红霉素中枢拟胃动素作用及诱导室旁核c-Fos蛋白的表达

目的探讨红霉素（EM）在中枢的拟胃动素作用及其可能的机制。方法应用核团微量注射法,记录清醒大鼠胃运动,观察侧脑室分别注射生理盐水、不同剂量的EM（9.16、45.78、91.56nmol）及胃动素受体拮抗剂（91.56nmol EM＋2.95nmol GM109）后,对清醒自由活动大鼠胃运动的影响;应用免疫组织化学方法,观察侧脑室分别注射生理盐水、不同剂量的EM（45.78、91.56nmol）及胃动素受体拮抗剂（91.56nmol EM＋2.95nmolGM109）后,大鼠室旁核（PVN）内c-Fos蛋白的表达。结果与生理盐水组相比,侧脑室微量注射EM后,清醒大鼠胃运动增强,增强的幅度与EM呈剂量依赖性,其中45.78nmol EM组胃收缩幅度增加在5、10min时差异有显著性（F=32.14、36.24,q=3.46、2.14,P〈0.01）,91.56nmol EM组胃运动幅度增加在5、10、15、20min时差异有显著性（F=35.32-39.44,q=2.56-3.26,P〈0.01）,9.16nmol EM组胃运动变化均无统计学差异。GM109可以部分阻断91.56nmol EM的促胃运动作用。侧脑室微量注射不同剂量的EM可以诱导下丘脑室旁核神经元c-Fos蛋白的表达,具有剂量依赖性,2.95nmol GM109可以部分阻断91.56nmol EM诱导的下丘脑室旁核c-Fos蛋白的表达。生理盐水组只有极低水平的c-Fos的表达。结论EM侧脑室注射具有胃动素样的促进胃运动的作用,这种作用可能是通过中枢胃动素受体介导的;下丘脑室旁核可能是EM发挥中枢作用的作用部位之一。     

甘糖酯对氧化低密度脂蛋白损伤血管内皮细胞的作用

①目的　探讨甘糖酯对氧化低密度脂蛋白 (oxLDL)损伤的血管内皮细胞的作用。②方法　将VEC 30 4内皮细胞株培养后 ,分为两组 :治疗组先给予oxLDL ,再加入不同浓度的甘糖酯 (2 5、5 0、10 0mg/L) ;保护组先给予不同浓度 (2 5、5 0、10 0mg/L)甘糖酯 ,再与oxLDL作用。培养一定时间后 ,取上清液测定丙二醛 (MDA)和乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)含量。③结果　治疗组 3种浓度甘糖酯均可以降低oxLDL造成的MDA升高 ,而且随着浓度的增高其作用也有增加的趋势 (F =6 6 .12 ,q =6 .5～ 18.3,P <0 .0 5 ) ;浓度较高 (10 0mg/L)甘糖酯可降低oxLDL造成的LDH升高 (F =15 .99,q=8.9,P <0 .0 5 )。保护组 3种浓度甘糖酯均可使MDA含量降低 ,与对照组比较差异有显著性 (F =5 6 .98,q=16 .7～ 5 5 .2 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;且不同浓度组间差异有显著性 (q =18.9～ 38.6 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;较大浓度(10 0mg/L)甘糖酯可使LDH含量降低 ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (F =19.13,q =9.8,P <0 .0 5 )。 ④结论　甘糖酯对oxLDL造成的血管内皮细胞的过氧化损伤有修复和保护作用     

