失血量和广泛脑组织挫伤与消耗性凝血病的相关性分析

目的 探讨失血量和广泛脑组织挫伤与消耗性凝血病的相关性.方法 回顾性分析153例重型脑外伤患者凝血功能资料.分别观察失血量≥3000 ml与＜3000 ml凝血象关系、是否伴有广泛脑组织挫伤的凝血象关系、是否伴有广泛脑组织挫伤的治疗及预后比较、失血量≥3000 ml是否伴有广泛脑组织挫伤的治疗预后比较.结果 失血量≥3000 ml患者与失血量＜3000 ml患者比较,活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)延长,纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、血小板降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).有广泛脑组织挫伤患者与无广泛脑组织挫伤患者比较,APTT、PT、TT延长,Fbb、血小板降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).有广泛脑组织挫伤患者输血总量、输新鲜冰冻血浆量均较无广泛脑组织挫伤患者多,前者生存率较后者低[68.29%(28/41)比96.43%(108/112)],两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).41例广泛脑组织挫伤患者中失血量≥3000 ml较＜3000 ml输血总量、输冷沉淀量、输血小板量、输新鲜冰冻血浆量增加,预后也更差.结论 当创伤后失血量≥3000 ml时,患者出现不同程度凝血功能障碍表现,同时伴有创伤后失血量≥3000 ml广泛脑组织挫伤时需要进行的凝血干预更多,预后更差.

Abstract：

Objective To study the relevance between blood loss, widespread brain contusion injury and consumptive coagulopathy. Methods One hundred and fifty-three cases with severe brain injury was studied about their coagulation data. Analyzed the relationship between blood loss group according to ≥3000 ml and ＜ 3000 ml and coagulation features, the relationship between widespread brain contusion injury and disorder of coagulation;according to whether with brain contusion injury,kinds of bloods transplant and prognosis were asseseed;according to whether with widespread brain contusion injury in ≥ 3000 ml blood loss group,kinds of bloods transplant and prognosis were assessed. Results Compared with ＜ 3000 ml blood loss patients, ≥ 3000 ml patients' blood coagulation changed obviously, with PT prolonging, Fbg and Plt decreasing, the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with no extensive brain contusion injury patients, in extensive brain contusion injury patients, APTT, PT, TT prolonged, Fbg and Plt decreased,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05). Extensive brain contusion injury patients with blood loss compared with those without such loss, needed more blood transfusion volume,larger amount of input of fresh frozen plasma Plt volume,the former survival rate was lower [68.29%(28/41)vs. 96.43%(108/112)], the difference between them was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05 ). In 41 patients who had brain widespread contusion ,the cases with extensive blood loss ( ≥ 3000 ml) were compared with those ＜ 3000 ml, and the differences in blood transfusion treatment, fresh frozen plasma, Plt volume,survival rate were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion When blood loss ≥ 3000 ml after trauma,patients show various degrees of coagulopathy,and when accompanied with extensive brain tissue injury,coagulation disorders are more obvious, and the prognosis is even worse.     

学龄期儿童膳食钙与骨密度的关系

Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the nutritional status of dietary calcium intake in school-age children in Shanghai and to analyze the relationship between dietary calcium and bone mineral density (BMD).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the second and third grade students of 10 primary schools in Yangpu District and Baoshan District in Shanghai. Food frequency questionnaire was used tu estimate the relative intake of dietary calcium of students in 6 primary schools in Baoshnn District. Quantitative ultrasound bone density examination was used to estimate the calcaneal BMD.The relation-ship between calcium intake and BMD was analyzed.Results The average calcium intake was 647 mg/d among ested students.BMD was not significantly different among different age groups (F=1.595,P=0.173),while Z-score was significantly different among different age groups (F=16.02,P=0.000).The total calcium intake was not correlated with BMD or Z-score.The percentage of dairy calcium intake was positively correlated with BMD (r=0.097,P=0.015)and Z-score (r=O.117,P=0.003),the percentage of non-dairy calcium intake and the non-dairy calcium intake were negatively correlated with BMD (r=-0.097,P=0.015) and Z-score(r=-0.110,P=0.006).When the total dietary calcium intake was ≥600 mg/d,BMD and Z-score significantly higherin students with high dairy calcium intake than those with low dairy calcium intake (P<0.05).When the total dietary calcium intake was <600mg/d,BMD and Z-score were higher in students with high dairy calcium in-take than in those with low dairy calcium intake,although no statistical significance was noted (P>0.05).Conclusions BMD and Z-score increase along with the increase of dairy calcium intake.Such effect becomes even more obvious when the total dietary calcium intake is ≥600 mg/d.     

