闪烁刺激法治疗儿童屈光不正性弱视疗效与护理

目的评价两种弱视治疗仪治疗儿童屈光不正性弱视的疗效.方法应用多功能弱视矫治协调器第1组和家用型SZS闪烁增视仪第2组分别治疗50例儿童屈光不正性弱视.结果第1组有效率92%,第2组有效率90.0%,2组疗效的差异无显著性(p>0.05)意义.结论两种方法治疗儿童屈光不正性弱视的疗效是确切的,SZS闪烁增视仪操作简单、携带方便、儿童更乐于治疗.     

闪烁刺激法治疗儿童屈光不正性弱视疗效与护理

目的评价两种弱视治疗仪治疗儿童屈光不正性弱视的疗效.方法应用多功能弱视矫治协调器第1组和家用型SZS闪烁增视仪第2组分别治疗50例儿童屈光不正性弱视.结果第1组有效率92%,第2组有效率90.0%,2组疗效的差异无显著性(p>0.05)意义.结论两种方法治疗儿童屈光不正性弱视的疗效是确切的,SZS闪烁增视仪操作简单、携带方便、儿童更乐于治疗.     

闪烁刺激治疗儿童屈光不正性弱视疗效与护理

目的 评价两种视治疗仪治疗儿童屈光不正性弱视的疗效。方法 应用 多功能弱视矫治协调器第1组和家用型SZS闪烁增视仪第2组分别治疗50例儿童屈光不正性弱视。结果 第1组有效率92％，第2组有效率90．0％，2组疗效的差异无显著性（P＞0．05）意义。结论 两种方法治疗儿童屈光不正性弱视的疗效是确切的，SZS闪烁增视仪操作简单、携带方便、儿童更乐于治疗。     

弱视治疗仪的研制

介绍了一种新型的半导体激光弱视治疗仪及其硬件、软件方面的设计。通过临床实验,验证了该仪器的稳定性和有效性。     

遮盖+综合治疗弱视的疗效观察

目的 观察双眼弱视患儿在采用综合疗法的基础上,加用遮盖疗法治疗的效果.方法 双眼弱视患儿在综合治疗的基础上加用遮盖疗法.结果 146例248只弱视眼,达到有进步和基本治愈有204只眼,有效率为82.61%.结论 双眼视力相差大的弱视患儿在综合治疗的基础上加用遮盖疗法对治疗有帮助.     

遮盖＋综合治疗弱视的疗效观察

目的观察双眼弱视患儿在采用综合疗法的基础上,加用遮盖疗法治疗的效果。方法双眼弱视患儿在综合治疗的基础上加用遮盖疗法。结果 146例248只弱视眼,达到有进步和基本治愈有204只眼,有效率为82.61%。结论双眼视力相差大的弱视患儿在综合治疗的基础上加用遮盖疗法对治疗有帮助。     

儿童近视性弱视的疗效分析

目的比较近视性弱视与其他类型弱视的治疗效果．方法将我院近3年的儿童经过散瞳验光，筛选出近视性弱视，远视性弱视及混合散光性弱视患儿各50例，进行综合弱视治疗，比较其疗效．结果各类屈光不正性弱视中，远视性弱视的疗效最好，基本痊愈率为88％，混合散光性弱视次之，为84％，近视性弱视的疗效最差，为48％．前两者无显著性差异，前两者和后者有显著性差异(p＜O．05)．屈光不正的程度与疗效也有很大关系，轻度屈光不正者基本痊愈率为100％，中度者基本痊愈率为85％，重度者基本痊愈率为76％．结论各类屈光不正的疗效与屈光性质和屈光不正的程度有关．     

学龄前弱视儿童医院治疗与家庭治疗疗效分析

目的观察学龄前弱视儿童医院治疗与家庭治疗的疗效区别。方法把学龄前弱视儿童随机分为医院治疗组与家庭治疗组,采用相同的治疗方法进行治疗。结果弱视儿童医院组的治愈率为83.3%,家庭组的治愈率51.5%。两者间差别有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论学龄前弱视儿童在医院治疗能营造最佳治疗氛围,使儿童在娱乐中配合治疗,取得了最好的治疗效果。     

