Attitudes of Family Planning Workers toward Setting Up Special Counseling Stations for Unmarried Young Adults

Objective To understand attitudes of family planning workers to setting up special counseling stations for unmarried young adults and to identify the acceptable and feasible ways to provide the services for unmarried young adults in eight provinces/cities in China.Methods From May 1998 to December 1998, 1 927 family planning workers including 965 contraceptive providers and 962 contraceptive distributors were recruited for questionnaire survey in eight provinces/cities in China.Results Except the subjects from Hebei Province, over 70% of all the subjects from other provinces/cities thought it was necessary to have a special counseling station set up for unmarried young adults, while 10—20% of them opposed to it. Result of Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that where the subjects came from, were contraceptive distributors, have higher education level, younger than 50, expressed tolerance for premarital sex, perceived that unmarried young adults had no or inadequate knowledge about sexuality and considered it was difficult for unmarried young adults to obtain contraceptive methods, were more likely to support the establishment of special counseling stations for unmarried youth. The acceptable and feasible ways to provide contraceptive services varied from one province/city to another. Generally, family planning counseling stations and hospital were the most acceptable place to provide counseling services for unmarried young adults in eight provinces/cities. Specially trained persons were recommended as the suitable persons for providing the services for unmarried young adults. Conclusion It is acceptable and feasible to set up special counseling stations for unmarried young adults.     

How the Reproductive Health Needs of Unmarried Youth Be Concerned in Quality Services in Family Planning/ Reproductive Health？

Since the Cairo International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in 1994 and the Beijing World Women Conference in 1995, new thoughts and conceptions have been introduced to China’s family planning/ reproductive health (FP/RH). It is advocat…     

Influence of Parental Factors on Sex-related Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice in Unmarried Youth

Objective To explore the influence of parental factors on sexual and reproductive health awareness, attitudes to pre-marital sex, and pre-marital sexual activity among unmarried youth Methods Data were collected by anonymous self-completed questionnaire survey among eligible unmarried youth aged 15-22 in Chengdu City, Southwest China during 1998-1999 and the study comprised of 3 307 valid subjects. Results Awareness of safe sex and contraception among unmarried youth was limited and their attitudes towards pre-marital sexual activity appeared to be positive. Large proportions of dating subjects were sexually active and reported ever-using contraceptives, regular or appropriate use of contraceptives was likely to be limited. About two thirds of adolescents had communication with their parents frequently, but fewer had communicated with their parents on sex-related issues, but they did influence the sexual behaviours of adolescents. In fact, it appeared that coresidence and extensive communication with parents on sex-related issues could delay sexual activity among adolescents, and the sexually active youth co-resided with their parents were more likely to take contraceptive measures. Conclusion Programmes are needed not only for youth to encourage them to communicate with their parents on sex-related issues, but also for parents to know the current sexual health status of youth and realize the necessity to communicate with their adolescent children about sexual and reproductive health issues.     

Study on Perception of Potential Condom Use among Unmarried Migrants

Objective To understand the perception of potential condom use and its influencing factors so as to promote condom use among unmarried migrants Method A survey, using self-administered structured anonx‘mous questionnaire, was conducted among 1 092 unmarried migrants aged 15～24 years old in urban area of Shanghai. Results The unmarried migrants had some knowledge of condom. However, their knowledge level and their attitude towards condom use were not so optimistic. Subjects‘ knowledge of contraceptives and STD/AIDS had a positive influence on their attitude toward condom use. Subjects with positive attitude to condom use were more likely to use condom in sexual activity (OR=1.61). Conclusion Unmarried migrants have lower rate of condom use if they have insufficient knowledge of condom. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the sexual health education among unmarried sex-active migrants in order to encourage contraceptive use, especially condom use.     