荧光定量PCR对血及痰培养物中结核分枝杆菌DNA的检测

Objective To evaluate if fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) detection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in blood or sputum culture can help tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Methods A total of 81 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis but sputum negative were enrolled, 40 were tuberculosis group and 41 coexisting HIV were HIV-TB group. Blood and sputum were cultured for bacilli or L-forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and FQ-PCR was used to detected bacilli DNA. Results For pulmonary tuberculosis group, 54.1 %(20/37) were positive for bacilli or Informs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by FQ-PCR, 27.5% (11/40) were positive in blood culture, 22.5%(9/40) were positive in blood by FQ-PCR, and the total positive rate of blood was 42.5% (17/40). But for HIV-TB group, only 2 positive cultures were found in 10 sputum, the positive rate of blood culture was 7.3% (3/41), and the positive rate of blood was 17.1%(7/41) by FQ-PCR. There was no significant difference between two groups in the positive rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by FQ-PCR after blood cultures (P > 0.05). The total positive rates detected by FQ-PCR of sputum or blood cultures were 65.0% (26/40) and 22.0% (9/41) respectively, and there was significant difference between two groups( χ2 = 15.305, P < 0.01). Conclusions FQ-PCR for blood or sputum culture detection appears to be a useful method to diagnose TB in persons with or without HIV infection. The use of FQ-PCR significantly enhance the efficiency of the etiological diagnosis of sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis.     

荧光定量PCR对血及痰培养物中结核分枝杆菌DNA的检测

Objective To evaluate if fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) detection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in blood or sputum culture can help tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Methods A total of 81 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis but sputum negative were enrolled, 40 were tuberculosis group and 41 coexisting HIV were HIV-TB group. Blood and sputum were cultured for bacilli or L-forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and FQ-PCR was used to detected bacilli DNA. Results For pulmonary tuberculosis group, 54.1 %(20/37) were positive for bacilli or Informs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by FQ-PCR, 27.5% (11/40) were positive in blood culture, 22.5%(9/40) were positive in blood by FQ-PCR, and the total positive rate of blood was 42.5% (17/40). But for HIV-TB group, only 2 positive cultures were found in 10 sputum, the positive rate of blood culture was 7.3% (3/41), and the positive rate of blood was 17.1%(7/41) by FQ-PCR. There was no significant difference between two groups in the positive rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by FQ-PCR after blood cultures (P > 0.05). The total positive rates detected by FQ-PCR of sputum or blood cultures were 65.0% (26/40) and 22.0% (9/41) respectively, and there was significant difference between two groups( χ2 = 15.305, P < 0.01). Conclusions FQ-PCR for blood or sputum culture detection appears to be a useful method to diagnose TB in persons with or without HIV infection. The use of FQ-PCR significantly enhance the efficiency of the etiological diagnosis of sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis.     

两种新型非生物型人工肝治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎疗效观察

Objective To explore the clinical effects of two new treatment methods of non-biologic artificial liver [slower plasma exchange (PE) combined with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CWH), and coupled plasma exchange filtration adsorption (CPEFA)] in treatment of chronic severe hepatitis B patients. Methods 130 patients with chronic severe hepatitis B were divided into three groups. 44 patients were treated with a parallel circuit of being combined slower PE and CWH based on the conservation medical therapy (group A). 43 patients were treated with CPEFA based on the conservation medical therapy (group B). 43 patients received PE with conservative medical therapy (group C). The clinical symptoms, signs, liver function, blood sodium concentration, effective rates and survival rates in three groups were surveyed before and after treatment. Results The symptom and signs of the majority in the above different groups improved. In group A and B, hyponatremia of patients were improved, the effective rates (within 6 months after the treatment) were 70.45% and 72.09% respectiverly. There was no statistical difference between the two groups (χ2=0.10,P>0.05), the survival rates(6 months) were 45.45% and 46.51% respectively and there was no statistical difference (χ2 = 0.08, P > 0.05). In group C, patients' hyponatremia did not change, the effective rate (51.16%)was obviously lower than those in group A and B (χ2 = 7.55,9.31, P < 0.01) and the total survival rate(6 months) was 30.23% also lower than those in group A, B (χ2 = 4.80,6.10, P < 0.05). Conclusions Being combined slower PE and CWH with a parallel circuit and CPEFA are two new, safe and effective methods of non-biologic artificial liver treatment.     

