真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP-C3-MAGE-12的构建与表达

目的构建黑色素瘤抗原基因-12(MAGE-12)绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP-C3-MAGE-12,并在真核细胞中表达。方法于2005-10～2005-12对郑州大学第一附属医院应用RT-PCR方法,从人肺癌组织中扩增出MAGE-12cDNA基因片段,经过酶切鉴定后,克隆至质粒载体(pGEM-Teasy),测序证实碱基序列无误后,再克隆至真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体(pEGFP-C3)上,并转染真核细胞,观察其在真核细胞中表达。结果经酶切及基因序列分析验证,PCR扩增出944bp的MAGE-12基因并成功构建了真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP-C3-MAGE-12,该重组载体能够在真核细胞中广泛表达。结论成功构建真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP-C3-MAGE-12,为建立肿瘤细胞疫苗打下基础。     

真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP—C3-MAGE-12的构建与表达

目的构建黑色素瘤抗原基因-12（MAGE-12）绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP—C3-MAGE—12，并在真核细胞中表达。方法于2005—10～2005—12对郑州大学第一附属医院应用RT—PCR方法．从人肺癌组织中扩增出MAGE-12cDNA基因片段，经过酶切鉴定后，克隆至质粒载体（pGEM—Teasy），测序证实碱基序列无误后，再克隆至真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体（pEGFP—C3）上，并转染真核细胞，观察其在真核细胞中表达。结果经酶切及基因序列分析验证，PCR扩增出944bp的MAGE-12基因并成功构建了真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP—C3-MAGE-12，该重组载体能够在真核细胞中广泛表达。结论成功构建真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP—C3-MAGE-12，为建立肿瘤细胞疫苗打下基础。     

磷酸钠协同转运蛋白基因SLC34A2的真核表达重组载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建磷酸钠协同转运蛋白基因SLC34A2的真核表达重组载体pcDNA3.1（＋）,并进行酶切鉴定。方法查得人SLC34A2cDNA全序列,设计合成相应特异性引物,引入BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ酶切位点,通过RT-PCR获得SLC34A2基因,定向插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1（＋）多克隆酶切位点中,构建重组体pcDNA3.1（＋）-SLC34A2,通过酶切分析,PCR及测序鉴定,筛选阳性重组体。结果从正常肺组织中逆转录扩增出的SLC34A2基因,大小约为2073bp,经双酶切及测序鉴定证明成功构建了SLC34A2真核表达重组载体pcDNA3.1（＋）-SLC34A2。结论RT-PCR扩增得到了大小约为2073bp的SLC34A2基因;并成功构建了pcDNA3.1（＋）-SLC34A2真核表达重组载体。     

溶藻弧菌热休克蛋白70基因真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建溶藻弧菌热休克蛋白70(HSP70)真核表达载体pcDNA3.1。方法提取溶藻弧菌基因组DNA,PCR扩增HSP70基因片段,克隆至TA载体,通过PCR、酶切及测序鉴定后,将HSP70基因片段用限制性内切酶切下,克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1,构建pcDNA3.1重组质粒,通过PCR、酶切及序列分析对HSP70基因pcDNA3.1重组质粒进行鉴定。结果扩增出1 914bp的溶藻弧菌HSP70基因片段,并成功构建溶藻弧菌HSP70真核表达载体pcDNA3.1。结论成功构建了溶藻弧菌HSP70真核表达载体pcDNA3.1,为HSP70基因疫苗研制奠定了基础。     

前列腺癌特异突变DNA聚合酶β真核表达载体构建及鉴定

目的 构建前列腺癌(PCa)特异突变DNA聚合酶β(polβ)真核表达载体.方法 提取有特异DNA polβ突变的PCa组织的总RNA,通用引物逆转录成cDNA;用设计带有接头的DNA polβ全基因引物,PCR扩增PCa组织中呈现的突变型DNA polβ全基因;构建T-A克隆并进行重组体的筛选鉴定;亚克隆入表达载体pcDNA3.1并进行重组体的筛选和鉴定.结果 PCa特异突变DNA polβ基因扩增选择出P4(MI-polβ)和P5(M2-polβ)两个标本,构建重组有特定突变位点的polβ目的 基因的pcDNA3.1真核表达载体,经PCR扩增获得2个阳性集落.结论 经鉴定成功构建2例PCa特异突变DNA polβ真核表达载体(pcDNA3.1-M1 and peDNA3.1-M2).     