Comparison of Depression and Anxiety between Unmarried Female Youth in Two Groups of Induced Abortion and None-Induced Abortion in Yibin City of China

were risk factors influencing anxiety of unmarried female youth. Conclusion Depession and anxiety was more popular in unmarried females with IA. Intervention for improving mental health of unmarried females should be developred. Key words: comparison; dep…     

刍议在基层计划生育服务机构开展生殖道感染防治的意义

随着我国的计划生育工作发生战略性的转变,国家人口计生委组织实施的包括生殖道感染（RTI）干预工程在内的＂三大工程＂在全国计划生育服务机构逐步推开。基层计划生育技术服务工作也有了新的内容,特别是包括RTI防治工作面临新的、巨大的机遇。经过多年各级政府的努力,基层计划生育服务网络逐步健全,技术人员、技术设备逐步配齐,开展生殖道感染防治的条件成熟。     

Improving Sexual and Contraceptive Behaviours of Unmarried Female Youth with First Trimester Induced Abortion in Sichuan, China

Along with concerns about the spread of HIV/STDs in China comes increasing evidence of risky sexual behaviours among Chinese youth. Proportion engaging in premarital sex have reportedly increased, and is usually unprotected. Unwanted pregnancies, abortion…     

县级生殖健康／计划生育服务机构成本效果分析案例研究

目的通过调查东西部两个项目县的县级计划生育服务机构的各项成本以及计划生育服务的效果,计算成本效果比值,为计划生育服务机构的发展提供借鉴．方法收集市、县两级计划生育机构有关计划生育服务的相关数据,并运用文献回顾、现有资料收集及个人深入访谈等方法了解机构的相关情况．结果（1）国家投入是计划生育经费的主要来源;（2）东部项目县的知情选择成本效果比值为6．87,西部县则为34．98．结论结合型模式比单一型模式更加有效,应提高对计划生育机构相关资源的有效利用,加强资源整合,从而为计划生育工作的长期、稳定发展提供借鉴．     

家庭化产房的产时服务模式的临床效果分析

目的探讨家庭化产房的产时服务模式的临床效果。方法选取该院收治的460例正常单胎足月分娩的初产妇,随机均分为对照组和观察组,对照组采用传统的产时服务模式,观察组采用家庭化产房的产时服务模式。比较两组产妇分娩方式、母婴并发症发生率和满意度的差异。结果观察组正常产率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,助产率和剖宫产率均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组产后出血、胎儿窘迫和新生儿窒息等母婴并发症发生率均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组产妇满意度显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论家庭化产房的产时服务模式可有效提高自然分娩率和产妇满意度,减少母婴并发症,有利于提高产科质量。     

四川农村计划生育管理人力资源对皮下埋植避孕法推广的影响

为了解计划生育管理人员的知识和态度对皮下埋植避孕法(以下简称皮埋法)推广的影响,对四川省4个县市的156名农村各级计划生育管理人员的基本情况、计划生育及皮埋法知识培训率、管理人员对皮埋法知识的掌握、对皮埋的态度,及其对各地皮埋法接受者的相关知识和满意度的影响进行了问卷调查.结果:77.6%(132/156)的计划生育管理人员对皮埋法的效果给予肯定,并能积极从事皮埋法的宣传、组织和管理工作.管理人员的文化素质偏低,计划生育知识培训率为84.0%,皮埋法知识培训率为36.5%,皮埋知识掌握较差,但不同地区间有差异,同时不同地区接受皮埋人群的相关知识及对皮埋的满意度也有差异.结果提示:计划生育管理人员的素质对皮埋法的推广有影响.要提高皮埋法的可接受性,使皮埋法得到更好的推广应用,必须进一步加强计划生育管理人员的皮埋法知识培训,提高管理人员的皮埋法知识水平.     

人工流产治疗观察及计划生育服务300例探讨

目的探讨保护妇女生殖健康的措施,了解人工流产的原因及对健康状况的影响。方法自行设计问卷,对2009年1月～2010年4月在和顺县计生妇幼服务中心行人工流产的300例妇女进行面对面咨询、访谈。结果 300例经过治疗恢复较满意。意外妊娠原因中20.00%为未避孕造成,80.00%为避孕失败造成;避孕失败的原因中有39.33%为宫内节育器失败。300例受访者避孕知识缺乏,对紧急避孕药知晓率低;200例人工流产妇女亟需为她们提供避孕节育服务,200例人工流产妇女亟需生殖健康服务。结论积极开展以服务对象为中心的流产后计划生育优质服务,提高育龄妇女的避孕使用率及正确使用率,同时做好心理疏导及健康宣教,对保护妇女的生殖健康有重要意义。     