膝关节注射透明质酸钠对力竭性跑台运动大鼠滑膜组织COMP的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of intra-articular hyaluronan(HA)injection on the expression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein(COMP)in synovium of strenuous running rats,and investigate the possibility of predicting the effectiveness of HA based on COMP in synovium.Methods 36 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,strenuous running group and strenuous running group and HA injection group.Strenuous running group and HA injection group were intra- articularly injected with HA once a week for 5 consecutive weeks.The histological changes of synovium of knee joint was examined by H.E.staining and immunohistochemical expression of COMP in three groups after 6 weeks' strenuous running.Results Synovial inflammation was less severe in strenuous running and HA injection group than strenuous running group(t =7.15,P ＜0.01).The immunohistochemical expression of COMP in rats'synovium of knee joint in strenuous running and HA injection group was significantly lower than that in rats'synovium in strenuous running group(t = 6.30,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Intra- articular HA injection suppressed synovitis,and the expression of COMP in synovium could be used to predict the effectiveness of HA.     

血糖稳定的2型糖尿病患者的静息能量消耗

Objective To investigate the features of resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with well controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Totally 45 T2DM patients with stable blood glucose were enrolled. The general conditions, biochemical indicators, measurements of REE ( MREE), and basal energy expenditure (BEE) calculated with Harris-Benedict formula (HBEE) and Owen formula (OBEE) were recorded and compared. Results MREE had no significant difference with HBEE or OBEE in T2DM patients with stable blood glucose (P ＞ 0. 05). Correlation analysis showed that REE was significantly correlated with gender, age, body weight, body height, body surface area, and fat-free mass ( all P ＜ 0.05 ), but was not correlated with body mass index, fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose, haemoglobin Alc, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, and haemoglobin (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Multiple regression analysis showed that fat free mass and age had the closest correlation with REE. Conclusions REE does not increase in T2DM patients with well controlled blood glucose. Factors that influence their REE are similar with healthy individuals. Determi nation of REE can provide useful information for the nutrition treatment of T2DM.     

预存式自体输血在腰椎间盘突出手术中的应用疗效研究

目的 探讨预存式自体输血在腰椎间盘突出手术中应用的疗效.方法 采用分层抽样的方法将术中输血的50例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为两组,研究组(30例)采用预存式自体输血,对照组(20例)未进行预存式自体输血,将两组患者围手术期出血量、自体输血量及异体输血量、手术前后的血常规变化和输血后不良反应发生情况进行比较.结果 研究组围手术期出血量为(720±665)ml,低于对照组的(1060±558)ml,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).研究组均未输注异体血而且安全渡过围手术期.两组术前、术后3 d、术后7 d血红蛋白水平、红细胞计数和白细胞计数比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),血小板计数在术后7 d两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组未见输血反应发生,对照组出现1例输血反应.结论 腰椎间盘突出手术中采用预存式自体输血可避免输注异体血,避免了异体输血的诸多不良反应,且临床疗效与输注异体血差异无统计学意义.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of predeposit autotransfusion in operation of the patients with lumbar disc protrusion.Methods Fifty patients of transfusion with lumbar disc protrusion were assigned into two groups by stratified sampling randomly,30 patients whose blood were predeposited before operation in experimental group,and the other 20 patients whose blood were not predeposited before operation in control group.The blood loss,the blood requirements during operations,the hemotological routine indexes and the complications related to blood transfusion were compared respectively.Results The blood loss of experimental group [ (720 ± 665 ) ml ] perioperative period was lower than that of control group [ ( 1060 ± 558 ) ml ],but there was no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).All the patients in experimental group went through perioperative period safely without allogenic blood transfusion.Hemoglobin,red blood cell and white blood cell were not significantly different between two groups before and after operation for 3,7 days (P＞ 0.05 ),the platelet count after operation for 7 days was significantly different between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).No complication was observed in experimental group but 1 case with complication was observed in control group.Conclusions Predeposit autotransfusion is an effective to avoid homologous blood transfusion and its complications for the patients with lumbar disc protrusion.Furthermore,the clinical effect is not significantly different between the predeposit autotransfusion patients and the allogenic blood transfusion patients.     

