房间隔缺损介入治疗封堵器选择的影响因素

目的 探讨房间隔缺损(ASD)介入治疗封堵器选择的影响因素.方法 1114例ASD患者,男388例,女726例,年龄2～75(26.3±17.0)岁.按14岁作为儿童与成人的划分点,成人组779例,平均年龄(34.4±13.5)岁;儿童组335例,平均年龄(7.3±3.9)岁.经胸超声心动图测量不同切面缺损大小及边缘长短,根据ASD最大直径选择封堵器,分析不同年龄、缺损形态和边缘大小时,选择封堵器的差别.结果 1114例ASD患者,成功封堵1085例,技术成功率为97.4%.1085例患者中,ASD最大直径为(19.7±7.8)mm,所选择的封堵器直径为(25.8±8.9)mm,封堵器与ASD最大直径差值为(6.1±3.4)mm,封堵器/最大直径为1.3∶1.成人和儿童组ASD大小相近,但成人组封堵器直径、封堵器加大值明显大于儿童组(P<0.05);封堵器/ASD最大直径成人组为1.2～1.8∶1,儿童组为1.1～1.6∶1.随着缺损直径的增大,成人组选择封堵器的加大值亦增加,但非成比例增加.儿童组随着缺损直径的增大,选择封堵器的加大值有增大的趋势,但差异无统计学意义.ASD的最大直径与封堵器的大小显著相关,成人和儿章组其相关系数分别为0.911和0.944(均P<0.01).以ASD最小直径/ASD最大直径的比例来描述缺损的形态,发现随着最小直径与最大直径比值的增大,各组间ASD最大直径或封堵器直径虽无差异,但封堵器加大值明显增大.主动脉侧无缘组选择的封堵器、封堵器加大值明显大于有缘组(均P<0.01).结论 介入治疗ASD,封堵器选择应以测量的ASD最大直径为主体,尚需参考年龄、缺损的形态及其边缘的状况适当增减.     

房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者应用Amplatzer伞封堵房缺后心房纤颤的电复律治疗

目的 :初步评价房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者应用 Am platzer伞封堵房间隔缺损后心房纤颤的电复律疗效。方法 :2例患者 （5 1～ 5 3岁 ）。在透视及食管超声心动图监视下经导管置入 Amplatzer伞封堵房间隔缺损。术后即时行超声心动图 ,术后 2 4h,和 1,3,6月 ,分别行经胸超声心动图评价房间隔缺损治疗效果。术后 6月行电复律。结果 :2例患者疗效均佳 ,房间隔未见残余分流 ,电复律成功 ,患者转为窦性心律 ,复律后无并发症及 Amplatzer伞移位。结论 :应用 Am platzer伞封堵房间隔缺损并发心房纤颤患者 ,电复律易成功 ,是一种安全有效的复律方法。     

Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损(附9例报告)

目的 应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损（ASD）并评价其疗效。方法 9例患者,男3例,女6例,年龄8～52（33.0±5.2）岁,体重22 kg以上。经临床、心电图、x线胸片和经超声心动图（TEE）检查诊断继发孔型ASD,导管法测定肺动脉收缩压24～46（24.4±5.5）mmHg（1mmHg=0.133 kPa）,经心内球囊测定法测定ASD直径11～30（23.3±6.2）mm。手术在X线透视和TEE监视下进行。用10F、11F或12F导管装载Amplatzer封堵器经皮穿刺插入封堵治疗ASD。术后24h、1、3、6个月行胸壁超声心动图和X线胸片评价效果。结果 手术全部获得成功,8例术后即时做TEE检查示ASD立即关闭,次日病人即能下床活动。1例有残余微量分流,1个月后仍然存在,6个月时分流消失。1例在术中发生脑栓塞,经及时用尿激酶溶栓治疗痊愈。结论 Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型ASD是一种有效的非手术治疗方法,具有安全、操作简便、成功率高的特点。     

The role of transesophageal echocardiography in transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects by the Amplatzer septal occluder

BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to determine the role of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the closure of atrial septal defects by the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) (AGA Medical, Golden Valley, Minn). METHODS: A total of 240 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) secundum were examined by transthoracic 2-dimensional echocardiography (TTE) and TEE to determine the ASD morphologic features, diameter, and rims. During transcatheter closure TEE was used for determination of the ASD diameter and guidance of the ASO implantation. RESULTS: Sixteen (6%) patients were found not suitable for transcatheter closure with TTE, 35 (14%) with TEE, and 2 during catheterization. Twenty-eight patients (18%) had partial or total deficiency of the posterior, inferoanterior, or inferoposterior rim, 54 (27%) had a centrally positioned ASD, 92 (46%) had insufficient superoanterior rim, and 9 had multiple ASDs, whereas 8 had a septal aneurysm associated with a single defect and 4 a multiperforated aneurysm. A total of 170 patients underwent implantation of ASO. The ASO was correctly positioned in 144 at the first attempt. In the remainder TEE revealed unstable position of the left atrial disk (12), opening of both atrial disks in the left atrium (5), deployment of the device through the smaller defect in patients with multiple ASDs (3), and, in 1 patient, the device was too small and had to be replaced by a larger one. CONCLUSIONS: Morphologic variations of the ASD are common. TEE is crucial for the determination of the ASD morphologic features, diameter, and rims, which are crucial for proper patient selection. TEE allows precise guiding and positioning of the ASO, which is essential for safe and effective transcatheter ASD closure.     

Steerable control of the eustachian valve during transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects.

Over the past decade there has been increased use of transcatheter devices for closure of secundum atrial septal defects. The presence of a large eustachian valve complicating transcatheter closure has not been described. We describe four patients with prominent eustachian valves, in three of whom we employed a simple technique to obtain control of the eustachian valve during device placement using transesophageal echo guidance.     

Predictors of atrial arrhythmias after device closure of secundum type atrial septal defects in adults

Atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs) contribute substantially to morbidity in adult patients with secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs). The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the incidence of AT in adults with an ASD and identify predictors of AT occurrence after closure. This was a prospective study of 200 adult patients undergoing closure of a secundum ASD. Arrhythmic events were defined as sustained or symptomatic AT requiring treatment. Twenty percent of patients (mean age 50 +/- 17 years; 26% men) referred for ASD closure had a history of AT. Early follow-up was available for 90% of patients, and the prevalence of AT was 17%. Of 171 patients with late follow-up (mean 1.9 +/- 0.9 years), data were available for 90%. AT was detected in 16% of these patients. Closure resulted in alleviation of symptoms (p <0.001), but symptoms alone did not identify patients at risk of recurrent AT. After closure of the ASD, the likelihood of remaining arrhythmia free was highest in patients without a history of AT (p = 0.001) and those <40 years at closure (p = 0.04). In conclusion, transcatheter ASD closure in patients without a history of arrhythmias and those <40 years of age conferred the highest likelihood of a patient remaining arrhythmia free in follow-up. An arrhythmia-specific treatment strategy should be considered for patients with documented established AT before ASD closure, in addition to shunt relief.     

Complications of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects

Transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defects has proved to be remarkably successful, and is usually preferred by both patients and parents. But how does it compare with the gold standard of surgical closure?     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损疗效评价

目的 :评价经导管置入 Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损 （ ASD）的治疗效果。方法 :全组 67例 ,年龄 2～ 5 9（ 2 9土 15 ）岁 ,术前经食管超声心动图 （ TEE）检查示 ASD直径 5～ 3 4 （ 2 2土 7） mm。所有病例均在透视及TEE监视下经导管置入 Am platzer封堵器封堵 ASD。 3例有大小紧邻的两个房间隔缺损存在 ,采用较大封堵器 ,一并封堵两个缺损。术后 2 4 h,1～ 3月及 1年分别行经胸超声心动图 （ TTE）、心电图及 X线检查评价治疗效果。结果 :67例 ASD直径的球囊测量值为 7～ 3 6（ 2 2土 7） m m,选择的封堵器直径为 7～ 3 8（ 2 4土 10 ） m m。 67例封堵器置入后均获得成功 ,技术成功率为 10 0 % ,术中未发生任何重要并发症 ,无急诊手术病例。术后即刻 ,TEE或 TTE显示 7例 （ 10 % ）存在微量至少量残余分流。术后 2 4 h TTE显示 4例 （ 6% ）存在微量至少量残余分流。术后 1～ 3月TTE示仅 1例 （ 2 % ）多发 ASD存在少量分流。X线检查全部显示肺血减少 ,右心房、右心室缩小。结论 :经导管置入 Amplatzer封堵器治疗 ASD是一种有效的非手术方法 ,具有操作简便、安全、技术成功率高及封堵效果好等优点 ,适合于各年龄组继发孔型 ASD的介入治疗     

