硬核白内障小切口非超声乳化摘除人工晶状体植入术

目的：探讨硬核白内障小切口非超声乳化摘除人工晶状体植入术的疗效及并发症。方法：68例（68只眼）硬核白内障通过6mm小切口用劈核器碎核摘除联合人工晶状体植入（称非超声乳组）；随机抽取32只眼白内障超声乳化摘除人工晶状体植入（简称超乳组）作为对照组。结果：术后一周视力≥0．5，非超乳组50只眼（78．09％）；超乳组26只眼（81．25％），两组差异无显著性（P＞0．05），两组均采用巩膜隧道切口术后散光均较小。非超乳组主要并发症为：可逆性角膜内皮混浊，后囊膜破裂。结论：硬核白内障用劈核器碎核摘除人工晶状体植入术创伤小，技术难度小，费用低，并发症少，视力恢复好。     

儿童巩膜隧道小切口人工晶状体植入临床分析

目的：通过对儿童白内障后房型人工晶状体植入术分析，探讨巩膜隧道小切口及后囊连续环形撕囊的效果。方法：78眼中58眼行巩膜隧道小切口及后囊连续环形撕囊加人工晶体状植入术，20眼行常规角膜缘切口及后囊连续环形撕囊加入工晶状体植入术，结果：术后1月及6月巩膜隧道小切口的角膜散光度与常规角膜缘切口者比较结果有显著性差异（P＜0．05），结论：儿童白内障经巩膜隧道小切口人工晶状体植入术后角膜散光小，后囊连续环形撕囊后发性白内障发生率明显下降，临床效果良好。     

晶状体调位钩劈核在小切口白内障囊外摘除及人工晶状体植入术中的应用

目的:评价晶状体调位钩劈核技术在小切口白内障囊外摘除+人工晶状体植入术中的应用。方法:对1206例双流县残联贫困白内障患者施行小切口白内障囊外摘除+人工晶状体植入术,术中采用晶状体调位钩进行劈核,观察术中、术后并发症及术后视力。结果:术中患者巩膜隧道切口外口均<5mm,术后3d视力>0.5者795例(65.92%),术后1mo视力>0.5者980例(81.26%),术中及术后并发症少见。结论:小切口白内障囊外摘除术中采用晶状体调位钩劈核器械简单、安全、有效、术后并发症少,适合在基层医院及大批防盲工作中推广。     

小切口手法碎核白内障囊外摘除术

目的　探讨小切口手法碎核白内障囊外摘除人工晶状体植入的手术方法、疗效及手术并发症。方法　 6 5例 (6 8只眼 )白内障患者行小切口白内障囊外摘除人工晶状体植入术 ,术中从侧切口用晶状体调位钩及从隧道切口用晶状体套圈同时挤压的方法碎核。结果　术后 1月视力 >0 .5者占 86 .8% ,术后 1月角膜平均散光度数为(0 .72± 1.0 3) D,仅稍高于术前角膜平均散光度数。术后角膜水肿的发生率为 13.2 % ,1周后全部消退。结论　利用挤压碎核的小切口白内障囊外摘除手术不需特殊器械 ,操作简单 ,患者能迅速恢复视力。可用于大、硬核的白内障     

劈核刀的研制及在硬核白内障摘出术中的应用

目的 探讨自行研制的劈核刀在硬核白内障小切口非超声乳化人工晶状体植入术中的临床应用效果。方法 对27例(27眼)硬核白内障(Ⅲ—Ⅴ级核)用自行研制的劈核刀进行手术。结果 术后第1天视力：≥0．3者15眼(55．56％)，术后1周视力≥0．3者22 眼．(81．48％)。角膜散光与传统的囊外摘出术相比明显减少。结论 自研制的劈核刀在小切口非超声乳化人工晶状体植入术中的操作方便，手术效果满意，设备费用低。     

