部分板层角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜炎的初步报告

探讨部分板层角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜炎的手术适应证及临床效果。对临床上确诊为真菌性角膜炎的患者,先经常规的抗真菌治疗后,选择炎症难以控制病灶位于中浅层的患者共55例,用甘油冷冻保存的角膜供体行部分板层角膜移植术,对术中取下的病变角膜进行真菌培养,菌属鉴定及病理组织学特点观察,55例中51例治疗真菌感染,成功率为91％,随访6－18个月,植片全部透明,矫正视力为0．15－1．0;4例复发,复发率为9％,46例真菌培养阳性,经鉴定为镰菌属33例,曲霉菌属6例,念珠菌属3例,青霉菌1例,其他丝状菌属3例,50例病理切片PAS染色查见菌丝,49例菌丝均未超出病变角膜切片的深度和边缘,4例复发者中有一些菌丝已达角膜组织切片的全层,菌种为曲霉菌3例,镰刀菌1例,部分板层角膜移植术是对中浅层真菌性角膜炎具有治疗和复明意义的有效术式之一,对溃疡直径较大或偏中心的中浅层真菌性角膜炎可减少术后免疫排斥反应,因此更有临床应用价值。     

部分板层角膜移植治疗真菌性角膜炎

目的：探讨部分板层角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜炎的适应证及临床效果。方法：对临床确诊的23例（23只眼）中浅层真菌性角膜炎患者用新鲜尸眼角膜供体行部分板层角膜移植术。结果：23例患者22例治愈,21例植片透明,成功率91．3％,随访2－10个月,植片全部透明。矫正视力0．3－0．8,2例复发。结论：部分板层角膜移植术是治疗中浅层真菌性角膜炎的有效方法。     

深板层角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜溃疡

目的评价深板层角膜移植术治疗药物难以控制的真菌性角膜炎的手术时机及效果。方法临床确诊为真菌性角膜炎（病灶均非全层）86例（86眼）行深板层角膜移植术，观察术后复发率、角膜植片透明率及角膜植片免疫排斥反应等情况。结果86例中治愈80例，成功率为93．02％；随访观察6～24月，植片全部透明，矫正视力为0．2～0．6。6例复发，复发率为6．98％。结论深板层角膜移植术是一种对抗真菌药物治疗无效的真菌性角膜炎有效的术式，具有及时控制感染和复明的作用。     

甘油脱水保存板层角膜植片治疗真菌性角膜炎

目的探讨甘油脱水保存的板层角膜植片行板层角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜炎的临床疗效。方法对临床和实验室确诊的21例药物治疗无效的真菌性角膜炎采用甘油脱水保存的板层角膜植片施行板层角膜移植手术。术后随访3~12月,平均6.5月,比较手术前后视力,观察植片存活情况并进行临床效果分析。结果保存植片复水透明合格率100%。术后19例角膜植片保持透明,溃疡愈合。1例排斥反应,1例植片融解行穿透角膜移植,所有病例均无复发。总治愈率95.24%。结论甘油脱水方法保存板层角膜植片用于板层角膜移植治疗真菌性角膜炎方便、安全、可靠,是一种简单易行及成功率很高的有效方法。     

共焦显微镜指导深板层角膜移植治疗真菌性角膜炎临床观察

目的 评价共焦显微镜在临床指导深板层角膜移植治疗真菌性角膜炎的应用价值.方法 (1)观察2006年1月至2008年5月行深板层角膜移植治疗的真菌性角膜炎52例,所有患者术前均通过共焦显微镜全角膜扫描对真菌在角膜内的生长方式及浸润深度、范围作判断.(2)所有患者均行深板层角膜移植,术中植床板层剥离尽可能达到或接近后弹力层,角膜植片采用无水甘油冷冻保存角膜.(3)术后3、7、14、28d常规共焦显微镜观察角膜植片愈合情况及有无真菌感染复发.结果 52例患者术前共焦显微镜检查46例为真菌在角膜内水平生长,6例为真菌在角膜内斜型或垂直生长且局限于角膜的中浅层,术后真菌感染复发2例,术后3月最佳矫正视力≥0.3者46例占92%.结论 共焦显微镜对深板层角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜炎手术适应证的选择、预后判断及术后早期发现真菌感染复发具有重要的指导价值.     