异丙酚对低温体外循环期间脑氧代谢的影响

①目的　观察不同剂量异丙酚对低温体外循环 (CPB)期间颈内静脉球血氧饱和度 (SjO2 )、脑氧摄取率 (CEO2 )、脑动脉颈内静脉血氧含量差 (Ca jO2 )的影响。②方法　 33例心脏瓣膜置换术病人 ,随机分成 3组 ,Ⅰ组静注异丙酚 5mg·kg- 1 ·h- 1 ;Ⅱ组静注异丙酚 2mg·kg- 1 ·h- 1 ;Ⅲ组 (对照组 )不静注异丙酚。在CPB前 (T1 )、降温至 33℃ (T2 )、低温稳定期 (T3)、复温至 33℃ (T4 )以及CPB结束后 2 0min(T5)测定SjO2 、CEO2 、Ca jO2 。③结果　Ⅰ、Ⅱ组T2 ～T5时 ,Ⅲ组T2 、T3时SjO2 明显高于T1 时 (F =6 .2 4～ 1 0 .50 ,q =3 .59～ 7.59,P <0 .0 5) ;Ⅲ组T4 、T5时SjO2 明显低于T3时 (q =4.1 4、4 .69,P <0 .0 5) ;Ⅱ组T4 时SjO2 明显高于Ⅲ组 (F =4.1 8,q =4.0 8,P <0 .0 5)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组T2 ～T5时 ,Ⅲ组T2 、T3时CEO2 均比T1 时下降 (F =4.1 5～ 8.70 ,q =4.98～8.2 0 ,P <0 .0 5) ;Ⅲ组T4 、T5时CEO2 明显高于T3时 (q=4.30、6 .35 ,P <0 .0 5) ;Ⅱ组T4 时CEO2 明显低于Ⅲ组 (F =4.41 ,q =4.48,P <0 .0 5)。Ⅱ组T2 ～T5时 ,Ⅲ组T2 ～T4 时Ca jO2 均较T1 时明显下降 (F =6 .30～ 1 0 .50 ,q =5 .0 5～ 8.60 ,P <0 .0 5) ;Ⅲ组T4 、T5时Ca jO2 明显高于T3时 (q =4.30、1 3 .70 ,P <0 .0 5) ;Ⅲ组T4 时C     

肾缺血预处理对未成熟心肌保护作用的研究

①目的　研究肾缺血预处理对未成熟心肌保护作用 ,探讨未成熟心肌保护方法。②方法　建立心脏缺血预处理 (IP)和肾缺血预处理 (RIP)兔Langendorff灌注模型。将兔随机分为 3组。缺血 再灌注组 (I R组 ) :在Langendorff模型基础上 ,灌注 15min转为工作心 15min ;IP组 :在Langendorff模型基础上 ,灌注 15min转为工作心 15min ,反复 2次缺血 5min再灌注 5min ;RIP组 :反复 3次阻断左肾动脉血流 5min再灌注 5min ,建立模型 ,灌注 15min转为工作心 15min ;然后各组全心停止灌注 4 5min ,恢复灌注 15min改为工作心 30min。以左心室功能恢复情况、心肌含水量 (MWC)、血清肌酸激酶 (CK)和乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)漏出率、心肌组织ATP和丙二醛 (MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、心肌细胞内Ca2 + 含量、心肌线粒体Ca2 + ATPase活性及其Ca2 + 含量、心肌线粒体合成ATP能力 { [ATP]m}作为观察指标。③结果　RIP组和IP组左室功能恢复百分率高于I R组 (F =4 .6 7～6 .0 3,q =2 .6 0～ 3.12 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,RIP组和IP组比较差异无显著性 (q =1.2 3～ 1.98,P >0 .0 5 ) ;RIP组和IP组MWC低于I R组 (F =5 .6 8,P <0 .0 5 ) ,RIP组和IP组比较差异无显著性 (q =1.6 5 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ;RIP组和IP组MDA含量、CK和LDH漏出率、ATP含     

肝素对急性肺损伤治疗保护作用的实验研究

①目的　探讨肝素对急性肺损伤 (ALI)的治疗保护作用。②方法　选取Wistar大鼠 6 0只 ,随机分为生理盐水对照组 (A组 )、内毒素 (LPS)注射组 (B组 )、大剂量肝素治疗组 (C组 )、中等剂量肝素治疗组 (D组 )和小剂量肝素治疗组 (E组 )。除A、B组向大鼠腹腔内分别注射生理盐水和内毒素外 ,其他组向大鼠腹腔内注射LPS后 4h ,再注射不同剂量肝素 ,12h后处死大鼠。每组随机选取 7只大鼠取肺组织测肺含水量并进行病理检查。各组余5只大鼠断颈后取外周血并行支气管肺泡灌洗 ,应用ELISA法检测血及支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)中的肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)、白细胞介素 1β(IL 1β)、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)浓度 ;取其沉淀物 ,经Wright染色 ,计数 10 0个细胞中多形核白细胞 (PMN)所占百分比并计数白细胞。③结果　B、C、D、E组TNF α、IL 1β、IL 8浓度明显高于A组 (F=7.71～ 2 1.2 0 ,q =5 .2 2～ 7.80 ,P <0 .0 1) ;其中灌洗液中的浓度高于血浆中的浓度 (t=4 .32～ 10 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;C、D、E组浓度较B组明显下降 (q =3.6 4～ 5 .70 ,P <0 .0 5 )。B、C、D、E组BALF中WBC计数及PMN所占百分比与A组比较 ,差异均有显著性 (F =5 8.0 0、32 .34,q =6 .76～ 2 0 .83,P <0 .0 5 ) ;C、D、E组与B组比较差异均有显著性 (q =6     