改良遂道式切口非碎核无缝线人工晶状体植入术治疗硬核白内障

目的　探讨梯形巩膜隧道中等切口非碎核无缝线白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术治疗硬核性白内障的安全性及效果。方法　对 2 0 2例 (2 2 0只眼 )硬核白内障患者行上方宽约 8m m的梯形巩膜隧道切口、整体托出法排核、植入后房型人工晶状体。对照组 6 0例 (6 0只眼 )行上方 5 .5 m m～ 6 m m巩膜隧道切口手法碎核白内障囊外摘除人工晶状体植入术。结果　术后 1～ 3天出院时视力 0 .3以上者 ,观察组 192只眼 (87.3% ) ,对照组 4 8只眼(80 .0 % ) ,观察组优于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。观察组手术并发症亦明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　改良巩膜隧道切口非碎核无缝线白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术治疗硬核白内障简便安全、并发症少、视力恢复快 ,值得推广应用。     

葡萄膜炎并发小瞳孔白内障摘除及人工晶状植入术

目的：探讨葡萄膜炎并发小瞳孔白内障摘除及人工晶状植入术的疗效。方法：对24例（24只眼）葡萄膜炎并发的小瞳孔白内障患者，行巩膜隧道小切口囊外摘除，植入后房型人工晶状体。结果：术后视力≥0．5者20只眼（83．3％），≥0．3者3只眼（12．5％），术后瞳孔呈圆形，无明显并发症。结论：小瞳孔白内障行巩膜隧道小切口囊外摘除及人工晶状体植入，只要方法得当，有选择性手术，术后反应轻，视力恢复好。     

小切口手法碎核人工晶状体植入术治疗硬核白内障

目的探讨小切口手法碎核对硬核白内障摘出人工晶状体植入临床效果。方法作角膜缘后反眉弓5.5mm巩膜隧道切口,采用晶状体硬核手法碎核技术对70例（70眼）白内障摘出,并植入折叠式或PMMA人工晶状体。结果 69眼成功完成手法碎核,劈核器对力不均造成晶状体2眼翻转致后囊破裂。术后1周裸眼或球镜矫正视力≥0.5者占92.86%,术后1周平均散光为（1.23±0.75）D。结论反眉弓巩膜隧道小切口手法碎核人工晶状体植入术不需特殊设备,简便易行,其效果可与超声乳化术媲美,可有效地减少术后角膜散光,早期获得良好的视力,降低手术费用。     

改良劈核技术在小切口白内障摘除术中的应用

目的介绍一种小切口白内障摘除手术中改良劈核方法,并观察手术效果.方法73例(73眼)白内障行小切口巩膜隧道,水下连续环形撕囊,改良劈核技术进行摘除.术后随访3个月,观察视力的变化.结果73例患者视力均明显提高,视力早期就趋于稳定.结论小切口白内障摘除术通过改良劈核技术,使白内障手术切口更小,术后视力恢复更好,手术更为简便,适合推广应用.     

超声乳化联合小切口硬核白内障摘除的临床观察

目的 探讨贫困地区超声乳化联合小切口硬核白内障摘除联合PMMA人工晶状体植入手术的疗效。方法 对336例(336只眼)Ⅳ级以上核白内障行超声乳化联合小切口晶状体摘除联合PMMA人工晶状体植入术。结果 术后1天、3天视力在0．5以上分别为240只眼(71．4％)、265只眼(78．8％)。术中主要并发症为后囊破裂。术后主要并发症为角膜水肿、眼压升高。结论 超声乳化联合小切口晶状体摘除治疗Ⅳ级以上核白内障切口小，术后反应轻，散光小，并且视力恢复快，费用低。手术技巧的提高可避免或减少术中术后并发症。     

Population-based assessment of the outcome of cataract surgery in an urban population in southern India