膝关节病变的MRI与膝关节镜检查所见的对比分析

Objective To investigate the MRI manifestation of lesions in knee joint, and to compare the sensitivity of detection between the MRI and knee joint endoscopy. Methods 34 cases were analyzed retrospectively, MRI and knee joint endoscopy were performed on all the 34 patients. Result 27 meniscus degeneration and tear, 22 interosseous ligaments of knee tear, 3 ligaments collaterale tear, 2 chondroid degeneration or necrosis, and 30 hydrarthrosis were detected by MRI;25 meniscus degeneration and tear,17 interosseous ligaments of knee tear, 14 chondroid degeneration or necrosis, and 10 synovial hyperplasion were detected by endoscopy. Conclusion ① MRI was a most important tool for detecting knee joint lesions. ② MRI is more effective to demonstrate the hydrarthrosis, meniscus degeneration and tear, ligaments collaterale tear compared to endoscopy. ③there are false diagnosis in MRI and knee joint endoscopy.     

慢性乙型肝炎肝组织损伤的相关因素研究

Objective To study the expression of adiponectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in liver from the patients of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) overlapped non-alcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD), and to explore the mechanism of CHB patients with NAFLD. Methods 94 patients of CHB overlapped NAFLD (case group)underwent liver biopsy, 119 cases of patients with CHB alone (control group) as control, the fasting venous blood sample was taken for liver biochemical and virological indicators. Liver biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically stained for histology, adiponectin and α-SMA, and integral absorbance. Results The serum ALT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting glucose levels in case group were significantly higher than that in control group (Z = 3.425,4.488,4.858、2.265, P < 0.05) .There was no significant difference in HBV DNA viral load and HBeAg between the two groups( Z = 0.825, χ2 = 0.323, P > 0.05). In case group, adiponectin expression was no significant correlation with steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis(r = 0.032, -0.107, -0.133, P>0.05); however, in control group adiponectin was negatively related to inflammation and fibrosis(r= -0.223, -0.259,P<0.05). In case group,α-SMA expression was significant correlation with inflammation and fibrosis( r = 0.323,0.355, P < 0.05). In control group, its expression was no correlation with inflammation and fibrosis( r = 0.172,0.155, P > 0.05). Conclusions The occurrence of NAFLD is mainly related to metabolic factors and no relation with viral factors. Adiponectin is not directly related to liver injury of patients of CHB overlapped NAFLD. α-SMA may be important indicator of liver injury,and NAFLD may promote the progress of liver injury in patients with CHB.     

老年股骨转子间骨折防旋型股骨近端髓内钉内固定围手术期失血分析

目的 对采用防旋型股骨近端髓内钉（PFNA）治疗的老年股骨转子间骨折患者的围手术期失血量进行分析,探讨PFNA内固定围手术期失血的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析行PFNA内固定治疗的62例股骨转子间骨折老年患者的临床资料,对围手术期的显性失血量及隐性失血量进行统计分析,并依据性别、年龄、骨折类型进行分组,分析围手术期失血的影响因素.结果 62例患者总失血量为（775.8±129.6） ml,显性失血量为（120.6±42.0） ml,占总失血量的15.5％,隐性失血量为（655.2±109.1） ml,占总失血量的84.5％,隐性失血量显著高于显性失血量,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.男性组（20例）总失血量、显性失血量、隐性失血量分别为（773.3±131.5）、（122.5±44.1）、（650.8±114.2） ml;女性组（42例）分别为（777.0±124.7）、（119.7±40.2）、（657.3±107.7） ml,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.高龄组（35例）总失血量、显性失血量分别为（813.1±107.5）、（117.7±49.7）ml;非高龄组（27例）分别为（727.4±114.3）、（124.4±36.6） ml,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;高龄组隐性失血量为（695.4±74.1） ml,高于非高龄组的（603.0±65.3） ml,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.稳定组（14例）总失血量、显性失血量、隐性失血量分别为（578.1±82.3）、（68.5±23.1）、（509.6±63.1） ml,低于不稳定组（48例）的（833.5±84.1）、（135.8±35.0）、（697.7±79.3） ml,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 老年股骨转子间骨折PFNA内固定围手术期失血主要来自于隐性失血,年龄及骨折稳定性是影响隐性失血的危险因素.     

