有创和无创方法治疗分泌性中耳炎的临床研究

目的 比较有创和无创方法治疗分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效.方法 将76例(94耳)分泌性中耳炎患者按随机数字表法分为两组,有创组38例(48耳),无创组38例(46耳).有创组行耳内窥镜下鼓膜切开置管抽取积液,并用α-糜蛋白酶和地塞米松溶液冲洗1～2次;无创组行鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管吹张并经咽鼓管咽口注入糜蛋白酶和地塞米松1～2次.比较两组的临床疗效.结果 随访6～12个月,有创组总有效率为95.8%(46/48),无创组总有效率为93.5%(43/46),两组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);有创组鼓室导抗图恢复正常时间为(37.5±5.9)d,无创组为(38.6±6.1)d,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);有创组纯音测听检查听力提高(20.4±2.7)dB,无创组纯音测听检查听力提高(19.9±2.5)dB,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 有创和无创方法治疗分泌性中耳炎均有满意效果,医师可以根据患者具体情况选择合适的方案.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the clinical effects of invasive and non-invasive therapy in treatment of otitis media with effusion. Methods Seventy-six patients (94 ears) with otitis media with effusion were divided into two groups by random digits table. The invasive group (38 cases, 48 ears) was treated by oto-endoscopic myringotomy and grommet insertion and chymotrypsin with dexamethasone washing for 1-2 times; and the non-invasive group (38 cases, 46 ears) was treated by eustachian tube blowing under nasal endoscopy and injecting chymotrypsin and dexamethasone for 1-2 times. The clinical effects between the two groups were compared. Results The patients were followed up for 6-12 months. The total effective rate was 95.8%(46/48) in the invasive group and 93.5%(43/46) in the non-invasive group, the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05 ). The ear pressure chart recovery time was (37.5 ± 5.9) d in the invasive group and (38.6 ± 6.1 ) d in the non-invasive group, the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05 ). The pure tone audiometry hearing improved ( 20.4 ± 2.7 ) dB in the invasive group and ( 19.9 ±2.5) dB in the non-invasive group, the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion Both of invasive and non-invasive therapy in treatment of otitis media with effusion have good results, the doctors should choose the appropriate solution according to the patients' condition.     

剖宫产术与阴道助产术在足月妊娠临产胎儿窘迫中的应用

Objective To observe the application of cesarean section and vaginal delivery in parturient term pregnancy with fetal distress. Methods One hundred and six cases of parturient term pregnancy with fetal distress were selected, SO cases of cesarean section as group A, 56 cases of vaginal delivery as group B, newborn outcome and condition of the large maternal cervix data when fetal distress between two groups were compared. Results The neonatal asphyxia rate was 14.0% (7/50) in group A and 16.1 % (9/56 ) in group B, there was no significant difference between two groups (P＞0.05); the rate of the large maternal cervix data in delitescence in group A was higher than that in group B [54.0% (27/50) vs. 26.8% (15/56) ](P＜ 0.05); the rate of the large maternal cervix data in active stage deceleration phase in group A was lower than that in group B [4.0%(2/50) vs. 23.2%(13/56)](P＜0.05). Conclusion Cesarean section and vaginal delivery in parturient term pregnancy with fetal distress can get a good neonatal outcomes, maternal clinical condition should select the appropriate surgical approach, and effort to reduce cesarean section rates.     

快速康复外科在结直肠癌手术中的应用

目的 探讨快速康复外科在结直肠癌手术中的应用.方法 选取80例结直肠癌手术患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例,分别采用快速康复外科治疗及传统方法 治疗,比较两组术后首次排气、排便时间及住院时间、术后并发症发生率、再住院率及住院费用.结果 观察组首次排气、排便时间及住院时间[分别为(2.7±0.9)、(2.9±0.1)、(5.8±1.0)d]明显短于对照组[分别为(3.9±0.5)、(4.2±0.3)、(8.3±1.2)d],术后并发症发生率[7.5%(3/40)]及住院费用[(1.83±0.22)万元]也明显低于对照组[分别为27.5%(11/40)、(2.35±0.36)万元],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 采用快速康复外科技术可以有效促进结直肠癌患者术后胃肠道功能的恢复,减少并发症的发生并节省住院费用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the feasibility of fast-track surgery in colorectal surgery.Methods Eighty consecutive patients with colorectal cancer admitted for colorectal surgery were divided into two groups by random digits table with 40 cases each. Group A was treated with the new concept of fasttrack surgery and group B was treated with the traditional methods of operation. The time of postoperative bowel venting and defecation,hospital stay time, the rate of complication, the rate of readmission and the total cost during hospitalization were compared. Results The time of postoperative bowel venting and defecation,hospital stay time were shorter in group A [(2.7 ± 0.9), (2.9 ± 0.1 ), (5.8 ± 1.0) d,respectively]than those in group B [( 3.9 ± 0.5 ), (4.2 ± 0.3 ), ( 8.3 ± 1.2) d, respectively] and the rate of complication and the total cost during hospitalization in group A [7.5%(3/40), ( 1.83 ± 0.22) ten thousand yuan] were lower than those in group B[27.5%(11/40), (2.35 ± 0.36) ten thousand yuan](P＜ 0.05). Conclusion The new concept of fast-track surgery can accelerate recovery after colorectal resection,reduce the rate of overall complications and total cost during hospitalization.     

