高糖及高脂膳食对血浆载脂蛋白AⅠ、AⅡ、B100、CⅠ、CⅡ、CⅢ及E的影响

作者对高糖及高脂膳食对正常人(10人)及内源性高甘油三酯血症者(10人)血浆载脂蛋白(apo)AⅠ、AⅡ、B100、CⅠ、CⅡ、CⅢ及E含量的影响进行了观察。高糖膳食中糖(主要为淀粉)、脂肪及蛋白质分别占总热量的80％、5％及15％;高脂膳食为40％、45％及15％;正常膳食为60％、25％及15％。结果表明,摄取高糖膳食后,apoAⅠ、B100、CⅠ、CⅡ、CⅢ及E轻度下降,apoAⅡ增加。摄取高脂膳食后,血浆apoB100、AⅠ、CⅡ及CⅢ轻度增加,apoCⅠ及E轻度下降,而apoAⅡ无改变。膳食引起的血浆apo的这些改变可能在血脂代谢中发挥调节作用。     

中国地鼠高糖高脂动物模型的实验研究

目的 高脂膳食结合小剂量链脲佐菌素建立中国地鼠的高糖高脂模型.方法 采用高脂膳食喂养中国地鼠38周,结合链脲佐菌素(STZ)20 mg·kg-1腹腔注射.将中国地鼠分3组:普通饮食组(KB)、普通饮食STZ组(KSTZ)、高脂膳食STZ组(HSTZ),定期观察体重、血糖的变化,38周后取血清测定TC、LDL、HbA1c、NO活力和GSH水平.结果 在4周、19周时HSTZ组血糖较KB组明显升高;38周时KSTZ组血糖、HbA1c较KB组显著升高,KSTZ组TC较KB组明显升高,HSTZ组TC、LDL均显著高于KB组和KSTZ组.NO活力KSTZ组明显高于KB组和HSTZ组.GSH水平HSTZ组显著高于KB组和KSTZ组,但后2组间无差异.结论 多次低量STZ有缓慢升高中国地鼠血糖,高脂饲养升高血脂但未加重高血糖,该模型具有一定的氧化应激损伤.     

高脂膳食、硒对大鼠抗氧化功能的影响

目的 探讨在高脂膳食模式、不同安全剂量的硒暴露情况下,硒对大鼠抗氧化功能的影响.方法 选取SPF级Wistar大鼠60只,6周龄,雌雄各半,采用完全随机化法分为普通组、普通+0.3 mg/kg Se组、普通+0.9 mg/kg Se组、高脂组、高脂+0.3 mg/kg Se组和高脂+0.9 mg/kg Se组,每组10...     

高糖及高脂膳食对血糖、胰岛素及血脂的影响

摄取高糖膳食(占总热量80％)第1、3天及第3、5天后,正常人组及高甘油三脂血症组空腹血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素及甘油三酯(TG)含量明显升高(P<0.05及P<0.01);高甘油三酯血症组血浆总胆固醇(TC)及HDL-C明显下降(P<0.05)。摄取高脂膳食(占总热量45％)后,两组TG于第1天,血浆葡萄糖于第5天轻度下降(P<0.05及P<0.01),TC于第3天明显升高(P<0.01);高脂组HDL-C明显下降(P<0.001),对胰岛素水平无影响。作者认为,为防治我国人民以高糖低脂膳食为特点的高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化,应适当降低膳食中糖占总热量的比例。     

低碳水化合物过渡至高营养密度的膳食模式减重效果评价

背景　医疗界迫切需要开发真实、有效,且能长期坚持的饮食干预方式,以达到长期控制体质量的目的。目的　评估“低碳水化合物过渡至高营养密度”的膳食模式1~6个月的减重效果。方法　选取2015年6月—2017年1月于广州医科大学附属第二医院临床营养科门诊就诊的患者145例为研究对象。第1个月内将碳水化合物摄入限制在50 g/d,此后逐渐增加碳水化合物比例,在第3个月时碳水化合物摄入达110 g/d,3个月内的能量摄入则在静息能量消耗结合其活动度的推荐量基础上,减少500 kcal/d;第1、2月提供“代餐食品”代替主食。第4~6个月,不再限制热量和碳水化合物摄入,给予以低精制碳水化合物为基础的“高营养密度食物宝塔”教育。记录干预1、3、6个月后患者体质量。结果　第1个月末完成率为93.8%（136/145）,体质量较干预前下降（3.77±1.76）kg（t配对=10.61,P<0.01）;减重成功率为38.2%（52/136）,总减重成功率为35.8%（52/145）。第3个月末完成率为74.5%（108/145）,体质量较干预前下降（6.67±3.50）kg（t配对=10.89,P<0.01）;减重成功率为80.5%（87/108）,总减重成功率为60.0%（87/145）。第6个月末完成率为67.6%（98/145）,体质量较干预前下降（7.85±4.12）kg（t配对=4.77,P<0.01）;减重成功率为85.7%（84/98）,总减重成功率为57.9%（84/145）。结论　从低碳水化合物过渡至高营养密度的膳食模式是一种有效、可行的减重膳食模式,值得推广。     