板层角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜溃疡疗效分析

目的探讨板层角膜移植术治疗中、浅层真菌性角膜溃疡的手术适应证及临床疗效。方法67例（67眼）真菌性角膜溃疡经抗真菌药物治疗效果不满意者行板层角膜移植术,术后观察复发情况、角膜植片透明度及免疫排斥反应。结果术后随访6个月至2年,其中66例（66眼）术后有效控制了感染,植片透明,无排斥反应,术后视力提高至0.3-0.6。1眼真菌感染复发。结论板层角膜移植可有效治疗中、浅层真菌性角膜溃疡。     

羊膜移植联合羊膜覆盖治疗真菌性角膜炎分析

目的 探讨角膜清创联合羊膜移植羊膜覆盖治疗真菌性角膜炎的手术适应证的选择和临床效果.方法 2008年3月至2009年11月就诊的17例真菌性角膜炎患者,视力为FC/50cm～0.2,经角膜刮片法10%KOH溶液处理后查见菌丝,常规全身、局部抗真菌治疗3周至2个月后,患者病情迁延不愈,角膜涂片仍见菌丝.手术适应证为感染深度小于1/3角膜厚度,感染范围小于1/3角膜面积.手术方式:在局麻下行角膜清创,至角膜植床无明显感染迹象.溃疡面行羊膜小植片移植,角膜表面行羊膜大植片覆盖.术后结膜下注射0.2%氟康唑注射液0.5ml.结果 16例患者术后视力为0.5～1.0,感染得到控制.羊膜小植片与角膜融合,可见角膜组织内云翳形成.1例患者术后感染灶融解,改行板层角膜移植术后治愈.结论 角膜清创联合羊膜移植羊膜覆盖可以有效治疗药物难以治愈的表浅真菌性角膜炎.良好的手术适应证的选择不仅可以治愈真菌性角膜炎,而且可以获得良好的术后视力.真菌复发和角膜融解是手术后的危险因素.     

板层角膜切除术联合那他霉素治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的临床及病理研究

目的：研究板层角膜切除术联合那他霉素治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的临床疗效及组织病理学基础。方法：选取2009-12/2011-11真菌性角膜溃疡患者32例32眼,角膜病变未累及内皮层,行角膜板层切除联合那他霉素滴眼治疗,观察记录治疗前后视力、角膜情况、病程、并发症及致病菌种类,对切除组织行组织病理学检查。结果：治疗前视力≤0.05者20眼,～0.3者11眼,〉0.3者1眼。板层切除术后联合那他霉素治疗痊愈28例（87.5%）,治愈时间7～32（平均13.2±8.5）d,痊愈时视力≤0.05者5眼,～0.3者8眼,〉0.3者15眼。病情控制不良改行角膜移植术者4例。31例真菌培养阳性（96.9%）,其中镰刀菌18例,曲霉菌属8例,链格孢霉3例,未知菌属2例。病理学检查显示溃疡灶中有多量中性粒细胞浸润,过碘酸-希夫（PAS）染色显示角膜组织中菌丝多数位于角膜浅层,并呈与板层胶原纤维平行方向生长,但也有少数呈斜形或垂直生长方式,侵及切除组织全层。不同菌属之间菌丝在角膜中生长方式无明显差异。结论：对于病变未累及全层的真菌性角膜溃疡患者,及时行板层角膜切除术可大大提高那他霉素药物治疗有效性,缩短病程,恢复视力。     

深层板层角膜切除治疗真菌性角膜炎的效果

目的探讨深层板层角膜切除手术联合药物治疗真菌性角膜炎的临床疗效。方法对23例（23眼）直接镜检查到菌丝和／或孢子，确认为真菌性角膜炎者，尽早进行深层板层角膜切除联合抗真菌药物治疗。结果23例痊愈20例视力均有不同程度提高。复发1例、再次手术而治愈。结论真菌性角膜炎在无条件行角膜移植手术时，易尽早行深层板层角膜切除联合药物治疗。     