高选择性α1受体阻滞剂在输尿管结石体外冲击波碎石术后辅助治疗中的应用

目的 探讨高选择性α1受体阻滞剂在输尿管结石体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)术后辅助治疗中的临床应用价值.方法 将120例输尿管结石采用ESWL治疗后的患者按随机数字表法分为三组,每组40例.坦索罗辛组给予高选择性α1受体阻滞剂坦索罗辛0.4 mg,1次/d;多沙唑嗪组给予选择性α1受体阻滞剂多沙唑嗪4 mg,1次/d;对照组为空白对照组,未给予任何输尿管平滑肌松弛剂.每例患者的观察时间为2周.结果 共有4例患者因药物不良反应而退出.坦索罗辛组、多沙唑嗪组的排石率[分别为89.7%(35/39)、83.8%(31/37)]均明显高于对照组[65.0%(26/40)](P＜0.05);排石时间[分别为(3.1±1.2)、(3.7±1.4)d]均明显短于对照组[(6.5±1.1)d](P＜0.05);肾绞痛发生率[分别为12.8%(5/39)、21.6%(8/37)]、石街形成率[分别为7.7%(3/39)、13.5%(5/37)]均明显低于对照组[45.0%(18/40)和40.0%(16/40)](P＜0.05).坦索罗辛组和多沙唑嗪组临床疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).坦索罗辛组中仅1例患者出现体位性低血压,多沙唑嗪组7例患者出现体位性低血压,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 输尿管结石ESWL术后使用高选择性α1受体阻滞剂辅助治疗有助于结石的排出,明显缩短排石时间,减少肾绞痛发生率,且安全,患者可以耐受,可推荐作为输尿管结石ESWL术后的辅助排石方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application of highly selective alpha 1-blockers in treatment of ureteral stone after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Methods One hundred and twenty patients with ureteral stone who accepted ESWL were divided into three groups by random digits table,each 40 cases. Tamsulosin group received tamsulosin (0.4 mg,once daily) after ESWL,doxazosin group received doxazosin (4 mg,once daily) ,control group were given no ureteral smooth musclar relaxant served. All patients were observed for 2 weeks. Results During the 2 weeks, only 4 patients withdrew due to adverse drug reactions. In tamsulosin group and doxazosin group, the stones expulsion rate [89.7%(35/39), 83.8%(31/37) respectively] were significantly higher than control group [65.0%(26/40)] (P＜0.05), the expulsion time [(3.1-1.2), (3.7 ± 1.4) d] were significantly lower than control group [(6.5 ±1.1) d] (P ＜0.05),the incidence of renal colic [12.8%(5/39), 21.6%(8/37)] and the stone street formation rate [7.7% (3/39), 13.5% (5/37)] were significantly lower than control group [45.0% (18/40) and 40.0% (16/40)] (P ＜ 0.05). But there was no significant difference between tamsulosin group and doxazosin group (P ＞ 0.05). Orthostatic hypotension occurred in 1 patient in tamsulosin group, but 7 patients experienced orthostatic hypotension in doxazosin group,the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Highly selective alpha 1-blockers can improve the stone-free rate of ureteral stone after ESWL,reduce expulsion time,decrease renal colic rate,and it is safe and tolerated. It can be regarded as an auxiliary clearance method after ESWL for ureteral stone.     

