络丁新络活喜对原发性高血压左室肥厚的影响

目的　观察络丁新络活喜降压疗效及对原发性高血压 (EH)左室肥厚 (LVH )的影响。方法　将 85例EH并LVH随机分为两组 ,分别给予络丁新 (剂量 10mg ,qd或Bid) ,络活喜 (剂量 5mg ,qd或Bid) ,疗程 1年 ,于服药前和服药后 6、12个月测血压 ,同时用超声心动图观察左心室舒张末期内径 (LVDd) ,心室间隔舒张末期厚度 (IVST) ,左心室后壁舒张末期厚度 (PWT)及左心室重量指数 (LVMI)。结果　两种药均能有效降低EH患者收缩压及舒张压 (P <0 0 1) ,明显改善LVDd ,IVST ,PWT(P <0 0 1) ,LVMI(P <0 0 0 1)。结论　络丁新络活喜能有效控制血压 ,且对EH的LVH有逆转作用     

氯沙坦和氨氯地平逆转原发性高血压左心室肥厚的对比研究

目的 对比研究应用氯沙坦和氨氯地平逆转原发性高血压(EH)伴左心室肥厚(LVH)的作用。方法 将114例EH伴LVH的患者分为氯沙坦组(n=58)和氨氯地平组(n=56)，于服药前及服药后1．6个月分别测定左心室舒张未内经(LVDd)、舒张期室问隔厚度(LVSd)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWd)。左心室重量指数(LVMI)。结果 氯沙坦组LVDd、LVSd、LVPWd、LVMI明显下降，而在氨氯地平组则无变化。结论 氧沙坦能明显减轻左心室肥厚。     

富马酸比索洛尔与卡维地洛对原发性高血压病疗效以及逆转左心室肥厚的对比研究

摘要：目的 对比研究富马酸比索洛尔和卡维地洛治疗原发性高血压（EH）的疗效以及逆转左心室肥厚的作用。方法 将106 例EH伴左心室肥厚的患者随机分为富马酸比索洛尔组和卡维地洛组,于服药前及服药后3、6 及12个月分别监测患者血压、心率并测定左室舒张末内径(LVDT)、舒张期室间隔厚度( IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心排血量(CO)、A 峰/ E 峰比值(A/ E 比值)。结果 两组治疗前后比较LVEF、CO均无变化,而A/E比值则明显降低;左室重量指数(LVMI)、左室舒张末内径(LVDd)、IVST、LVPDWT在两组均显著性降低。同期比较,富马酸比索洛尔组上述指标与卡维地洛组比较差异均有显著性意义。结论 两者均能明显改善左室舒张功能,并能明显减轻左心室肥厚。但富马酸比索洛尔组比卡维地洛减轻LVH效果更强,并可以有效控制心率。     

缬沙坦逆转原发性高血压左心室肥厚临床观察

目的:观察缬沙坦逆转左心室肥厚的疗效。方法:60例原发性高血压（EH）并左心室肥厚（LVH）的患者均给予缬沙坦80～160mg,每日1次口服。治疗前,治疗后6个月、12个月记录血压,超声心动图测量左室舒张末期内径（LVDd）、舒张期左室后壁厚度（PWT）、舒张期室间隔厚度（IVST）,并计算左室重量指数（LVMI）。结果:治疗前,治疗后6个月、12个月LVMI分别为150±21.60,146±21.2,130±20.43;治疗12个月LVMI、LVDd、IVST、PWT均明显减小（P<0.01）,差异显著,且血压明显下降。结论:缬沙坦能有效逆转左心室肥厚。     

厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗原发性高血压伴左心室肥厚的疗效研究

目的观察厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪(安博诺)联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗原发性高血压(EH)伴左室肥厚(LVH)的疗效。方法选取2011年2月—2012年12月我院收治的EH伴LVH患者95例,将其随机分为对照组47例和治疗组48例。对照组常规服用安博诺治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用瑞舒伐他汀治疗,两组均治疗6个月。观察治疗前后两组舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST)、舒张末期左室后壁厚度(PWT)、舒张末期左室内径(LVDd)、左心室质量指数(LVMI)等的变化,并比较不良反应发生情况。结果治疗前两组LVDd、IVST、PWT、LVMI比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后治疗组LVDd、IVST、PWT、LVMI均低于对照组(P0.05)。对照组不良反应发生率为6.4%(3/47),治疗组为4.2%(2/48),两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论安博诺联合瑞舒伐他汀能有效逆转EH患者的LVH,改善左心室功能,较单一用药疗效显著。     