行大植片角膜移植的真菌性角膜炎患者病原学及临床特征分析

目的分析行大植片穿透性角膜移植的真菌性角膜炎患者的致病菌菌属、危险因素及临床特征,为临床严重真菌性角膜炎的诊断和治疗提供客观依据。方法回顾性系列病例研究。选取2005年1月至2013年12月在青岛眼科医院确诊为真菌性角膜炎并接受大直径角膜移植（植片直径 >9 mm）患者132例（132眼）,其中男82例,女50例。职业农民76例,工人10例,其他46例。统计感染的菌种、发病来院就诊时间、就诊时病变严重程度、感染的临床特征（包括伪足、卫星灶、内皮斑、苔被、前房积脓、溃疡面积）等情况,分别就菌属差异与临床特征差异的关系进行分析,应用χ²检验分析数据。结果感染菌种中镰刀菌属85例（64.4%）,曲霉菌属10例（7.6%）,其他菌属37例（28.0%）。132例患者发病至接受LDPK术的平均时间为（23.7±11.2）d。镰刀菌属感染前3位临床特征是伪足、前房积脓、卫星灶;曲霉菌属感染前三位临床特征使前房积脓、苔被、伪足。镰刀菌属和曲霉菌属感染角膜溃疡面积分别为（48.3±12.3）mm2和（44.8±20.2）mm2,镰刀菌属感染的29例患者溃疡累及全层角膜。结论镰刀菌属和曲霉菌属是常见致病真菌,可以引起严重的真菌感染。大量前房积脓出现是严重真菌感染的重要指标,对于药物控制不佳的患者及早选择角膜移植手术控制病情是积极的治疗策略。     

Lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of fungal keratitis.

PURPOSE: To determine the therapeutic value of lamellar keratoplasty (LKP) in the treatment of fungal keratitis not curable by antifungal chemotherapy. METHODS: Fifty-five patients, in whom a diagnosis of fungal keratitis was confirmed by microscopic analysis of corneal scrapings or confocal microscopy, and who were not cured by topical and oral antifungal medication, were given LKP. After LKP, topical antifungal treatment was continued for 2 weeks with gradual tapering of the drugs. The excised recipient lamella was used for microbial culture and histopathologic examination. RESULTS: Therapeutically beneficial results were achieved in 51 cases (92.7%) of the 55 LKPs that were performed. In these 51 cases, there was no recurrence of infection, and the resulting visual acuity ranged from 20/63 to 20/20. Patient follow-up ranged from 6 to 18 months. In four cases (7.3%), there was a recurrence of the fungal infection within 2 weeks of LKP. In these four patients, the infection was cured by performing a penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Forty-six of the recipient lamellae were culture positive for fungi. Thirty-three of these cultures were identified as Fusarium, six as Aspergillus, three as Candida, one as Penicillium species, and in the other three cases, unidentified septate hyphae were noted. In the four cases of recurrent infection, microbiologic culture revealed three cases with Fusarium species and one case with Aspergillus species. Histopathologic analysis of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained tissue sections of donor lamellae revealed fungal filaments in all samples. Immune reactions to the lamellar grafts were not observed and the donor lamellae remained clear for the duration of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Lamellar keratoplasty can be effective for treating fungal keratitis that is not cured by antifungal therapeutics. In addition, LKP can provide useful vision with few complications. Furthermore, corneal tissue used in LKP may be obtained more easily than healthy tissue used in PKP.     