荧光定量PCR对血及痰培养物中结核分枝杆菌DNA的检测

Objective To evaluate if fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) detection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in blood or sputum culture can help tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Methods A total of 81 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis but sputum negative were enrolled, 40 were tuberculosis group and 41 coexisting HIV were HIV-TB group. Blood and sputum were cultured for bacilli or L-forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and FQ-PCR was used to detected bacilli DNA. Results For pulmonary tuberculosis group, 54.1 %(20/37) were positive for bacilli or Informs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by FQ-PCR, 27.5% (11/40) were positive in blood culture, 22.5%(9/40) were positive in blood by FQ-PCR, and the total positive rate of blood was 42.5% (17/40). But for HIV-TB group, only 2 positive cultures were found in 10 sputum, the positive rate of blood culture was 7.3% (3/41), and the positive rate of blood was 17.1%(7/41) by FQ-PCR. There was no significant difference between two groups in the positive rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by FQ-PCR after blood cultures (P > 0.05). The total positive rates detected by FQ-PCR of sputum or blood cultures were 65.0% (26/40) and 22.0% (9/41) respectively, and there was significant difference between two groups( χ2 = 15.305, P < 0.01). Conclusions FQ-PCR for blood or sputum culture detection appears to be a useful method to diagnose TB in persons with or without HIV infection. The use of FQ-PCR significantly enhance the efficiency of the etiological diagnosis of sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis.     

荧光定量PCR对血及痰培养物中结核分枝杆菌DNA的检测

Objective To evaluate if fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) detection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in blood or sputum culture can help tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Methods A total of 81 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis but sputum negative were enrolled, 40 were tuberculosis group and 41 coexisting HIV were HIV-TB group. Blood and sputum were cultured for bacilli or L-forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and FQ-PCR was used to detected bacilli DNA. Results For pulmonary tuberculosis group, 54.1 %(20/37) were positive for bacilli or Informs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by FQ-PCR, 27.5% (11/40) were positive in blood culture, 22.5%(9/40) were positive in blood by FQ-PCR, and the total positive rate of blood was 42.5% (17/40). But for HIV-TB group, only 2 positive cultures were found in 10 sputum, the positive rate of blood culture was 7.3% (3/41), and the positive rate of blood was 17.1%(7/41) by FQ-PCR. There was no significant difference between two groups in the positive rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by FQ-PCR after blood cultures (P > 0.05). The total positive rates detected by FQ-PCR of sputum or blood cultures were 65.0% (26/40) and 22.0% (9/41) respectively, and there was significant difference between two groups( χ2 = 15.305, P < 0.01). Conclusions FQ-PCR for blood or sputum culture detection appears to be a useful method to diagnose TB in persons with or without HIV infection. The use of FQ-PCR significantly enhance the efficiency of the etiological diagnosis of sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis.     

Comparison of the early follicular long-term protocol and antagonist protocol in unexplained infertility patients北大核心CSCD