高膳食纤维治疗对妊娠期糖尿病的临床意义

目的:探讨高膳食纤维治疗对妊娠期糖尿病的临床意义.方法:将2015年5月至2016年4月作为本次研究时段,选择这一时间段内向本院收治的106例妊娠期糖尿病的患者作为研究对象,随机将其分为对照组和观察组各53例,对照组患者仅采取常规的饮食控制方法,而观察组则根据患者情况给予高膳食纤维进行控制,对两组患者治疗后的各项指标进行分析.结果:观察组患者HbAlc、TG、FBG、2hPBG、LDL-C、LDL-C、TC等指标明显优于对照组,P<0.05,组间差异具备统计学意义.结论:对于妊娠期糖尿病的患者,必须要对其进行饮食控制,而采取高膳食纤维的控制方法具有显著的效果,可将患者各项指标稳定在正常范围内,以保证母体和胎儿的安全,具有推广价值.     

胰敏胶囊阻止高脂膳食诱导大鼠胰岛素抵抗的发生

目的：建立高脂膳食诱导的胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型，观察胰敏胶囊对模型大鼠发生胰岛素抵抗的阻止作用。方法：Wistar雄性大鼠分成空白组、模型组、治疗组、对照组，治疗组与对照组在以高脂膳食造模的同时，每日分别给予胰敏胶囊、罗格列酮，每周测血压及体重，6周后，以正常血糖-高血浆胰岛素钳夹技术，结合输注放射性葡萄糖测定股四头肌葡萄糖摄取率评定大鼠的胰岛素敏感性。并测定各组大鼠葡萄糖耐量、血清游离脂肪酸、甘油三酯、血浆胰岛素、胰岛素敏感性指数。结果：与模型组大鼠比较，治疗组体重明显下降，葡萄糖耐量正常，血清甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸、血浆胰岛素含量均显著下降，胰岛素敏感性指数、葡萄糖输注率、葡萄糖摄取率升高。治疗组与对照组相比无显著性差异。结论：胰敏胶囊具有阻止高脂膳食诱导的胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型发生胰岛素抵抗的作用。     

膳食控制与烟酸肌醇对轻度高胆固醇血症降脂效果观察

目的：比较膳食控制与烟酸肌醇的降胆固醇效果。方法：取在泸州化工厂职工医院职工查体诊断为轻度高胆固醇血症病例１７５人，随机分为两组，甲组９０例控制膳食中胆固醇的摄入，乙组８５例用烟酸肌醇药物治疗，３个月和６个月时分别复查血胆固醇值。结果：乙组在３、６个月时与治疗前比较无明显变化，甲组在３个月时无明显变化，在６个月时有显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论膳食控制可降低轻度高胆固醇血症。     

社区高胆固醇血症患者的膳食评价

目的：应用中国膳食平衡指数(diet quality index-07,DBI-07)综合评价社区高胆固醇血症人群的膳食质量,了解该人群的膳食质量,为社区膳食干预、提高治疗效果及预防提供科学依据。方法抽取北京市3个社区的150名高胆固醇血症患者进行基本资料及膳食频率的调查,采用 DBI-07的评分及评价方法评价调查对象的膳食质量。结果社区高胆固醇血症患者的膳食总能量摄入量为(1973.86±602.93) kcal/ d,蛋白质摄入量为(64.40±23.99) g/ d,食用油及食用盐的摄入分别为(35.57±13.90)g/ d 和(8.82±2.93)g/ d。结论与中国居民膳食指南相比,社区高胆固醇血症患者的膳食结构有待改善,以利于血脂的膳食控制。     