人工关节置换术后手术部位早期感染与外周血淋巴细胞的关系

目的：探讨人工关节置换术后手术部位早期感染与外周血淋巴细胞的关系.方法：回顾分析2001年1月-2012年6月本院30例人工髋、膝关节置换术后手术部位早期感染患者的术前、术后1、3 d外周血淋巴细胞相对数量的变化,用统计学方法将此类患者不同时间外周血淋巴细胞百分比进行两两对比,同时与对照组（人工关节置换术后早期未感染患者）比较.结果：感染组外周血淋巴细胞的百分比在术后第1天、第3天较术前明显下降（P〈0.05）,而术后第1天与第3天外周血淋巴细胞之间的百分比变化无统计学意义（q检验在同一格）;对照组术后第1天外周血淋巴细胞的百分比较术前亦有明显下降（P〈0.05）,但术后第3天外周血淋巴细胞的百分比较术前无明显变化（q检验在同一格）.感染组术后第1天、第3天淋巴细胞明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,与对照组相比感染组术后淋巴细胞恢复的更慢.结论：人工关节置换术后手术部位早期感染者术后外周血淋巴细胞减少且恢复缓慢.作为反映机体免疫状况的外周血淋巴细胞的检测可以指导控制和预防人工关节置换术后的早期感染.     

联合神经阻滞与硬膜外麻醉用于老年单侧全髋关节置换术的比较

目的 比较腰丛-坐骨神6经阻滞与硬膜外麻醉在老年单侧全髋关节置换术中的麻醉效果.方法 择期行单侧全髋关节置换术的老年患者42例,按随机数字表法分为腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞组(N组)和硬膜外麻醉组(EA组),每组各21例.N组采用神经刺激仪定位,腰丛和坐骨神经分别注入1%利4多卡因15 ml和0.5%罗哌卡因20 ml及1%利多卡因5 ml和0.5%罗哌卡因20ml;EA组给予0.5%罗哌卡因10～15 ml.记录两组患者的血流动力学变化,感觉、运动神经阻滞起效时间、持续时间及术后并发症.结果 麻醉后10、20、30、60 min EA组的收缩压和舒张压均明显低于麻醉前和N组同一时间点(P＜0.05).两组患者感觉和运动神经阻滞起效时间相近(P＞0.05),但N组感觉和运动神经阻滞持续时间[(436.5±103.3)、(307.3±112.4)min]长于EA组[(305.2±110.8)、(189.3±84.5)min](P＜0.05).术后EA组有4例出现恶心呕吐症状,N组无恶心呕吐发生.结论 腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞用于老年单侧全髋关节置换术阻滞完善,血流动力学稳定,作用时间长,术后并发症少.     

老年移位型股骨颈骨折行髋关节置换术与内固定失效后再行髋关节置换术的疗效对比

目的 比较老年移位型股骨颈骨折Ⅰ期行人工全髋关节置换（THR）与内固定失效后再行THR的疗效,探讨老年移位型股骨颈骨折的治疗方法.方法 选择2006年1月至2012年12月因内固定失效后行THR的老年移位型股骨颈骨折患者22例作为观察组,另选择同期因移位型股骨颈骨折Ⅰ期行THR的老年移位型股骨颈骨折患者30例作为对照组,观察比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、Harris评分及KPS生活质量评分.结果 两组患者均成功获得随访,两组各有1例患者死亡,两组患者均未发生关节感染、翻修等严重并发症.观察组手术时间（114.82±32.13） min,明显长于对照组的（90.63±16.24） min,术中出血量（551.73±241.62） ml,明显多于对照组的（314.46±156.72） ml,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组术后Harris评分、KPS生活质量评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞ 0.05）.结论 老年移位型股骨颈骨折Ⅰ期行THR手术风险低于内固定失效后再行THR,但在术后髋关节功能恢复及提高患者生活质量方面两种方法相似.     