2型糖尿病病人胰高血糖素和胰岛素水平的变化及临床意义

①目的　探讨 2型糖尿病病人空腹及馒头餐后血浆胰高血糖素、血清胰岛素含量的变化及意义。②方法　采用放射免疫法分别检测了 6 5例 2型糖尿病病人空腹及馒头餐后血浆胰高血糖素、胰岛素的水平变化 ,并与 34例健康人进行比较。③结果　糖尿病病人空腹及餐后各时相胰高血糖素水平均高于正常人 (t =16 .79～2 0 .37,P <0 .0 1)。糖尿病病人馒头餐后胰高血糖素水平明显升高 ,6 0min显著高于其空腹水平 (F =15 .4 5 ,q =5 .6 2 ,P <0 .0 1) ,180min时基本恢复到空腹水平。正常人餐后 30min胰高血糖素水平略有升高 ,后各时相逐渐下降 ,180min稍低于空腹水平 ,各时相变化均无显著性差异 (F =2 .38,P >0 .0 5 )。糖尿病病人胰岛素 /胰高血糖素比值馒头餐后上升迟缓 ,6 0min才高于其空腹水平 (F =2 .6 7,q =4 .11,P <0 .0 5 ) ;12 0、180min比值仍上升 ,亦明显高于其空腹水平 (q =4 .78、5 .4 3,P <0 .0 1)。正常对照组胰岛素 /胰高血糖素比值于馒头餐后上升快 ,6 0min达高峰(F =12 .6 7,q =5 .5 2 ,P <0 .0 1) ;180min与空腹相比无显著差异 (q =1.77,P >0 .0 5 )。④结论　 2型糖尿病病人存在较严重的胰岛A细胞功能异常 ;餐后胰岛素 /胰高血糖素比值是一项能敏感、准确判断糖尿病病情的可靠的指标。     

免疫复合物致大鼠肺间质纤维化作用的研究

①目的　探讨建立一种由免疫复合物 (IC)介导模拟特发性肺间质纤维化病变动物模型。②方法Wistar大鼠随机分为 3组 ,分别经气管内一次性注入生理盐水 (N组 )、博莱霉素 (B组 )、免疫复合物 (I组 )。第 7、1 4、2 8天处死动物 ,利用生化和组织病理等方法比较各组肺系数、羟脯氨酸 (HyP)含量及肺泡炎、纤维化的程度。③结果　第 7、1 4、2 8天时 ,I组肺组织肺系数均显著低于B组 (F =8.4 88～ 1 3.0 95 ,q =4 .0 5 2～ 5 .376 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,与N组相比 ,差异无显著性 (q =1 .2 89～ 1 .739,P >0 .0 5 )。I组羟脯氨酸含量与N组相比差异显著 (F =1 7.6 91～31 .85 8,q =6 .5 83～ 1 0 .71 9,P <0 .0 5 )。I组肺泡炎及纤维化程度均较N组重 (F =6 .6 82～ 33.2 5 0 ,q =4 .2 84～7.5 92 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,但轻于同期B组水平 (q =3.5 70～ 5 .1 1 6 ,P <0 .0 5 )。④结论　可以通过免疫复合物的介导建立肺间质纤维化模型。     