房间隔缺损患者经导管堵闭术后早期心电图变化及意义

目的 了解经导管房间隔缺损(ASD)堵闭术治疗ASD患者手术前、后的ECG变化。方法 对比研究了24例经导管ASD堵闭术患者堵闭术前及术后24小时12导联ECG变化，并进行随诊。ECG指标包括心率(HR)、P—R间期、QRS时限、Ⅱ导联P波振幅(Pt)、Rv1 Sv5等，并观察QRSv1形态及有无心律失常。结果Asr)堵闭术后P—R间期缩短明显，HR、QRS时限、P。及Rv。 Sv。等指标术后24小时无明显变化，术后均未发生严重心律失常。结论 经导管ASD堵闭术安全有效，术后P—R间期缩短提示患者右心容量负荷减轻。     

Global and regional left ventricular function in patients undergoing transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect

This study sought to evaluate global and regional left ventricular (LV) function before and early after device closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) in patients with normal pulmonary pressure. Global LV diastolic function was unaffected by ASD closure. An improvement in global LV systolic function at rest resulted in an increase in stroke volume at rest. Nevertheless, total cardiac output did not change after the procedure, because of a decrease in heart rate at rest counterbalancing the increase in stroke volume. Thus, lateral and inferior LV regional systolic function were preserved after device implantation. Moreover, no changes in regional LV diastolic function were highlighted during the study.     

Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗多孔房间隔缺损

目的 :探讨 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗多孔房间隔缺损的临床应用价值。方法 :全组患者 6（男 2 ,女 4）例 ,年龄 4～ 5 0岁 ,经 TTE或 TEE检查诊断为多孔房间隔缺损。均在 X线和 TTE或 TEE监测下经导管行 Amplatzer封堵器治疗。术后重复 TTE或 TEE、ECG及 X线平片检查以评价疗效。结果 :全组 6例患者 Amplatzer封堵器置入均获成功 ,术中无重要并发症发生。其中置入 1个封堵器的患者 5例 ,置入 2个封堵器的患者 1例。术后即刻TTE或 TEE检查 5例无残余分流 ,1例小缺损孔有少量残余分流 ,随访 1年中少量残余分流仍存在。1例肺动脉压中度增高患者 ,术后 3 0 min测量肺动脉压下降 >2 0 mm Hg。随访期间所有患者封堵器位置形态良好 ,未发现封堵器的变形 ,移位以及金属结构断裂等改变 ;右房 ,右室有不同程度的缩小 ,X线平片显示肺血有不同程度减少 ;术后ECG检查均未见心律失常发生。结论 :Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗多孔房间隔缺损是安全有效的。对于相隔距离较近的多孔房间隔缺损 ,可采用单个封堵器封堵 ;而相隔距离较远的缺损 ,可采用同时置入两个封堵器     

Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects with complex anatomy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects (ASD) in patients with complex anatomy. From September 1997 to July 2003, a total of 40 patients (median age, 34 years; 65% female) with complex ASDs, defined as the presence of a large defect (stretched diameter >26 mm) associated with a deficient rim (n=23); multiple defects (n=8); a multi-fenestrated septum (n=5); and defects associated with an aneurysmal septum irrespective of their size (n=4) underwent closure. The Helex device was used in 4 patients and the Amplatzer in the remaining. Two devices were implanted in 2 patients each. Implantation was unsuccessful in 5 patients, with 4 having large defects associated with a deficient anterior rim and a floppy posterior septum. Occlusion was observed in 22 of 35 patients (63%) immediately after implantation and in 31 (89%) at a mean follow-up of 18+/-9 months. No major complications occurred. Right ventricular end-diastolic dimensions (indexed for body surface area) decreased from 135+/-25% before closure to 124+/-15% 24 hours after closure, and to 92+/-12% after 12 months. Two patients with 2 distant defects and 2 patients with large defects remained with shunts (<4 mm) at the latest visit. Transcatheter closure of complex secundum ASDs was feasible, safe and effective; however, large defects associated with a deficient anterior rim and a floppy posterior septum may not be suitable for this approach.     