人工髋关节置换术对比空心钉内固定术治疗老年髋部骨折的临床效果

目的:研究空心钉内固定术和人工髋关节置换术治疗老年髋部骨折的临床效果.方法:本次研究选取2016年3月~2017年3月在本院治疗的老年髋部骨折的80例患者.患者被归类为人工髋关节置换术组(观察组):40例患者采用人工髋关节置换术方案治疗;空心钉内固定术组(对照组):40例患者采取空心钉内固定术方案治疗.结果:①经过治疗发现人工髋关节置换术组患者术中出血量对比空心钉内固定术组具有明显优势,P<0.05;②经过治疗发现人工髋关节置换术组术后负重时间对比空心钉内固定术组具有明显优势,P<0.05;③经过治疗发现人工髋关节置换术组骨折愈合时间对比空心钉内固定术组具有明显优势,P<0.05;④经过治疗发现人工髋关节置换术组住院时间对比空心钉内固定术组具有明显优势,P<0.05.结论:采用人工髋关节置换术的方法可以使老年髋部骨折患者手术情况更好,术中出血量、术后负重时间、骨折愈合时间等标准比采用空心钉内固定术的方法理想,临床治疗效果更为突出.     

Relationships between body mass indices and surgical replacements of knee and hip joints

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis is both the most common form of arthritis and the most common reason for joint replacement surgery. Obese persons are believed to be more likely to develop generalized osteoarthritis that leads not only to knee but also to hip joint replacement surgeries. We hypothesized that obesity is also a risk for partial joint replacements and surgical revisions. METHODS: A frequency-matched case-control study was conducted in Utah. Between 1992 and 2000, 840 hip and 911 knee joint replacement surgery patients, aged 55 to 74 years, were included in this study. Cases were randomly matched to 5578 controls, defined as Utah residents enrolled in a cancer screening trial. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision) procedural codes and body mass index (BMI) groups. RESULTS: There was a strong association between increasing BMI and both total hip and knee replacement procedures. In males, the highest OR was for those weighing 37.50 to 39.99 kg/m(2) (total hip: OR=9.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.64-33.31; total knee: OR=16.40; 95% CI 5, 19-51.86). In females, the highest OR was for those weighing > or =40 kg/m(2) (total hip: OR=4.47; 95% CI, 2.13-9.37; total knee: OR=19.05; 95% CI, 9.79-37.08). There were slight gender-specific differences in risk found for partial hip replacement procedures. Unexpectedly, no statistically significant association was found between obesity and the risk for hip or knee revision procedures. CONCLUSIONS: While there is an association between obesity and hip and knee joint replacement surgeries, obesity does not appear to confer an independent risk for hip or knee revision procedures.     

人工髋关节置换术对比内固定术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床效果

目的:研究内固定术和人工髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床效果.方法:本次研究选取2017年6月~2017年12月在本院治疗的老年股骨颈骨折患者68例.患者被归类为人工髋关节置换术组(观察组):34例患者,采用人工髋关节置换术方案治疗;内固定术组(对照组):34例患者,采取内固定术方案治疗.结果:①经过治疗发现人工髋关节置换术组患者手术所用时间对比内固定术组具有明显优势,P<0.05.②经过治疗发现人工髋关节置换术组术中出血量对比内固定术组具有明显优势,P<0.05.③经过治疗发现人工髋关节置换术组下床活动所用时间对比内固定术组具有明显优势,P<0.05.结论:采用人工髋关节置换术的方法治疗老年股骨颈骨折情况更好,手术时间、术中出血量及下床活动时间等标准比采用内固定术的方法理想,临床治疗效果更为突出.     