Objective To investigate the clinical effects and pregnancy outcomes of the early follicular long-term protocol and antagonist protocol in the treatment of unexplained infertility patients. Methods From January 2018 to January 2019, 642 cases of unexplained infertility patients with early follicular long-term protocol and antagonist protocol in in vitro fertilization/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) were collected using the clinical assisted reproductive technologies management system software database of the Department of Reproductive Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Patients were divided into early follicular long-term protocol (n=283) and antagonist protocol (n=359) groups. The clinical outcomes of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively, including the implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate, and the live birth rate. Furthermore, the pregnancy outcomes of different age and body mass index (BMI) patients were further analyzed. Results 1) The BMI in the antagonist protocol group was higher than that in early follicular long-term protocol group [(22.17±2.96) kg/m2vs. (21.68±2.29) kg/m2, P=0.018]. The other based data did not exhibit remarkable difference between the two groups (P>0.05). 2) The starting dosage of gonadotropin (Gn) in early follicular long-term protocol group was less than that of antagonist group [(149.74± 36.24) IU vs. (177.97±38.85) IU, P<0.001]. While the total duration and dosage of Gn used in early follicular long-term protocol group were significantly higher than those in antagonist group [(11.93± 2.26) d vs. (8.86±1.45) d, P<0.001; (1 908.35±632.36) IU vs. (1 638.57±497.23) IU, P<0.001). The cleavage embryo implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate and the live pregnancy rate in fresh cycle in early follicular long-term protocol group were significantly higher than those in the antagonist group [57.14% (152/266) vs. 39.53% (68/172), P<0.001; 66.48% (121/182) vs. 51.72% (60/116), P=0.011; 59.89% (109/182) vs. 40.52% (47/116), P=0.001]. The incidence of moderate and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome between the two groups were not statistically different (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that different protocols and age were both risk factors for clinical pregnancy and live birth of cleavage embryo transfer [2.261 (95% CI=1.333-3.836), P=0.002; 0.928(95% CI=0.869-0.991), P=0.026; 2.598(95% CI=1.535-4.397), P<0.001; 0.906(95% CI=0.849-0.967), P=0.003]. 3) In patients under 35 years old, the clinical pregnancy rate and the live birth rate in early follicular long-term protocol group were higher than those of the antagonist group, but there was no statistical difference (all P>0.05). The fresh embryo cycle implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate and the live birth rate of 35-39 years old patients in the early follicular long-term protocol group were higher than those in the antagonist group, but there was no statistical difference (all P>0.05). 4) In normal BMI group, the implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate and the live birth rate in early follicular long-term protocol group were significantly higher than those in the antagonist group [55.71% (122/219) vs. 37.82% (45/119), P=0.002; 63.58% (96/151) vs. 46.99% (39/83), P=0.014; 58.94% (89/151) vs. 39.76% (33/83), P=0.005]. In the overweight population, the implantation rate and the clinical pregnancy rate in early follicular long-term protocol group were significantly higher than those in the antagonist group [68.09% (32/47) vs. 43.40% (23/53), P=0.013; 81.25% (26/32) vs. 57.14% (20/35), P=0.034], but there was no statistically significant difference in the live birth rate (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with the antagonist protocol, early follicular long-term protocol for unexplained infertility patients may achieve higher clinical pregnancy outcomes in IVF fresh cycle, but it could increased the duration of descending, the duration and dosage of Gn used. © 2021 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltdg. All rights reserved.     

经尿道二次电切术对浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的应用分析

目的 探讨经尿道二次电切术对浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的作用.方法 将120例经尿道等离子电切术治疗的浅表性膀胱癌患者采取机械抽样法随机分为两组,每组60例,试验组于首次电切术后4周进行二次电切术,外加丝裂霉素膀胱灌注化疗;对照组于首次电切术后加丝裂霉素膀胱灌注化疗.所有患者术后每3个月行膀胱镜复检,记录肿瘤复发的时间及数量、部位、大小等情况.结果 随访6～24(12.0±6.5)个月,试验组复发13例(21.7%,13/60),对照组复发38例(63.3%,38/60),试验组总体复发率较对照组明显降低(P＜0.01).试验组高级别肿瘤(G2～G3)复发率为26.2%(11/42),对照组为70.0%(35/50),试验组高级别肿瘤复发率较对照组明显降低(P＜0.01).结论 经尿道二次电切术可以降低浅表性膀胱癌(尤其是高级别肿瘤)的术后复发率,可以更准确地进行肿瘤分期和发现残存肿瘤,在临床治疗中有应用价值.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of repeat transurethral resection for superficial bladder cancer. Methods One hundred and twenty patients who were newly diagnosed superficial bladder cancer were divided randomly in to two groups by mechanical sampling method,60 patients underwent second of prostate TUPKVP 4 weeks after initial transurethral and received adjuvant MMC intravesically (experiment group) and the other 60 patients received adjuvant MMC following the initial TUPKVP(control group). The two groups were followed up by cystoscopy at 3-month intervals,and then compared the recurrences between the two groups. Carcinoma in situ or muscle invasive disease were excluded from the study. Results Mean following up time was 6-24 (12.0 ±6.5) months, within the following up period,recurrence was observed in 13 (21.7%, 13/60) patients in experiment group and in 38 (63.3%,38/60)patients in control group, there was signiticantly statistical difference between the two groups (P＜ 0.01). Of all the recurrences, the recurrence rate of high grade tumor was 26.2% (11/42) in experiment group and 70.0% (35/50) in control group,the recurrence rate in experiment group was obviously less than that in control group (P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions Repeat transurethral resection can lower the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer (especially for the high grade tumor) which with initial resection, it can improve the classification of malignant rumor, and find the residual tumor, so it has value in clinical treatment.     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性输尿管结石