房间隔缺损封堵术后心功能的变化

目的 评价左、右室功能及左房收缩功能在房间隔缺损（ASD）封堵治疗术后及随访中的变化。方法 对成功施行经皮穿刺ASD封堵术的20例患进行研究。所有患于封堵治疗术前、术后及术后3个月行超声心动图检查,左、右室容积采用单平面面积-长度法计算,以左室晚期充盈数作为反映左房收缩功能的指标。结果 ASD填充堵治疗术后,左室舒张末期前后径及及左室舒张末期容积增大,而左室收缩末期容积则未见明显改变,左室每搏量、左室射血分数及短轴缩短率增大。左客观存在偏心率及长径/短径比值均较术前缩小,左室前负荷、收缩功能及几何构型在随访中持续改善。ASD封 堵治疗术后右室舒张末期前后径、右室舒张末期容积、右室收缩末期容积、右室每搏量及右室射血分数（RVEF）均减小;随访中上述指标除RVEF外均进一步减小,而RVEF未见显改变,置入封堵器后及随访左室晚期充盈分数,差异无显性。结论 ASD封堵治疗既减轻了右室的容量铅荷,也改善了左室的收缩功能及几何构型,在短期随访中,左室功能及几何构型持续改善,右室功能维持于正常水平,置入封堵器对左房收缩功能未产生显影响。     

超声心动图评价成人房间隔缺损封堵术后心脏结构和功能的变化

目的探讨超声心动图评价成人房间隔缺损(atrial septal defects,ASD)介入封堵术后心脏形态和功能变化。方法经超声心动图和心电图检查确诊为ASD并成功施行ASD封堵术的患者74例,年龄(35.63±12.74)岁,ASD直径为(16.29±5.11)mm。于封堵器堵闭术后24h、1个月、3个月、6个月和12个月进行经胸超声心动图追踪测量主动脉内径、左心室舒张末内径、左心室收缩末内径和右心室前后径,肺动脉内径和肺动脉瓣血流速度,右心房和右心室的上下径、主动脉瓣口血流速度、二尖瓣口血流速度、三尖瓣口血流速度和左心室射血分数,同时测量封堵器的直径和长度,并进行统计学分析。结果术后24h与术前相比,右心房内径、右心室内径、肺动脉内径、三尖瓣口血流速度和肺动脉瓣口血流速度均显著减少(P0.01);左心房内径、左心室内径、主动脉内径、二尖瓣口血流速度和主动脉瓣口血流速度均显著增加(P0.05);左心室射血分数无明显变化。房室大小和血流速度在术后24h内变化明显,在术后1个月后的随访中逐渐趋于稳定。结论封堵器介入封堵ASD,既纠正了解剖畸形,又改善了左心和右心系统的几何结构。     

国产双盘封堵器封堵儿童继发孔房间隔缺损与外科手术的对照研究

目的探讨国产房间隔缺损封堵器经导管封堵继发孔房间隔缺损的安全性、有效性和临床可行性,并与同期外科手术治疗的病例作相关对照。方法2003年1月2005年12月,78例自愿选择应用国产封堵器封堵房间隔缺损的患儿与90例同期进行外科手术治疗的患儿进行治疗前后的对比,对相关检测指标、手术成功率、并发症、手术时间和住院时间、治疗费用作对照分析,治疗后定期随诊超声心动图和心电图。结果两组患儿在年龄、体质量、术前肺动脉压力、右心室舒张末内径、封堵成功率和手术成功率、手术死亡率差异无统计学意义。介入治疗组随访332个月,外科组随访624个月均无严重并发症,病死率均为0%。结论国产封堵器封堵继发孔房间隔缺损安全、成功率高,短中期疗效确切,在适应征允许范围内,可替代外科手术治疗。