医院计划生育管理系统设计与实践

从系统目标、业务流程和系统功能模块设计等方面对中山市人民医院计划生育管理系统进行详细介绍,阐述系统的应用效果,包括实现计生管理信息化、优化业务流程、提高员工参与和重视程度等方面,最后探讨今后计划生育工作信息化管理的难点和重点。     

论现代计划生育服务创新

目的：为保证计划生育技术服务可持续发展，适应计生服务的要求，在计划生育形象策划上创新，从而达到发展是第一要务的理念。方法：参阅国内外有关资料，结合计划生育技术服务实情进行研究。结果：计划生育技术服务形象是个昭示，良好的形象能激发员工的工作热情，病人更加信赖服务站。结论：精心塑造计划生育技术服务站形象、形象也是社会效益。     

流动人口的计划生育管理分析

对1998年在上海闵行区开展的“以现居住地为主”的计划生育综合干预项目中外来育龄妇女的计划生育管理状况进行分析,综合运用定量与定性研究方法以了解她们的计划生育管理状况及对计生管理的态度和要求,评价计生管理干预对改善本市外来育龄妇女的计生管理状况及提高她们对计划生育管理的认知的效果。结果显示：通过管理干预,外来育龄妇女携带原籍计划生育证明的比例和持有计划生育信息卡的比例以及暂住证上加盖计划生育合格章的比例均明显增加,妇女对计划生育服务的满意度也明显增加。认为“以现居住地为主”的流动人口计划生育管理有助于计划生育管理,应进一步加强流入地与流出地的联络、协调与积极配合,加强流动人口的计生双向管理。     

流产后关爱服务在计划生育门诊的应用

目的：流产后关爱服务在妇科门诊的应用的效果。方法：对行人工流产术的2260例妇女进行流产后关爱服务,观察实施后的效果。结果：2000例患者人工流产顺利,流产关爱服务让她们了解人工流产的原理也认识到它的危害能知情选择一种适合自己的避孕方法。术后恢复良好,并对流产关爱表示认同和对进行宣教的人员表示感谢,重复人工流产率降低。无一例纠纷发生。结论：流产关爱服务对于促进生殖健康,降低重复流产率有积极作用,在计划生育门诊应用具有重要的意义,急需推广。     

Syndromic Management of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Antenatal and Family Planning Clinic Attendees

For the purpose of control of STDs and AIDS, WHO has recommended the syndromic approach to prompt and complete diagnosis and treatment of diseases, In antenatal and family planning clinic attendees (a low STD prevalence population), the use of signs and symptoms and the risk assessment can be evaluated as a screening tool to manage infections factors (RTIS ) in women.     

南京市浦口区家庭医生签约服务开展现况调研

目的　了解南京市浦口区家庭医生签约服务开展情况、面临的主要问题及改善对策,为南京市浦口区进一步推广家庭医生签约服务提供参考依据。方法　2017年7月,采用便利抽样法选取南京市浦口区桥林街道、星甸街道、泰山街道、汤泉街道社区卫生服务中心的负责人、家庭医生及其团队成员共31名进行面对面半结构式访谈。采用自制访谈提纲,访谈内容包括：简单介绍南京市浦口区家庭医生签约服务开展情况;家庭医生签约后的特色服务项目与主要服务内容;签约居民分级诊疗存在的问题;目前家庭医生签约服务工作面临哪些主要问题和困难等。结果　目前南京市浦口区开展家庭医生签约服务主要包含门诊签约和社区签约两种形式,居民对家庭医生签约服务的接受程度较高,家庭医生签约服务对慢性病老年人吸引力最大。开展的特色家庭医生签约服务包含家庭医生APP线上交流;家庭医生公布手机号以方便沟通;发放家庭医生签约服务卡,享受特定医疗服务项目折扣。签约居民分级诊疗存在的问题：签约居民根据就医需求可自行前往二、三级医院,不需要家庭医生为其进行转诊;家庭医生APP转诊预约功能未起到实质性的作用。目前家庭医生签约服务工作面临的主要问题和困难：签约流程过于繁琐;如何界定家庭医生手机咨询服务时间;签约居民对家庭医生职责界定不清;激励机制不健全,医务人员积极性不高;签约后药品种类配备不全;原全科医生引入家庭医生模式后工作量增加、精力不济;家庭医生APP需要进一步完善服务项目的开发。结论　南京市浦口区家庭医生签约服务开展情况较好,但还存在诸多问题,建议政府财政投入到位,完善绩效考核机制;医保助力家庭医生,落实分级诊疗制度;加强家庭医生医疗知识培训与沟通技巧,招募家庭医生人才;增加社区卫生服务中心药品的品种以及医保报销的常用药物;完善家庭医生APP;切实推进家庭医生签约服务的开展。     