目的 探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性输尿管结石的疗效.方法 采用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性输尿管结石56例,其中输尿管上段结石15例,中下段结石41例,体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)失败25例,合并高热8例.结果 56例患者中,中下段结石均一次完全粉碎,成功率100.0%(41/41).上段结石一次完全粉碎10例,成功率66.7%(10/15).3例结石术中移位至肾脏,后辅以ESWL治疗1～2次,1例进镜困难终止手术,1例因输尿管穿孔改行开放手术.术后4周结石总清除率87.5%(49/56).8例合并高热者均急诊手术,7例一次结石粉碎成功,1例结石移位至肾脏,但梗阻均经手术得以解除,术后高热停止.输尿管穿孔发生率为1.8%(1/56).结论 输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗复杂性输尿管结石安全、有效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy for treatment of complicated ureteral calculi. Methods Clinical data of 56 cases with complicated ureteral calculi who were treated with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy was reviewed. Among them 15 cases were proximal ureteral calculi,41 cases were middle and distal ureteral calculi. Treatment by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) failed in 25 cases,8 cases complicated with fever. Results In 41 cases with middle and distal ureteral calculi, successful lithotripsy was achieved after the first treatment session,the success rate was 100.0% (41/41). In 15 cases with proximal ureteral calculi ,successful lithotripsy was achieved in 10 cases after the first treatment session,the success rate was 66.7%(l0/15). Calculi migrated to kidney in 3 cases who treated by ESWL for 1-2 times. The failure was due to ureteral kink in 1 case and due to ureteral perforation that required surgical repair in another case. Forty-nine cases were calculi-free after 4 weeks,the calculi-free rate was 87.5%(49/56). Emergency operation was performed in 8 cases complicated with fever. Successful lithotripsy was achieved after the first treatment session in 7 cases. In one patient,calculi migration occurred. Within all 8 cases obstruction was released and fever was allayed after operation.The complication rate was 1.8% (1/56). Conclusion Ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy for treatment of complicated ureteral calculi is a safe and effective method.     

普鲁泊福复合不同剂量瑞芬太尼应用于非肌松剂气管插管的观察

Objective To observe the impacts on the patients with cardiovascular responses when applying propofol combined with different dose of remifentanil in tracheal intubation without the use of muscle relaxants for anesthesia induction. Methods Sixty patients undergoing selective general anesthesia operation of ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ non-heart and brain surgery were divided into three groups by random digits table, and 20 cases for each group. Target-controlled infusion of remifentanil with respective plasma concentration of 2 ng/ml (group Ⅰ ), 3 ng/ml (group Ⅱ ) and 4 ng/ml (group Ⅲ). Target-controlled infusion of propofol after infusion of remifentanil for 5 min (3 μg/ml of plasma target concentration). The mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR), intubation conditions and success rate of patients in different groups before induction(T1), at the beginning moment of propofol(T2),at the immediate moment before tracheal intubation (T3) and at the time of 1 min after tracheal intubation (T4). Results The grade of tracheal intubation was (10.5 ±2.9), (7.6 ±2.3), (5.8 ± 1.2) scores and the success rate of the first intubation was 50%( 10/20), 80%(16/20), 100%(20/20) in group Ⅰ ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ , there were significant differences among three groups (P＜ 0.05),group Ⅲ was superior to group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P＜0.05). Comparing T2 and Tj,HR in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ slowed down significantly ( P ＜ 0.05), and in group Ⅲ slowed down more significantly (P＜0.05). Comparing T4 and T3,HR in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ quickened significantly, and group Ⅰ was higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P＜ 0.05). Comparing T3 and T2,MAP decreased significantly among three groups,comparing T4 and T3, MAP increased significantly in group Ⅰ which was higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Without the use of muscle relaxants, propofol combined with remifentanil for 3-4 ng/ml can better restrain the tracheal intubation stress responses and won't cause significant cycle inhibition. They benefit to maintain the smooth intubation process of anesthesia induction.     