高糖及高酯膳食对血糖,胰岛素及血脂的影响

The fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipids response to high-carbohydrate-low-fat diets and low-carbohydrate-high-fat diets in normal subjects and patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia was observed. The normal, high carbohydrate and high fat diets consisted of 60%, 80% and 40% carbohydrate, 25%, 5% and 45% fat and 15% protein of total calorie respectively. The fasting plasma glucose levels increased (P less than 0.01) on day 1, insulin increased on day 3 (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05) and TG levels increased on days 3 and 5 after taking high carbohydrate diets both in the normal and hypertriglyceridemic groups. The fasting plasma TC and HDL-C decreased on high carbohydrate diets mainly in the hypertriglyceridemic group. The fasting plasma glucose slightly decreased on day 5, TG decreased on day 1 (P less than 0.05) and TC increased on day 1 and 3 (P less than 0.01) after taking high fat diets, but no differences were observed in insulin levels. Fasting plasma HDL-C levels in the normal group remained unchanged, but significantly decreased 3 days after taking high fat diets in the hypertriglyceridemic group (P less than 0.001). Our results indicate that high carbohydrate intake may be an important cause of hypertriglyceridemia in our country. This diet may cause a slight increase in the blood glucose level, which in turn stimulates an increase in plasma lipids and decrease in HDL-C, which is associated with an increase in the incident of coronary heart disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

142例冠心病患者血脂及载脂蛋白AI,B100,CI,CII及CIII的研究

Serum triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and apolipoproteins AI, B100, CI, CII and CIII were analyzed in 142 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 64 age-matched healthy subjects in the Chengdu area. Significantly increased TG and decreased HDL-C were found in the CHD patients (P less than 0.001). Serum apo AI and CII were significantly decreased in the CHD patients compared with the normal subjects (P less than 0.01 or P less than 0.001). Serum apo B100 and CIII were slightly higher in the CHD group than in the normal group (P less than 0.001 or P less than 0.05). No significant differences were observed in apo CI levels in the CHD patients when compared with the normal subjects. The results were discussed.     

内源性高甘油三酯血症者血浆脂蛋白中脂质和载脂蛋白...

Lipids and apolipoproteins in plasma VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3 isolated by one-step density gradient ultracentrifugation from 7 subjects with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and 4 normalipemics were determined. HTG VLDL was enriched with cholesterol, and its triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and apo CII, CIII contents (mg/100 mg protein) were significantly higher than those in normal VLDL. ApoE content in HTG VLDL was prone to increasing, and apoB100 content had no apparent difference from that in normal VLDL. Compared with normal HDL2 and HDL3, the contents of total cholesterol (TC), apoAI, CII, and CIII in HTG HDL2, and apoCII, CIII in HTG HDL3 decreased. HTG HDL2 and HDL3 were rich in TG. By analysis of distribution of these lipids and apolipoproteins in various plasma lipoproteins, it was found that the abnormal composition of VLDL and HDL in HTG seemed to be a result of transport of TC, PL, and apoCII, CIII from HDL to VLDL. There was a significantly positive correlation between TC and apoAI, CII, CIII in HDL respectively, which indicated that apoCII and CIII were also associated with the alteration of HDL cholesterol. It is suggested that the elevated plasma VLDL-TG concentration in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia may induce abnormal redistribution of lipid and apolipoprotein among apoCII plasma lipoproteins, and and CIII may play an important role in these changes.     

Primary type V hyperlipoproteinemia in childhood

Metabolic studies of a 9-year-old girl with primary type V hyperlipoproteinemia demonstrated normal glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and glucagon responses to stimuli, and serum uric acid level. Fasting plasma triglyceride levels rapidly increased when the patient received a diet containing 40% of the total calories as fat and rapidly decreased on a 10% fat diet. Hepatic and nonhepatic lipase activities in postheparin plasma were normal, thus excluding type I hyperlipoproteinemia. Because of the potential complication of acute pancreatitis in this disorder, early diagnosis and prompt institution of diet therapy is important.     

人脑脊液载脂蛋白AI,B100,CII CIII及E的测定

Apolipoproteins AI, B100, CII, CIII and E contents were measured by radial immunodiffusion assay kits developed by our Research Unit. The apolipoprotein in 10 human cerebrospinal fluid samples was determined. Results show that there are no apo B100, CII or trace apo CIII in human cerebrospinal fluid, the levels of apo AI in cerebrospinal fluid are 1.00 +/- 0.54 mg/dl with a range of 0.35-2.00 mg/dl and the apo E content is 0.69 +/- 0.16 mg/dl with a range of 0.51-0.99 mg/dl. The results are discussed.     

载脂蛋白AⅠ,CⅠ,CⅡ,CⅢ,E对肝细胞膜高密度脂蛋白...