PURPOSE: To assess the outcome of cataract surgery in an urban population in southern India. METHODS: As part of a population-based cross-sectional epidemiologic study, the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study, 2,522 people of all ages, including 1,399 individuals 30 years of age or older, from 24 clusters representative of the population of Hyderabad in southern India underwent a detailed interview and ocular evaluation including logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, dilation, cataract grading, aphakia/pseudophakia status, and stereoscopic fundus evaluation. Automated threshold visual fields and slit-lamp and fundus photography were performed when indicated by standardized criteria. Very poor outcome in an eye that had undergone cataract surgery was defined as presenting distance visual acuity worse than 20/200, and poor outcome was defined as visual acuity worse than 20/60 to 20/200. RESULTS: In subjects 50 years of age or older, after adjustment for age and sex distribution, the rate of having had cataract surgery in one or both eyes was 14.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.4% to 17.8%). Of 131 eyes (91 subjects) that had undergone cataract surgery, 28 (21.4%; 95% CI, 14.4% to 28.4%) had very poor outcome and another 40 (30.5%; 95% CI, 22.6% to 38.4%) had poor outcome. The very poor outcome in 20 (71.4%) of 28 eyes and poor outcome in 23 (57.5%) of 40 eyes could be attributed to surgery-related causes or inadequate refractive correction. With multivariate analysis, very poor outcome as a result of surgery-related causes or inadequate refractive correction was more likely to be associated with intracapsular cataract extraction than with extracapsular cataract extraction (odds ratio, 9.34; 95% CI, 2.49 to 35.06) in subjects belonging to the lowest socioeconomic status (odds ratio, 4.92; 95% CI, 1.16 to 20.93) and with date of surgery 3 or fewer years before the survey than with more than 3 years (odds ratio, 4.52; 95% CI, 1.33 to 15.39). Also, very poor or poor outcome as a result of surgery-related causes or inadequate refractive correction was associated with women (odds ratio, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.06 to 6.16). CONCLUSIONS: The very high rate of very poor and poor visual outcome, predominantly as a result of surgery-related causes and inadequate refractive correction, in this urban population of India suggests that more attention is needed to improve the visual outcome of cataract surgery. In order to deal with cataract-related visual impairment in India, as much emphasis on surgical quality, refractive correction, and follow-up care is necessary as on the number of surgeries.     

Benefits and risks of immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery: a literature review

Immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) is a highly contended issue in ophthalmology, mainly due to the risk of bilateral endophthalmitis and financial penalties that many ophthalmologists face when performing simultaneous cataract surgeries. The purpose of this review is to understand the current status of the knowledge of ISBCS, mainly its benefits and risks and how they compare with the standard of care, delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery. Evidence, although limited, increasingly supports ISBCS for providing faster rehabilitation, improved visual outcomes, and cost and time savings. Evidence does not support the fear of bilateral endophthalmitis resulting from the simultaneous procedure. However, stronger and greater evidence is needed before ISBCSs can be considered the standard of care. Where ISBCS can potentially create the most beneficial impact is in public eye health programmes in developing countries, but this has not yet been explored.     

白内障手术服务快速评估法在白内障干预工作中的应用及意义

白内障手术服务快速评估法(RACSS)是WHO推出的用于评估一个国家或地区白内障盲情的一种简单方法。建议国内各级防盲机构在评估中国的每年白内障手术量时采用白内障手术覆盖率指标。为了提高评估效率,我们建议筛查人群为≥60岁者。为了了解每年的手术趋势,在其白内障手术服务调查记录表中加入“哪年做的白内障手术”的内容。     

Cataract surgical reach: Falling short to catch white cataracts!

Purpose:The aim of this study was to know proportion of white cataracts from among patients coming for cataract surgery, and to find causes delaying uptake of cataract surgery.Methods:A hospital-based, prospective study enrolled patients of senile cataract between April 2018 and March 2019. The proportion of white cataract was calculated and underlying causes delaying uptake of cataract surgery studied.Results:White cataracts constituted 13.5% of total 3634 senile cataract patients, with gender disparity disfavoring women. Bilateral white cataract was presentation in 39 (8%) patients and lens-related glaucoma in 24 (5%) patients. Pseudophakia in the other eye was single most common cause of delay.Conclusion:A large proportion of white cataracts suggest that penetration of cataract surgical services in not reaching to the most eligible individual.     