日本血吸虫酪氨酸羟化酶基因的克隆、真核表达及鉴定

目的扩增日本血吸虫的酪氨酸羟化酶（Schistosoma japonicum Tyrosine Hydroxylase,SjTH）编码基因,构建pcDNA3.1(+) SjTH真核表达载体,并检测其在COS 7细胞中的表达情况。方法以日本血吸虫成虫cDNA为模板,RACE PCR扩增SjTH编码基因,并与pGEM T连接进行亚克隆,双酶切后回收目的基因,并与真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)连接,PCR和双酶切初步鉴定后测序,纯化无内毒素重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+) SjTH,转染入COS 7细胞,G418筛选阳性克隆,RT PCR和Western blot鉴定重组SjTH蛋白的表达。结果RACE PCR 扩增出SjTH编码基因,大小约1 392bp,经双酶切鉴定、测序及Blast分析鉴定重组真核质粒构建成功。脂质体介导无内毒重组真核质粒pcDNA3.1(+) SjTH转染入COS 7细胞,G418筛选出阳性克隆,RT PCR证实阳性单克隆细胞带有SjTH编码基因,Western blot鉴定单克隆细胞表达重组SjTH蛋白,大小约54kD。结论真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+) SjTH构建成功,G418筛选出阳性克隆,真核表达重组SjTH蛋白,为后续研究SjTH蛋白功能奠定基础。     

IL-37b基因克隆及其真核的表达载体构建

目的 克隆IL-37b编码区基因,并构建其真核表达载体.方法 通过RT-PCR扩增IL-37b编码区基因,DNA测序鉴定后,将阳性克隆提取质粒,通过酶切连接将目的片段定向克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA 3.1,通过菌落PCR和DNA测序等进行鉴定.结果 凝胶电泳显示RT-PCR扩增出1条大小约650 bp特异条带,DNA测序结果显示获取了大小为654 bp的IL-37b编码区基因.PCR和DNA测序对所构建的真核表达载体鉴定结果表明IL-37b编码区基因正确插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1.结论 成功克隆了IL-37b编码区基因,并成功构建其真核表达载体,为下一步IL-37b生物学作用的深入研究奠定了基础.     

弓形虫复合抗原基因P30-ROP2体外扩增、克隆及真核表达重组质粒的构建

目的　构建弓形虫RH株 pcDNA3.1 P30 ROP2 真核表达重组质粒,为进一步表达及 DNA疫苗的研制作准备。　方法　用PCR技术从弓形虫RH分离株的基因组DNA中扩增编码 P30基因片段和棒状体蛋白(ROP2)的基因片段,重组入 pUC18克隆载体,然后将 pUC18 P30 ROP2中的 P30 ROP2 外源基因片段经酶切、连接等反应,亚克隆入pcDNA3.1真核表达载体,再经含氨苄青霉素的LB培养基筛选、酶切及PCR鉴定。　结果　从弓形虫RH株基因组中扩增出特异的 P30、ROP2 片段,克隆成功 pUC18 P30 ROP2 重组质粒;经亚克隆、筛选鉴定获得了 pcDNA3. 1 P30 ROP2重组表达质粒。　结论　成功构建了弓形虫 pUC18 P30 ROP2重组克隆质粒,亚克隆成功 pcDNA3.1 P30 ROP2真核表达重组质粒,为下一步DNA疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

细粒棘球蚴95(Eg95)抗原基因的克隆及真核表达质粒的构建

目的　克隆Eg95抗原基因 ,构建携带目的基因的真核表达载体 ,为细粒棘球蚴DNA疫苗的研究提供材料。方法　应用PCR方法从细粒棘球蚴cDNA文库中克隆获得Eg95抗原基因 ,将其克隆至 pUCm -T载体 ,测序确定其正确性。利用定向克隆技术将Eg95抗原基因片段克隆至真核表达质粒pcDNA3上 ,根据选择标记的氨苄抗性基因筛选到阳性克隆 ,通过酶切分析和PCR鉴定筛选出阳性克隆 ,测序确定序列。结果　测序表明所选 pcDNA3-Eg95阳性克隆均为正确连接Eg95抗原基因的重组质粒 ,可以作为DNA疫苗作进一步的研究。结论　成功构建真核细胞表达载体 pcDNA3-Eg95。     

杜氏利什曼原虫无鞭毛体蛋白基因真核表达重组质粒构建

目的 构建杜氏利什曼原虫无鞭毛体蛋白（amastin）编码基因的真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3.1-amastin。方法 提取杜氏利什曼原虫基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,将扩增出的无鞭毛体蛋白基因片段导入质粒载体pcDNA3.1（＋）,构建真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3.1-amastin。结果 扩增出大小约550bp的无鞭毛体蛋白基因;重组质粒pcDNA3.1-amastin经鉴定正确。结论 成功构建杜氏利什曼原虫无鞭毛体蛋白基因真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3.1-amastin。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.