Effects of purified human apolipoproteins AI, CI, CII, CIII-1, Cs and E on the binding of 125I-labeled apo E-deficient HDL3 to isolated rat liver plasma membranes were investigated. Unlabeled apo AI, CI, CII, CIII-1 and apo Cs, but not apo E, could effectively inhibit 125I-labeled HDL3 binding to liver membranes, apoCIII-1, was the strongest among the apoC subclasses and the inhibition curve of apoCIII-1 was similar to that of apo AI. This result indicates that apo C, especially apo CIII, may be another specific ligand of HDL receptor, and it plays an important role in regulation of HDL receptor activity in liver.     

短期高脂饮食对中国汉族男性2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢的影响

目的研究短期高脂饮食对中国汉族男性2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖脂代谢的影响。方法9例单纯饮食控制或仅用二甲双胍治疗的男性2型糖尿病患者先后分别服用高碳水化合物餐(HCD)和高脂肪餐(HFD)3 d,进食第3天多点抽血,测定血浆葡萄糖及胰岛素变化,并于第4天行静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT)。结果进食HFD患者的非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)24 h曲线下面积(AUC)显著高于进食HCD患者(P<0.001),且其24 h血浆葡萄糖AUC显著低于HCD患者(P<0.05);而24 h胰岛素AUC两种饮食患者差异无显著性;进食HFD患者72 h后空腹血浆葡萄糖接近显著意义地升高(P=0.056),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高(P<0.05)。IVGTT进食HFD患者葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素快速反应接近显著意义地升高(P=0.06),血浆空腹和早餐段餐后胰升血糖素亦显著升高。结论短期进食HFD使NEFA暴露水平显著升高,葡萄糖暴露水平显著降低,空腹血浆葡萄糖升高但不伴胰岛素水平的显著变化可能是肝糖输出增加、胰岛素抵抗形成的早期表现,提示胰升血糖素在胰岛素抵抗的形成中起了重要作用,而显著的β细胞功能失调(脂毒性)可能需要更长时间。     

Effects of Red Palm Oil on Serum Lipids and Plasma Carotenoids Level in Chinese Male Adults

Objective Effects of red palm oil on major plasma carotenoids, tocopherol, retinol and serum lipids were evaluated when used in Chinese diet. Methods Red palm oil group (RPO) composedof 20 male subjects(aged 18-32) and soybean oil group (SBO) composed of 22 male subjects     

Suppression of induced atherosclerosis in h-apo AI transgenic mice by overex pression of human apo AI in the aortic wall

ｅｔｈｏｄｓ　Ｂｏｔｈｈ ａｐｏＡＩｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃｍｉｃｅａｎｄｎｏｒｍａｌＣ57ｍｉｃｅｗｅｒｅｆｅｄｗｉｔｈｅｉｔｈｅｒａｒｅｇｕｌａｒｃｈｏｗｏｒａｈｉｇｈ ｆａｔｄｉｅｔｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇ 5%ｐｏｒｋｌａｒｄ ,1 2 5%ｃｈｏｌｅｓｔｅｒｏｌａｎｄ 0 2 5%ｓｏｄｉｕｍｃｈｏｌａｔｅｆｏｒ 14ｏｒ 2 4ｗｅｅｋｓｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ ＨｕｍａｎａｐｏＡＩｍＲＮＡｗｅｒｅｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄｂｙＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ ＰｌａｓｍａａｐｏＡＩｌｅｖｅｌｓｗｅｒｅｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｕｓｉｎｇａｒａｄｉ…     

原发性肾病综合征患者血清载脂蛋白的变化

对４５例原发性肾病综合征（ＮＳ）患者的血脂和载脂蛋白（ａｐｏ）进行检测，发现ＮＳ患者具有广泛的脂代谢异常，ａｐｏＡＩ（ｌｌｌ２±ｌ８７ｍｇ／Ｌ）、ＡＩＩ（２６６±７７ｍｇ／Ｌ）浓度降低，ａｐｏＢｆ１７ｌ０±４４４ｍｇ／Ｌ）、ＣＩＩ（９７±４２ｍｇ／Ｌ）、ＣＩＩＩ（２４７±９６ｍｇ／Ｌ）浓度显著升高，ａｐｏＡｌ／ａｐｏＢ比值（０．７０±０．２４）显著降低。而在缓解期，一部分患者血脂、脂蛋白浓度正常，但ａｐｏ仍有明显异常。结果提示：ＮＳ患者发生冠心病的危险性增加，而ａｐｏ是较血脂更为敏感的ＮＳ心血管并发症的预测指标。