2型糖尿病患者血清维生素D水平及相关研究

目的 了解2型糖尿病患者血清维生素D水平的变化,并探讨其在2型糖尿病患者代谢紊乱中的作用及与其他代谢指标的关系.方法 按WHO 1999年关于糖尿病诊断标准筛选初发2型糖尿病患者70例,并按2002年国际肥胖特别工作组亚洲成年人标准,根据体质指数(BMI)分为2型糖尿病A组(BMI≥25.00 kg/m2) 32例和2型糖尿病B组(BMI＜ 25.00 kg/m2)38例,另筛选健康人33例作为对照组,检测人体参数和测量生化指标,用酶联免疫吸附试验法测定血清25羟基维生素D3 [25 (OH)D3]水平,对三组进行比较.结果 2型糖尿病A组血清25 (OH)D3水平为(20.59±4.82)μg/L,2型糖尿病B组为(27.07±5.73) μg/L,对照组为(32.27±8.49)μg/L,三组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2型糖尿病患者血压正常者43例,血清25(OH)D3水平(25.51±6.12)μg/L,高血压者27例,血清25 (OH)D3水平(21.87±5.78)μg/L,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);2型糖尿病患者血脂正常者8例,血清25(OH)D3水平(28.42±5.20)μg/I,血脂异常者62例,血清25 (OH)D3水平(23.55±6.15)μg/L,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).25(OH)D3与体重、腰围、BMI、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关(P＜0.01或＜0.05),与甲状旁腺素、钙、磷、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、年龄无明显相关性(P＞0.05).结论 2型糖尿病患者血清维生素D水平降低,尤其是伴有肥胖、高血压、血脂异常者血清维生素D水平降低更明显.     

初发2型糖尿病肥胖患者体重管理的5年效果及对血糖的影响

目的 了解二甲双胍在初发2型糖尿病患者,特别是肥胖和超重患者体重管理的5年效果及对血糖影响.方法 于我院门诊选取新诊断或病程在1年之内的2型糖尿病患者,无急性并发症,入选患者均符合1999年WHO的糖尿病诊断标准,我们从中筛选人组时使用二甲双胍的患者61例,患者平均年龄（50.8±7.9）岁,男性38例,女性23例,根据体质指数将初发2型糖尿病患者分为肥胖组,超重组和正常组,回顾性分析临床诊疗中二甲双胍管理体重的总体效果,采用重复测量资料的方差分析和多元方差分析,比较各组5年随访期间体重的变化趋势以及对血糖的影响.结果受试者随访2年时BMI下降明显[（26.4±2.7）vs.（25.7±2.6）kg/m2,P＜0.05],与此同时空腹血糖（FBS）和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1 c）都有明显下降,与基线相比差异有统计学意义.随访期间肥胖组和超重组体重明显下降,随访2年时分别下降1.5 kg/m2和0.8 kg/m2,与基线相比有统计学意义,而正常组体重则略有上升（0.7 kg/m2）.基线时肥胖组的FBS和HbA1c相对于正常组低（FBS 7.3±0.8vs.11.8±4.8,P＜0.05;HbA1c 6.8±1.2 vs.8.5±3.1,P＜0.05）,而胰岛素水平则高于正常组（2.20±0.36 vs.1.87±0.29,P＜0.05）.随访2年时肥胖组HbA1c降低的幅度最大,肥胖组、超重组、正常组分别平均降低2.5％,1.4％和1.9％,此时肥胖组与正常组胰岛素水平相近.结论 在初发2型糖尿病肥胖和超重患者中使用二甲双胍进行体重的管理,可以明显减轻体重,进而通过改善高胰岛素水平状态有效的降低血糖,最终达到体重和血糖的双重受益.     

小切口与标准切口全髋关节置换术早期疗效的比较

目的 比较小切口全关节置换术与标准切口全关节置换术的临床疗效.方法 将2007年1月～2010年12月本院收治的需行髋关节置换术的患者85例随机分为微创组和标准组,微创组39例,行小切口全髋关节置换术,切口长度≤10 cm;标准组46例,行标准切口全关节置换术,切口长度＞10 cm.记录两组患者术中失血量、平均手术时间,术后第2天平均红细胞压积、C反应蛋白及患侧大腿中部周径增加值和术后4周Harris评分.结果 （1）微创组术中平均失血量小于标准组,平均手术时间短于标准组（P〈0.05）.（2）术后第2天微创组患者红细胞压积、C反应蛋白和术后Harris评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,患侧大腿中部周径增加值显著低于标准组（P〈0.05）.（3）两组患者髋臼假体及股骨柄假体位置良好,疗效间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 应用小切口全关节置换术术中出血量小,对患者创伤较小,治疗效果与传统标准切口手术无明显差异.