加强基层计划生育技术服务机构医学检验工作的思考

医学检验的理论和检测技术是研究疾病的发生、发展、临床诊断、治疗监测的重要手段,做好医学检验工作是开展计划生育技术服务、提高手术质量,保障育龄群众安全和健康的前提条件。随着计划生育技术服务工作的不断规范和育龄群众对计划生育生殖健康服务质量需求的日益增长,医学检验在计划生育技术服务工作中的地位和作用愈来愈显得突出和重要。笔者就当前基层计划生育技术服务机构中医学检验工作存在的问题,应采取的对策措施提出粗浅的看法和建议。1主要问题1.1重视程度不够计划生育技术服务作为落实控制人口增长目标的重要手段,要求为受术者提供及时、方便、安全、有效的避孕节育措施。在实际工作中,许多基层计划生育技术服务机构由于受传统思想和客观条件的限制,加之计划生育“四术”(上环、结扎、人工流产、引产)任务较重,为了保证“四术”任务的完成而忽视了术前术后的临床检验工作。再由于计划生育技术服务对象大多是健康和亚健康人群,也造成了部分技术人员不重视医学检验的麻痹思想,靠经验、凭感觉的做法时有存在。这在很大程度上影响了计划生育技术服务的质量,造成一些并发症、后遗症的发生,影响了避孕节育措施的落实,影响了育龄群众接受计划生育技术服务的积极性。1.2检验手...     

循证医学教学模式在计划生育临床实习中的应用

目的运用循证医学理念指导学生计划生育临床实习,提高教学质量。方法将临床实习的七年制31名学生分为两组：实验组和对照组,实验组（A组）用循证医学理念带教,对照组（B组）用传统教学方法。实习结束后对两组学生进行相应的基础知识和病案分析问卷,并发放不记名问卷调查表,自我评价计划生育实习效果。结果病案分析总分A组明显高于B组（P〈0．05）,而基础知识两组比较无显著性差异（P〉O．05）。A组学生对自己查阅文献能力及目前教学方法的满意程度与B组学生比较有显著性差异（P〈O．05）。结论循证医学教学（EMBL）教学模式增加学生学习的动力、兴趣和解决实际问题的能力,并不影响学生对基础知识、知识要点和难点的掌握。     

性教育和生殖健康服务对促进上海市郊未婚青年避孕的效果

目的　评价在社区开展性教育和生殖健康服务对促进未婚青年避孕的效果。方法　在上海市郊区两个镇开展以社区为基础的干预性研究 ,干预组和对照组 15～ 2 4岁未婚青年分别为 12 0 0和 10 0 7名。干预活动的形式包括发放宣教材料、播放教育录像、组织讲座和小组讨论、提供咨询、提供避孕指导及避孕药具。干预持续 2 0个月 ,随访率为 92 %。通过问卷调查对干预的效果进行评价。结果　干预前两组性行为的发生率为10 .4 %和 12 .1% ,干预后为 30 .8%和 33.1%。在干预后有性行为的对象中 ,干预组经常或每次性行为时采取避孕措施的比例为 89.0 % ,对照组为 4 4 .6 % (两组比较P <0 .0 0 0 1)。在调整了其他可能影响避孕的因素后 ,干预组的OR为 10 .30 (95 %CI:6 .77～ 15 .6 7)。干预组有 5 7.7%的对象在首次性行为时采取避孕措施 ,其中使用避孕套的占 84 .4 % ;对照组则有 30 .5 %的人采取避孕措施 ,其中 6 7.2 %使用避孕套 (两组比较P <0 .0 0 0 1和 <0 .0 5 )。干预组调整OR分别为 3.0 8(95 %CI:2 .0 5～ 4 .6 1)和 13.37(95 %CI:7.13～ 2 5 .0 8)。男女对象采取避孕措施的情况无显著差异。多元Logistic回归分析表明 ,干预是影响采取避孕的惟一重要的因素。 结论　干预活动可明显促进干预组对象采取避孕。