比索洛尔和乌拉地尔逆转原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚的对比研究

目的对比研究比索洛尔和乌拉地尔逆转原发性高血压(EH)患者左心室肥厚的作用。方法将76例EH伴左心室肥厚的患者随机分为比索洛尔组和乌拉地尔组,于服药前及服药后6、12及24个月分别测定左室舒张末内径(LVDT)、舒张期室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心排血量(CO)、A峰/E峰比值(A/E比值)。结果两组治疗前后比较LVEF、CO均无变化,而A/E比值则明显降低;左室重量指数(LVMI)、左室舒张末内径(LVDd)I、VST、LVPDWT在比索洛尔组明显下降,而在乌拉地尔组则无变化。结论比索洛尔和乌拉地尔均能明显改善左室舒张功能,且比索洛尔能明显减轻左心室肥厚。     

培哚普利治疗高血压患者左室舒张功能的疗效

目的:观察培哚普利对原发性高血压(EH)患者左心室舒张功能的影响。方法:采用自身对照开放试验方法,观察50例EH患者培哚普利治疗6月后,左心室舒张内径(LVDd)、舒张期室间隔厚度(IVST)、舒张末期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左心室重量指数(LVMI)、二尖瓣口E峰、A峰、A/E比值的变化。结果:50例EH患者治疗6个月后,IVST、LVPWT、LVMI明显下降(P<0.05),A峰、A/E比值亦明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:培哚普利在降压的同时,不但能逆转左心室肥厚,并且能有效改善左心室舒张功能。     

长期应用培哚普利和氨氯地平逆转原发性高血压左心室肥厚的对比研究

目的 :对比研究长期应用培哚普利和氨氯地平逆转原发性高血压 (EH)伴左心室肥厚 (L VH)的作用。　　方法 :将 114例 EH伴 L VH的患者分为培哚普利组 (n=5 8)和氨氯地平组 (n=5 6 ) ,于服药前及服药后 6、12、36个月分别测定左心室舒张末内径、舒张期室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度、左心室射血分数、心排血量、A/ E峰值。　　结果 :两组治疗前后比较左心室射血分数、心排血量均无变化 ,而 A/ E峰值则明显降低 ;左心室重量指数、左心室舒张末内径、舒张期室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度在培哚普利组明显下降 ,而在氨氯地平组则无变化。　　结论 :培哚普利和氨氯地平均能明显改善左心室舒张功能 ,但仅培哚普利能明显减轻左心室肥厚。     

坎地沙坦酯对高血压伴左心室肥厚患者心功能及血浆N-末端脑钠肽前体水平的影响研究

目的探讨坎地沙坦酯对高血压伴左心室肥厚(LVH)患者心功能及血浆N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平的影响。方法选取2011年2月—2015年2月子长县人民医院收治的高血压伴LVH患者176例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组85例和观察组91例。对照组患者给予依那普利联合卡维地洛治疗,观察组患者给予坎地沙坦酯联合卡维地洛治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后血压、心率、血浆NT-proBNP水平及超声心动图检查指标、左心室舒张功能分级。结果两组患者治疗前收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者治疗后SBP、DBP均低于对照组(P0.05),而两组患者治疗后心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者心排出量(CO)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张早期充盈峰(E)、左心室舒张晚期充盈峰(A)、E/A比值、E峰减速度(Edc)均高于对照组,等容舒张时间(IVRT)长于对照组,左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(PWT)、左心室质量(LVM)、左心室质量指数(LVMI)均小于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者左心室舒张功能分级优于对照组(u=3.21,P0.05)。两组患者治疗前血浆NT-proBNP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者治疗后血浆NT-proBNP水平低于对照组(P0.05)。结论坎地沙坦酯可有效降低高血压伴LVH患者血压及逆转LVH,改善左心室舒张功能,降低血浆NT-proBNP水平。     

氯沙坦对高血压左心室肥厚的逆转作用

目的 :评价氯沙坦对高血压左心室肥厚的逆转作用。方法 :对 5 2例高血压左心室肥厚的患者用氯沙坦 5 0～ 10 0 mg治疗 8～ 10周后进行观察。结果 :氯沙坦治疗后血压平均下降 2 9/12 mm Hg± 5 /3mm Hg,治疗后室间隔厚度 (IVST)、心室后壁厚度 (PWT)、左室重量指数 (L VMI)均有明显减少 (均为 P<0 .0 1) ,说明左室肥厚减轻 ,左室舒张功能得到改善。结论 :氯沙坦能有确切降压效果 ,并有逆转左室肥厚的作用     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.