经皮肾穿刺微造瘘取石术治疗复杂性肾结石120例临床观察及体会

目的：探讨经皮肾穿刺微造瘘取石术治疗复杂性肾结石的临床疗效与安全性。方法：选择于2009年2月-2011年2月在本院治疗的复杂性肾结石患者120例,随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组60例,治疗组以经皮肾穿刺微造瘘取石术治疗,对照组以常规体外碎石术进行治疗,两组患者术前均给予相应的止痛、解痉、抗炎、补液、中药等对症治疗,对比两组患者的治疗有效率、并发症与不良反应的发生率和住院时间,并于术后1个月进行KUB检查,术后6个月比较两组患者的复发率。结果：治疗结束后,治疗组一次性碎石52例,两次碎石5例,单通道取石55例,多通道取石2例,结石清除率为95%,术中平均出血（145±36）ml,平均手术时间（104±21）min,平均住院时间（6.5±2.3）d,术中无大出血、脏器损伤等并发症,无一例死亡,穿刺成功率为100%,术后大部分患者有轻、中度血尿,3d后自动好转,术后6个月随访有2例复发。对照组一次性碎石21例,两次及以上碎石12例,结石清除率为55%,平均手术时间（96±6）min,平均住院时间（14±2.3）d,无一例死亡,术后大部分患者有轻、中度血尿,3d后好转,患者发热4例、肾绞痛2例、咳血1例,术后6个月随访有9例复发。结论：经皮肾穿刺微造瘘取石术治疗复杂性肾结石具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少、复发率低的优点,值得临床推广。     

超声引导微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的临床研究

目的探讨超声引导下经皮肾镜取石术的临床疗效和安全性。方法将68例肾结石患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组各34例,研究组采用超声引导下经皮肾镜取石术,对照组采取肾窦内肾盂切开取石术,比较两组患者术中平均输血量、平均手术时间、术后并发症发生情况、结石清除率、结石复发率、下床活动时间及住院时间等。结果①研究组术中平均输血量为（242.3±107.4）ml,平均手术时间为（1.1±0.5）h;对照组患者术中平均输血量为（861.8±132.5）ml,平均手术时间为（2.6±1.0）h,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。②研究组结石清除率为94.1%,结石复发率为11.8%;对照组结石清除率为88.2%,结石复发率为14.7%（P〉0.05）;研究组并发症发生率为29.4%,对照组并发症发生率为55.9%（P〈0.05）。③研究组患者下床活动时间为（6.4±2.0）d,平均住院时间为（14.5±5.1）d;对照组患者下床活动时间为（12.8±4.8）d,平均住院时间为（25.7±7.8）d（P〈0.05）。结论超声引导下经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石操作简便,使用安全,对患者创伤较小,值得临床上广泛推广。     

彩超引导下微创经皮肾镜治疗复杂性上尿路结石

目的评价彩超引导下微创经皮肾镜治疗复杂性上尿路结石的安全性及有效性。方法从2009年1月至2012年3月,207例复杂性上尿路结石(肾鹿角型结石85例、肾多发性结石81例、肾结石并输尿管上段结石35例、马蹄肾结石6例)在彩超引导下行微创经皮肾镜碎石术。结果 207例均手术成功,无中转开放手术者。一期碎石取净结石155例,二期碎石取净结石32例,一期清石率74.88%(155/207),总结石清除率90.34%(187/207),20例残余肾结石,术后行ESWL辅助治疗。3例患者术后反复出血,经选择性或超选择性肾动脉栓塞止血后治愈出院。结论彩超引导下微创经皮肾镜治疗复杂性上尿路结石具有安全、有效和创伤小等优点。     

微创经皮肾输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗上尿路结石疗效观察

目的探讨微创经皮肾输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗肾脏与输尿管上段结石的方法与疗效。方法采用微创经皮肾输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石上尿路结石45例。结果2004年6月~2006年3月,采用Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期或分步微创经皮肾输尿管镜手术成功处理45例上尿路结石,其中包括鹿角型结石、多发性肾结石、ESWL治疗失败、孤立肾结石、开放取石手术后复发、输尿管上段结石。肾结石清除率为91.7%,输尿管结石清除率为88.9%。随访2~12个月,无严重手术并发症发生。结论微创经皮肾输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗上尿路结石具有微创损伤、恢复快、并发症少、安全高效、结石清除率高的优点。     

经皮肾镜钬激光治疗复杂肾结石35例临床体会

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术（mPCNL）治疗复杂性肾结石的方法与效果。方法回顾性分析2008年8月～2010年8月笔者所在医院mPCNL治疗35例复杂性肾结石患者的临床资料,术后随访并评价1个月结石清除率。结果35例患者手术均成功,无1例中转开腹手术。无肾切除、肾功能受损、感染性休克等严重并发症;1个月结石清除率为80％（28／35）。结论微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石具有结石清除率高、创伤小、恢复快、并发症低等优点,是复杂性肾结石的首选治疗方法。     

