量为３．４ｍｇ／（人·日）。该项研究还对饮水氟和总摄氟量造成的氟中毒的危险性进行了评价。     

生长期大鼠缺锌时股骨病理形态学的改变

目的　通过建立生长期缺锌大鼠模型以阐明锌缺乏对生长期儿童骨骼发育的影响 ,为儿童生长发育迟缓的防治提供理论依据。方法　刚断奶的雄性大鼠随机分为对照组 (ZA)、缺锌组 (ZD)、配饲组 (PF) 3组 ,每组 10只。喂养 15天后处死 ,取股骨称量重量及测量长度、直径 ,并做病理组织切片 ,观察股骨病理改变。结果　ZD组股骨长度 [(2 4 . 80± 0 . 4 2 )mm]明显低于PF组 [(2 6 . 70± 0 . 4 8)mm]及ZA组 [(2 7. 90± 0 . 32 )mm](P <0 . 0 1) ;ZD组股骨直径 [(2 . 0 9± 0 .0 9)mm]明显低于PF组 [(2 . 70± 0 . 0 8)mm]及ZA组 [(2 . 80± 0 . 0 8)mm](P <0 . 0 1) ;ZD组股骨重量 [(0 .5 1± 0 . 0 5 )g]明显低于PF组 [(0 . 6 5± 0 . 0 8) ]及ZA组 [(0 . 76± 0 . 10 )g](P<0 . 0 1)。缺锌组大鼠股骨骺生长板软骨细胞畸形、数量减少 ,骺端骨小梁纤细、疏松、排列紊乱、髓腔相对扩大 ,骨小梁体积显著减少 ,骨小梁板密度降低 ,骨小梁间隙增大。结论　生长期动物缺锌可导致骨骼的形态及病理发生改变而影响骨骼的生长发育。     

锌缺乏对大鼠骨骼矿化的影响

目的　探讨缺锌对大鼠骨骼矿化的影响。方法　将 30只Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为缺锌组、对照组和对喂组 ,每组 10只。缺锌组饲料锌含量为 3 9mg/kg ,对照组饲料锌含量为 2 4 7mg/kg,对喂组饲对照组饲料 ,饲料摄入量与缺锌组相同。运用骨组织形态计量学方法测量骨骼矿化相关指标、测定股骨矿物质含量、骨密度、骨中锌、钙、磷、镁、锰、铜元素和骨骼羟脯氨酸含量及血中甲状旁腺激素、降钙素和骨钙素含量。结果　缺锌组大鼠与对照组和对喂组相比 ,骨矿化沉积速率、股骨磷、锌、骨羟脯氨酸及血清降钙素、骨钙素含量显著降低 ,缺锌组相应指标分别为 :( 3 2 6± 0 34) μm/d、( 6 4 5 4± 2 34)g/kg、( 5 4 4± 9 5 )mg/kg、( 9 2 8± 1 6 2 )g/kg、( 41 2± 13 5 ) μg/L、( 82± 30 ) μg/L ;对照组分别为 :( 5 37± 0 5 3) μm/d、( 6 9 0 1± 4 0 5 )g/kg、( 117 4± 8 0 )mg/kg、( 11 31± 1 30 )g/kg、( 6 8 3± 14 4)μg/L、( 131± 46 ) μg/L ;对喂组分别为 :( 5 45± 0 30 ) μm/d、( 6 7 81± 3 5 6 )g/kg、( 10 6 7± 8 4)mg/kg、( 10 88± 1 47)g/kg、( 6 3 7± 12 0 ) μg/L、( 12 0± 5 2 ) μg/L。骨矿化延迟时间和骨基质成熟时间显著增加 ,缺锌组相应指标分别为 :( 1 0 8± 0 19)     

微波照射对小鼠骨组织中5种元素含量的影响

用频率 2 45 0MHz、功率密度 10mW cm2 的微波连续照射小鼠 12d ,每天 1 5h。微波照射后骨组织中Ca和Zn含量明显下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,Cu、Fe和Mn含量与正常组相比有下降的趋势。照射后分别给予复方中药力必多浸膏和复方阿胶浆 ,其受照小鼠的骨组织中Ca和Zn含量均升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且接近于正常水平。结论 :2 45 0MHz微波辐射影响了骨组织中微量元素的生物代谢过程 ,而复方中药力必多浸膏具有一定的抗微波辐射作用。     

Release of zinc from maternal tissues during zinc deficiency or simultaneous zinc and calcium deficiency in the pregnant rat

Earlier studies have shown that diets that increase tissue catabolism reduce the teratogenic effects of zinc deficiency. The hypothesis that zinc may be released from body tissues when the metabolic state is altered was further tested. Nonpregnant Sprague-Dawley females were injected with 65Zn; after equilibration, the two major pools of zinc, bone and muscle had different specific activities, muscle being much higher. Females were mated and fed diets adequate in zinc and calcium, deficient in zinc alone or deficient in both zinc and calcium. Calculations using weight loss, zinc content of maternal bone and muscle and total zinc content of the fetus at term indicated that most of the zinc in the fetus at term in both the zinc-deficient and zinc-calcium-deficient groups came from breakdown of maternal muscle in the last 3 d of pregnancy. The relatively small amount of additional zinc released from bone in the zinc-calcium-deficient rats early in pregnancy was sufficient to prevent abnormal organogenesis. Specific activity of zinc in the zinc-deficient and zinc-calcium-deficient fetuses was equal and high, indicating that most zinc in these fetuses came from maternal tissues and from the same maternal sources in both groups. In contrast, specific activity of zinc in the fetuses from rats fed adequate zinc and calcium was less than 30% of that in either of the deficient groups; this is consistent with the hypothesis that most zinc accrued by these fetuses came directly from the diet.     

Effects of zinc deficiency on the oxidation of retinol and ethanol in rats.

The zinc metalloenzyme alcohol dehydrogenase was assayed in subcellular fractions of liver and retina from zinc-deficient and control rats using retinol and ethanol as substrates. When the zinc concentrations of these tissues were reduced because of feeding inadequate dietary zinc, alcohol dehydrogenase was significantly lowered, and the retinol-retinal as well as the ethanol-ethyladehyde conversion was significantly reduced. While in older rats no changes occurred in liver zinc and alcohol dehydrogenase, the retina was more sensitive to the lack of dietary zinc than the liver. Young rats nursed by zinc-deficient dams showed the most severe changes in both tissues. The data suggest that zinc deficiency affects the utilization of vitamin A as well as the catabolism of ethanol.