Congenital Anterior Polar Cataract: A Review of 63 Cases

Sixty-three patients with congenital anterior polar cataracts seen over a period of 15 years at The Children's Hospital, Boston, were reviewed to determine their clinical course and visual outcome. Over one-third of the patients were found to have strabismus, refractive anisometropia, or some form of amblyopia. Seven other patients had additional ocular pathology which affected their visual prognosis. One patient manifested progressive lens opacification that eventually warranted cataract surgery. These findings suggest a less benign prognosis for congenital anterior polar cataracts than has generally been described. In our series early ophthalmological examination did not always allow us to forecast later visual disability. We therefore recommend regular follow-up of all children with anterior polar cataracts until a secure assessment of vision can be made.     

发展中国家白内障手术的现状

随着人口的老龄化白内障的发病率也在升高,白内障已经成为发展中国家最常见的致盲眼病,在发展中国家中,盲和视觉损伤已经成为严重的公共卫生、社会和经济问题。虽然白内障手术是最具有成本效益的干预方式,但在发展中国家提供白内障手术服务仍存在很多问题和挑战,在过去10a中一些国家在治疗白内障时采用手法小切口白内障摘除术这种手术方式并取得了较好的效果。另外,制定不同的可持续发展的防盲模式在这些发展中国家也是一个挑战。本文就近年发展中国家的白内障手术情况做一综述。     

Phacoemulsification in posterior polar cataract: does size of lens opacity affect surgical outcome?

Background: To study the effect of size of the posterior polar opacity on surgical and visual outcome of phacoemulsification in posterior polar cataract. Setting: Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. Methods: Consecutive patients with posterior polar cataract who underwent phacoemulsification were analysed for intraoperative complications and postoperative outcome. The continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis size was kept approximately 5.5 mm, and hydrodelineation was done instead of hydrodissection. Results: There were 58 eyes of 51 patients who underwent phacoemulsification for posterior polar cataract. The mean follow‐up time was 15.4 months (range 12–40 months). Twenty‐three eyes had size of polar opacities 4 mm or more in diameter whereas 35 eyes had less than 4 mm. Posterior capsule rupture occurred in nine eyes (15.51%). In eyes with polar opacities 4 mm or more, seven (30.43%) had posterior capsule rupture whereas in eyes with less than 4 mm size, only two (5.71%) had posterior capsule rupture. Capsular bag placement of intraocular lens (IOL) was achieved in 50 eyes and sulcus‐sulcus in eight eyes. Three‐piece hydrophobic acrylic IOL was implanted in 47 eyes and all polymethylmethacrylate IOL in 11 eyes. Postoperatively best‐corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or better was achieved in 55 eyes (94.8%) and three eyes achieved 6/24 or less. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification in eyes with larger size of polar opacity has significant risk of posterior capsule rupture.     

白内障术后感染性眼内炎治疗11例

目的探讨白内障术后感染性眼内炎相关因素及治疗方法。方法对我院1999年11月至2005年10月11例11眼白内障术后感染性眼内炎进行回顾性分析。结果7眼细菌培养阳性，培养细菌包括：表皮葡萄球菌2眼，粪肠球菌1眼，催产克雷白菌1眼，腐生葡萄球菌1眼，异型枸橼酸杆菌1眼，醋酸不动杆菌1眼。行后部玻璃体切割术者5眼，其中眼球摘除1眼；单纯前房冲洗加注药2眼；前房冲洗注药联合玻璃体腔注药4眼。结论前房和玻璃体注药，后部玻璃体切割术是治疗的有效方法。