真菌性角膜炎板层角膜移植术后复发的临床研究

目的 探讨板层角膜移植术(LKP)治疗真菌性角膜炎术后真菌复发的特点、诊疗方法及危险因素.方法 采用非随机回顾性系列病例研究.收集1998年1月至2005年7月在山东省眼科研究所青岛眼科医院经LKP治疗确诊的真菌性角膜炎患者218例(218只眼),术前详细询问病史,术中选用大于病灶0.5mm的环钻,采用深板层剖切,个别病例加以术中镜检,术后观察真菌的复发特点,对复发者进行药物与手术治疗,并比较在不同菌属和术前给予糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂治疗、以及有前房积脓或内皮斑等危险因素存在下行LKP术后的复发情况.结果 术后2周有17例(7.80%)真菌复发,其中15例在术后第1周;复发主要表现为局部刺激症状加重、植床中央或边缘出现菌丝浸润灶.17例复发病例均成功行穿透性角膜移植术(PKP)治愈.危险因素分析:曲霉菌属LKP术后复发率(19.23%)高于镰刀菌属(5.63%)(P=0.0323),术前应用糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂治疗的病例行LKP术后复发率(21.70%)较高(P=0.0219),术前前房积脓或内皮斑的病例LKP术后复发率(17.02%)较高(P=0.0134).结论 LKP治疗真菌性角膜炎的术后复发主要在术后1周内;曲霉菌属、术前经糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂治疗以及前房积脓或内皮斑等是其危险因素;术中灵活应用手术技巧等可能是降低复发率的有效途径.     

Treatment of fungal keratitis by penetrating keratoplasty

AIM: To study the use of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for the treatment of severe fungal keratitis that could not be cured by antifungal medication. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 108 cases of severe fungal keratitis in which PKP was performed served as the basis for this study. Fungal keratitis was diagnosed by KOH staining of corneal scrapings or by confocal microscopic imaging of the cornea. All patients received a combination of topical and oral antifungal medicines without steroids as the first course of therapy. Patients whose corneal infection was not cured or in whom the infection progressed during antifungal treatment were given a PKP. After surgery, the patients continued to receive antifungal therapy with gradual tapering of the dose over a 1-2 month period. Cyclosporine was used to prevent graft rejection beginning 2 weeks after PKP. Topical steroid only was administered to the patient whose donor graft was over 8.5 mm and with a heavy iris inflammation 2 weeks after PKP. The surgical specimens were used for microbiological evaluation and examined histopathologically. The patients were followed for 6-24 months after PKP. Graft rejection, clarity of the graft, visual acuity, and surgical complications were recorded. RESULTS: Corneal grafts in 86 eyes (79.6%) remained clear during follow up. There was no recurrence of fungal infection and the visual acuity ranged from 40/200 to 20/20. Complications in some patients included recurrent fungal infection in eight eyes (7.4%), corneal graft rejection in 32 eyes (29.6%), secondary glaucoma in two eyes (1.9%), and five eyes (4.6%) developed cataracts. 98 of 108 of the recipient corneas had PAS positive fungal hyphae in tissue sections; 97 of 108 were culture positive for various fungi, including Fusarium (63), Aspergillus (14), Candida (9), Penicillium (4), and seven cases in which septate hyphae were seen but identification of the organism was not conclusive. CONCLUSIONS: PKP is an effective treatment for fungal keratitis that does not respond to antifungal medication. Early surgical intervention before the disease becomes advanced is recommended. It is critical that the surgical procedure remove the infected tissue in its entirety in order to effect a cure.     

Amniotic membrane transplantation for persistent corneal ulcers and perforations in acute fungal keratitis

PURPOSE: To report the therapeutic effect and complications of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in acute fungal keratitis. METHODS: Diagnosis of fungal keratitis was confirmed by cultures in 23 eyes of 23 patients. The indications to perform AMT were to promote reepithelialization in non-healing ulcers or to prevent corneal perforation. Antifungal agents were administered throughout the whole course of hospitalization. Repeated cultures were performed immediately before AMT. The main outcome measurements were epithelial healing rate, necessity of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK), and persistence of infection. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up time of 20.6 months +/- 23.22 (6-65 months) AMT was performed during the active phase of the keratitis (fungal culture was still positive) in 16 patients (69.6%), and during the inactive phase (fungal culture negative) in 7 patients (30.4%). Single-layer AMT was performed in 17 patients, and double-layer AMT was performed in 6 patients with corneal perforation and anterior chamber collapse. Complete epithelialization was observed in 12 patients (75%) in the active group and in 7 patients (100%) in the inactive group. Treatment failure requiring TPK was experienced in 4 patients (25%) in the active group. Persistent fungal keratitis was noted in 2 patients (8.7%) in that group. The final visual acuity improved in 17 cases, worsened in 2 cases, and remained unchanged in 4 cases. Twelve of the 23 eyes (52.2%) in this study preserved useful vision (20/400 and better) with or without subsequent surgeries. CONCLUSION: AMT is effective in promoting epithelialization and preventing corneal perforations in acute fungal keratitis, and there is no risk of rejection. However, the risk of persistent or recurrent infection necessitates continued antifungal treatment and patient monitoring.     