干预性综合治疗儿童弱视的疗效分析

目的探讨干预性弱视治疗对比常规弱视治疗的疗效。方法将80例弱视儿童随机分为两组，弱视治疗组（弱视治疗＋行为干预）40例（80眼），弱视对照组（弱视治疗）40例（76眼），治疗时间均为1年以上。然后观察两组弱视疗效并以视觉诱发电位（P-VEP）作为评估的依据。结果弱视治疗组经行为干预治疗弱视疗效明显高于弱视对照组，差异有显著性统计学意义（P〈0．05）。弱视治疗组和弱视对照组在治疗前P-VEP的N75和P100的振幅及潜伏期均无明显差异（P〉0．05）。弱视治疗组经行为干预治疗后P100的振幅明显高于弱视对照组，而且P100的潜伏期较弱视对照组明显缩短，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）。结论弱视疗效与患儿的依从性和弱视治疗的方法有关，持之以恒的综合训练是取得良好疗效的关键。     

儿童近视性弱视的疗效分析

目的比较近视性弱视与其他类型弱视的治疗效果.方法将我院近3年的儿童经过散瞳验光,筛选出近视性弱视,远视性弱视及混合散光性弱视患儿各50例,进行综合弱视治疗,比较其疗效.结果各类屈光不正性弱视中,远视性弱视的疗效最好,基本痊愈率为88%,混合散光性弱视次之,为84%,近视性弱视的疗效最差,为48%.前两者无显著性差异,前两者和后者有显著性差异(p<0.05).屈光不正的程度与疗效也有很大关系,轻度屈光不正者基本痊愈率为100%,中度者基本痊愈率为85%,重度者基本痊愈率为76%.结论各类屈光不正的疗效与屈光性质和屈光不正的程度有关.     

衡阳市大学生恋爱状况调查

目的探讨衡阳市大学生的恋爱状况及其影响因素。方法采用大学生恋爱状况问卷对衡阳市4所高校的800名大学生的恋爱状况进行了调查。结果该问卷的4个维度（现实表现型、慕才攀比型、空虚满足型、尝试体验型）能较好的概括目前大学生恋爱状况的各个方面 衡阳市大学生的恋爱状况表现出性别、生源地、年级、专业性质的差异。结论大学生恋爱状况值得关注,对大学生恋爱问题的分析非常有用。大学生恋爱状况调查问卷简便易行,有助于大学生恋爱问题的诊断。     

Casual household transmission of human immunodeficiency virus

The consistent conclusion of many studies and reviews is that there is no evidence for casual household transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this study was to analyze the evidence for casual household transmission. Data were obtained from published studies identified by computer searching, bibliographies, and consultations with experts. The analysis indicated that casual household transmission is a route of HIV transmission.     

Health concerns in households

In a group of 330 participants from 147 different households, we examined the hypothesis that the importance of health concerns differs according to the kind of household task at hand and according to the position one takes in the household organization. Results show (1) that health concerns are generally more important than concern for other values; (2) that the importance of health concerns varies largely from one household task to another. Health is considered especially important in body care, nutrition and the organization of leisure time, but much less important in the domains of social contact, clothing and maintenance; (3) that the perceived importance of health differs according to the position one takes within the household, health being most important for household members with intermediate levels of responsibility. Results are interpreted as supporting the idea that health behaviour is partly regulated at a 'supra-individual' level of control.     

居民对入户调查脑卒中筛查项目的态度研究

目的了解城市居民对于入户调查脑卒中的意愿,探求深入调查脑卒中高危人群的有效途径遥方法设计调查问卷,培 训医务人员,对医院内100名就诊人员和社区内100名居民随机进行调查遥结果200 份问卷中有5 名拒绝调查,参与调查的 195 名中,有36 名愿意入户,占18.46%曰大部分居民对入户调查是拒绝的,拒绝理由不一遥结论入户调查是一种有效的获取全 面资料的调查,但入户调查面临困境,政府支持尧居委会的配合尧有效的沟通很重要遥     

Quantifying within-household transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria

Objectives

Patients can acquire extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae during hospitalization, and colonized patients may transmit these bacteria after discharge, most likely to household contacts. In this study, ESBL transmission was quantified in households.

Viral genetic sequence variations in pandemic H1N1/2009 and seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses within an individual, a household and a community

Background

There are few data in the literature on viral sequence variation between host generations/successive transmission events. Relatively little is known about the sequence heterogeneity of the influenza viruses transmitted within families.

Objectives

To study the molecular epidemiology of influenza virus and to determine the sequence variation within an individual, a household and a community during the first wave of influenza pandemic in 2009.

Study design

A prospective study of household transmission of influenza A in Hong Kong was conducted during the pandemic in 2009. The HA and NA sequences of pandemic and seasonal influenza A viral isolates identified in this household transmission study were sequences and analyzed.