平滑肌肿瘤组织中DNA含量和bcl-2基因的表达

①目的　探讨平滑肌肿瘤中DNA含量、异倍体率及bcl 2表达与病理学特征的关系。②方法　采用IMS型彩色病理图像分析系统对 38例平滑肌肿瘤细胞DNA含量及倍体特征进行定量分析 ;同时采用免疫组织化学SABC方法检测 33例平滑肌肉瘤中Bcl 2蛋白的表达。③结果　DNA含量 (DI值 )在平滑肌瘤 (LM )、潜在恶性平滑肌瘤 (PMSMT)、平滑肌肉瘤Ⅰ级 (LS Ⅰ )及平滑肌肉瘤Ⅱ级 (LS Ⅱ )间的差异有显著意义 (F =10 .19,P <0 .0 1) ,其中LM组和PMSMT组低于LS Ⅰ和LS Ⅱ组 ,差异有显著意义 (q =3.5 5～ 6 .96 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,LM组与PMSMT组 ,LS Ⅰ与LS Ⅱ组比较差别无显著性 (q =1.81,0 .74 ,P >0 .0 5 )。恶性平滑肌肿瘤 (包括PMSMT和LS)组织的DNA含量及异倍体率均高于LM ,差异有显著性 (t=2 .16 ,P <0 .0 5 ;P =0 .0 0 16 )。肿瘤直径 >10cm者DNA含量高于直径 <6cm者 (F =4 .97,q =4 .4 5 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;直径 <6cm者与 6～ 10cm者 ,直径 >10cm者与6～ 10cm者DNA含量比较差异均无显著性 (q =1.6 9,2 .0 3,P >0 .0 5 )。有坏死者与无坏死者DNA含量比较 ,差异有显著性 (t=2 .76 ,P <0 .0 1) ,但其异倍体率比较无显著性差异 (P =0 .0 83)。Bcl 2蛋白阳性率在PMSMT ,LS Ⅰ及LS Ⅱ间比较差别无显著性 (P =0 .0 8～ 0 .75 )。④     

母亲妊娠年龄对婴幼儿智力发育的影响

①目的　探讨母亲妊娠年龄对婴幼儿时期智力发育的影响。②方法　将 12 0名婴幼儿根据其母亲妊娠年龄分为 4组 ,每组 30名 ,Ⅰ组其母亲妊娠年龄为 2 0～ 2 5岁 ,Ⅱ组为 2 6～ 30岁 ,Ⅲ组为 31～ 35岁 ,Ⅳ组为 >35岁。婴幼儿出生后即进行系统管理和纵向观察 ,并分别在 6 ,12 ,18,2 4 ,30月龄时 ,用Bayley婴幼儿发育量表对其神经精神发育进行评价 ,结果以智力发育指数 (MDI)和精神运动发育指数 (PDI)表示。③结果　Ⅳ组婴幼儿与其他各组比较 ,MDI在 6 ,18,2 4 ,30个月时较低 ,差异有显著性 (F =2 .72～ 2 1.0 6 ,q =3.4 3～ 6 .6 9,P <0 .0 5 ,0 .0 1) ,PDI在 6个月时较低 ,差异有显著性 (F =5 .70 ,q =3.75～ 5 .6 0 ,P <0 .0 5 ,0 .0 1) ,智力发育偏离或异常者为 6例 ,与其他组比较差异有极显著性 (χ2 =8.75 ,P <0 .0 1)。Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ,Ⅲ组婴幼儿各个年龄段的MDI和PDI差异无显著性 (q =0 .10～ 1.92 ,P >0 .0 5 )。④结论　超过 35岁以上妊娠对后代的智力发育有不利的影响     

扇贝多肽对大鼠脑缺血后缺血半影区Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响

①目的　探讨扇贝多肽 (PCF)对大鼠脑缺血半影区内Bcl 2和Bax蛋白表达的影响。②方法　应用线栓法制作Wistar大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注 (MCAO)模型 ,MCAO模型大鼠随机分为PCF治疗组、蒸馏水组和模型组。假手术组手术过程同MCAO模型组 ,但不闭塞大脑中动脉。免疫组织化学法测定脑组织缺血半影区Bcl 2和Bax蛋白的表达。③结果　模型组及蒸馏水组大鼠脑缺血半影区Bcl 2蛋白表达与假手术组相比差异有显著性 (F =6 83.78,q =2 1 .1 3、2 4 .74 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ;PCF组脑缺血半影区Bcl 2蛋白则呈过表达 ,与模型组及蒸馏水组相比有显著性差异 (q =38.0 8、4 1 .6 9,P <0 .0 1 )。模型组及蒸馏水组大鼠脑缺血半影区Bax蛋白表达与假手术组相比差异有极显著性 (F =5 90 .4 38,q =4 9.5 7、5 1 .98,P <0 .0 1 ) ;PCF治疗组脑缺血半影区Bax蛋白的表达则受到抑制 ,与模型组及蒸馏水组相比有显著性差异 (q =2 3.80、2 6 .2 3,P <0 .0 1 )。 ④结论　PCF能防止大鼠脑缺血后缺血半影区内神经元的凋亡     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.