43例真菌性角膜炎的诊断及药物治疗临床分析

的分析经药物治疗的真菌性角膜炎病例的早期诊断方法和治疗过程,探讨药物治疗的可行性。方法收集2004年1月至2005年12月在我院经药物治疗的真菌性角膜炎43例,采用角膜刮片镜检加真菌培养鉴定进行诊断,联合2-3种抗真菌药物治疗、根据病情调整用药并观察治疗过程。结果43例经药物治疗的真菌性角膜炎中,35例镜检发现菌丝,39例真菌培养阳性;抗真菌药物治疗疗程18d-56d,5d-7d开始显效,表现为溃疡开始愈合、上皮逐渐修复。全部病例治愈后无复发。结论角膜刮片镜检是早期诊断真菌性角膜炎的有效方法;对发病早期、病情较轻的患者联合抗真菌药物治疗可取得良好疗效。     

甘油冷冻保存角膜深板层移植治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的临床研究

目的探讨甘油冷冻保存的供体角膜行深板层角膜移植术治疗浅、中层真菌性角膜溃疡的手术适应证及临床效果。方法57例（57眼）经综合抗真菌措施治疗无效的浅、中层真菌性角膜溃疡施行深板层角膜移植术,随访8～24月,观察术后复发率、视力恢复、植片透明及并发症发生情况。结果57例中,52例治愈,成功率91.23%;5例复发,复发率8.77%。矫正视力0.1～0.2者20眼,0.3～0.5者24眼,〉0.5者13眼。17例出现新生血管;13例发生排斥反应,均得到有效控制。植片全部透明。结论使用甘油冷冻保存的角膜供体行深板层角膜移植术既能及时去除病变组织,达到治疗目的,又有一定的增视效果,对药物治疗无效的浅、中层真菌性角膜溃疡是有效的手术方式。     

角膜板栗刺异物伤15例的临床观察

目的：探讨目前角膜板栗刺异物伤有效治疗方法及影响病情进展的因素。方法：回顾性分析2014－07／2015－10武汉市同济医院眼科病房收治的角膜板栗刺异物伤患者15例15眼的临床资料,入院时未并发真菌性角膜炎的患者在剔除角膜板栗刺异物的同时均积极给予以那他霉素为主的抗真菌治疗,而对入院时已并发真菌性角膜炎的患者予以氟康唑溶液前房冲洗和角膜基质层注药,必要时予以羊膜移植术或角膜移植术,总结上述治疗方法的有效性及影响病情进展的因素。结果：入院时未并发角膜溃疡病例11例,入院时平均病程为1～7（2．42±2．15）d,入院时已并发真菌性角膜溃疡病例4例,入院时病程为3～30（18．25±4．35）d。其中并发角膜溃疡病例板栗刺数量平均为4．5根,并均有板栗刺穿透角膜进入前房;未发生角膜溃疡病例板栗刺数量平均为3．5根,而只有28．5％病例有板栗刺穿透角膜进入前房。经抗真菌治疗和相应手术治疗后,所有病例均被判定为治疗有效。结论：影响角膜板栗刺异物伤病情进展的因素可能有板栗刺的数量、板栗刺是否穿透角膜进入前房、就诊时病程的长短、是否积极进行抗真菌治疗等。对已并发真菌性角膜炎的病例积极予以抗真菌药物能有效控制真菌性角膜炎的进展,为进一步行羊膜移植或角膜移植术创造有利条件。