Results

Our results indicated that there were multiple introductions of influenza viruses into Hong Kong. Sequence analysis of these isolates suggested that members of these family clusters acquired the infection by household transmissions. Interestingly, unlike those concluded from previous household transmission studies, we observed sequence variations between sequential samples from the same person and also within the same household.

Conclusions

Family clusters of influenza A viral infection are predominantly the result of secondary transmission within a household. Our results also suggested that the intra-host viral sequence variation might be more common that than previously thought.     

The evaluation of the iodine content of table salt in Lesotho

The objective of the study was to investigate the iodine content of salt at both retail and household levels before the introduction of the universal salt iodisation legislation in Lesotho. A cross sectional study was conducted. 300 salt samples were collected from systematically selected households and 100 salt samples were collected from retailers situated in the same villages as the households selected for this study, in all ten districts of Lesotho. An iodometric titration method was used for analyzing the iodine content of the salt samples. The mean iodine content of salt at both retail and household level of 37 ppm ranged from 29 ppm to 48 ppm and from 31 ppm to 45 ppm in the different districts at retail and household level respectively. Uniformity of iodisation was lacking as indicated by the large variation in the mean iodine content among brands (ranging from 1-46 ppm at household level and 1-53 ppm at retail level as well as within brands (ranging from 7-97 ppm at household level and 12-76 ppm at retail level). 4% of households used non iodised salt. 18.2% of the household salt samples were below the adequate iodisation level of 15 ppm. 81.8% of the households use adequately iodised salt. This however does not meet WHO criteria for elimination of IDD as a public health problem since less than 90% of effectively iodised salt is being used at household level.     

It starts at home? Climate policies targeting household consumption and behavioral decisions are key to low-carbon futures

Through their consumption behavior, households are responsible for 72% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, they are key actors in reaching the 1.5 °C goal under the Paris Agreement. However, the possible contribution and position of households in climate policies is neither well understood, nor do households receive sufficiently high priority in current climate policy strategies. This paper investigates how behavioral change can achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in European high-income countries. It uses theoretical thinking and some core results from the HOPE research project, which investigated household preferences for reducing emissions in four European cities in France, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The paper makes five major points: First, car and plane mobility, meat and dairy consumption, as well as heating are the most dominant components of household footprints. Second, household living situations (demographics, size of home) greatly influence the household potential to reduce their footprint, even more than country or city location. Third, household decisions can be sequential and temporally dynamic, shifting through different phases such as childhood, adulthood, and illness. Fourth, short term voluntary efforts will not be sufficient by themselves to reach the drastic reductions needed to achieve the 1.5 °C goal; instead, households need a regulatory framework supporting their behavioral changes. Fifth, there is a mismatch between the roles and responsibilities conveyed by current climate policies and household perceptions of responsibility. We then conclude with further recommendations for research and policy.     

It starts at home? Climate policies targeting household consumption and behavioral decisions are key to low-carbon futures

Through their consumption behavior, households are responsible for 72% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, they are key actors in reaching the 1.5 °C goal under the Paris Agreement. However, the possible contribution and position of households in climate policies is neither well understood, nor do households receive sufficiently high priority in current climate policy strategies. This paper investigates how behavioral change can achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in European high-income countries. It uses theoretical thinking and some core results from the HOPE research project, which investigated household preferences for reducing emissions in four European cities in France, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The paper makes five major points: First, car and plane mobility, meat and dairy consumption, as well as heating are the most dominant components of household footprints. Second, household living situations (demographics, size of home) greatly influence the household potential to reduce their footprint, even more than country or city location. Third, household decisions can be sequential and temporally dynamic, shifting through different phases such as childhood, adulthood, and illness. Fourth, short term voluntary efforts will not be sufficient by themselves to reach the drastic reductions needed to achieve the 1.5 °C goal; instead, households need a regulatory framework supporting their behavioral changes. Fifth, there is a mismatch between the roles and responsibilities conveyed by current climate policies and household perceptions of responsibility. We then conclude with further recommendations for research and policy.     

A longitudinal study of household change on African American adolescents

Few studies have examined the effects of household change on adolescent development. We study household composition change and its effect on development, as measured by both internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors, in a sample of urban African American adolescents. Household change was defined based on the movement in or out of the household of one of the 2 most important adults adolescents named. We found 25% of adolescents reported changes in their household composition over the 4 years of high school. Youth who experienced change reported more internalizing symptoms and externalizing behavior than youth who did not experience change. Those reporting important people leaving their household had the greatest negative outcomes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.