两种微创手术治疗体外碎石失败后的输尿管上段结石的对照分析

目的比较两种微创手术治疗体外碎石失败后的输尿管上段结石的疗效。方法回顾分析2004年6月～2010年2月某院行体外碎石治疗失败后237例输尿管上段结石患者,采用微创经皮肾穿刺取石术与经尿道输尿管镜碎石术治疗,对比两种方法的临床疗效。其中143例采用MPCNL进行治疗;94例采用URL治疗后,32例接受辅助的ESWL治疗。结果 MPCNL组术后3d结石清除率为95.8%(137/143),术后1个月结石清除率为100%(143/143)。URL术后3d结石清除率为32.7%(31/94),术后1个月的结石清除率为90.5%(85/94),均显著低于MPCNL组(P=0.0006)。结论微创经皮肾穿刺取石治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石有很高的结石清除率;经尿道输尿管镜手术治疗效果稍差,可以联合体外冲击波碎石来提高疗效。     

微创经皮肾结石切开取出术治疗复杂性上尿路结石106例疗效分析

目的　探讨腔镜治疗复杂性上尿路结石的方法和疗效 ,提高治疗水平。方法　B超引导经皮肾穿刺建立 16F大小皮肾通道 ,使用 8/ 9 8F输尿管肾镜 ,结合电子弹道碎石 ,经皮肾通道治疗复杂性肾结石5 0例、输尿管上段结石 5 6例。结果　Ⅰ期肾穿刺取石术 98例 ,Ⅱ期取石术 8例 ,无中转开放性手术。建立一通道 96例 ,二通道 8例 ,三通道 2例。手术时间 0 5h～ 3 5h ,平均 2 0h。肾结石取净率 88% ,结合ESWL治疗肾结石清除率 94 % ,输尿管结石取净率 10 0 %。术中输血 2例。拔除输尿管后需相应手术治疗处理肾输尿管病变 3例。结论　微创PCNL疗效确切 ,创伤小、康复快、并发症少 ,配合ESWL可进一步提高疗效 ,是治疗复杂性肾、输尿管上段结石的理想方法 ,值得推广应用     

多通道经皮肾镜治疗复杂型肾结石的临床研究

目的 100例采用多通道经皮肾镜治疗复杂型肾结石进行研究和分析.方法 料选自本院2011年1月-2012年6月收治的复杂型肾结石患者100例,分为两组,研究组患者采用彩超引导下多通道经皮肾镜对其进行治疗,对照组采用X线定位对其患者进行治疗,并对临床疗效进行分析.结果 究组清石率明显高于对照组清石率,研究组清石率为96.00％,对照组清石率为82.00％;研究组手术时间、平均手术时间与术中的平均出血量均明显低于对照组手术时间、平均手术时间及术中平均的出血量;研究组1月无患者复发,对照组3例复发,复发率为7.31％,比较均有差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 超引导下多通道经皮肾镜治疗复杂型肾结石,术中的出血量小,术后并发症的发生率较低,缩短患者住院时间,降低住院成本,具有重要意义.     

微创经皮肾输尿管镜术治疗肾结石508例

目的探讨微创经皮肾输尿管镜取石术治疗肾结石的疗效。方法采用经皮肾输尿管镜取石术治疗肾结石患者508例。结果468例行一期穿刺取石,40例行二期取石,补充体外冲击波碎石（ESWL）治疗31例。所有病例均为单通道取石,结石清除率91．7％,手术时间平均为87min,平均住院时间11d。未发生大出血、肾功能损害等严重并发症。结论微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）治疗肾结石安全高效,具有创伤小、恢复快、结石清除率高等优点,是治疗肾结石的一种好方法。     

微创经皮肾穿刺取石术与经尿道输尿管镜碎石术对输尿管上段结石的疗效对比

目的对比观察微创经皮肾穿刺取石术(MPCNL)与经尿道输尿管镜碎石术(URL)治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效。方法 85例嵌顿性输尿管上段结石患者随机分成观察组和对照组,分别采用MPCNL治疗和URL治疗,统计并比较两组的住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量、结石清除率及并发症发生情况。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间分别为(64.3±15.6)min、(123.5±38.2)ml、(13.2±2.1)d,均显著高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);观察组术后3 d和术后1月结石清除率分别为93.0%和97.7%,均显著高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论 MPCNL治疗输尿管上段嵌顿结石疗效可靠,并发症少,可作为输尿管上段嵌顿结石的首选治疗方法。