电针对神经痛大鼠治疗作用的研究

目的观察神经痛大鼠电针治疗前后脊髓背角与痛觉相关的孤啡肽受体mRNA表达的变化,探讨电针对神经痛的治疗作用。方法30只SD大鼠随机分为3组,每组10只,对照组为正常大鼠,自由生长;神经痛组为大鼠坐骨神经慢性限制性损伤致神经痛模型;电针组为术后第7天给予神经痛大鼠电针治疗30 min。各组动物处死后,取脊髓背角组织,冰冻切片,采用原位杂交的方法,观察各组脊髓背角Ⅰ~Ⅵ层内与痛觉相关孤啡肽受体mRNA的变化。结果大鼠坐骨神经结扎后出现痛敏,电针能明显抑制大鼠痛敏,与神经痛组比较缩爪潜伏期(PWL)明显延长(P<0.01);对照组脊髓背角Ⅰ~Ⅵ层有少量孤啡肽mRNA阳性细胞,神经痛组大鼠术后第7天时脊髓背角孤啡肽mRNA阳性细胞数明显多于对照组,2组比较差异具有显著性(P<0.001);电针组脊髓背角Ⅰ~Ⅱ层、Ⅴ~Ⅵ层孤啡肽mRNA阳性细胞数与神经痛组比较,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。Ⅲ~Ⅳ层孤啡肽mRNA阳性细胞数与神经痛组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论电针对神经痛的治疗作用可能与脊髓背角内孤啡肽受体有关。     

大鼠中央灰质Fos蛋白与甲啡肽的共存

用免疫组织化学方法观察福尔马林脚掌皮下注射和足三里穴电针后清醒大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质（ＰＡＧ）中快速反应基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ在含甲啡肽神经元中的表达。实验中看到福尔马林注射组和电针刺激组动物的ＰＡＧ内均有Ｆｏｓ样免疫阳性反应（ＦＬＩ）标记神经元及ＦＬＩ与甲啡肽样免疫阳性反应（ＭＥＬＩ）双标记神经元,它们在ＰＡＧ的腹侧腹外侧部分布较多,对照动物ＦＬＩ标记神经元很少,共存现象极为少见。实验组与对照组神经无计数经统计处理差异非常显著。这一结果表明,福尔马林致痛和电针都能诱导ＰＡＧ中含脑啡肽神经元内（ｃ－ｆｏｓ的表达,提示伤害性刺激及针刺均可激活ＰＡＧ的腹侧腹外侧部这一重要的中枢镇痛部位。神经元中ＦＬＩ与ＭＥＬＩ的并存提示ＰＡＧ中Ｆｏｓ可能对前脑啡肽原基因表达有调控作用。     

鞘内注射咪唑安定对福尔马林致痛大鼠镇痛作用ED50的测定

目的：研究在福尔马林致痛大鼠模型鞘内注射咪唑安定镇痛作用的半数有效剂量（ED50）及其对痛行为的影响。方法：选择鞘内成功置管的雄性SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组（n=8）：对照组（C组）、生理盐水组（NS组）、致痛前给药组（M1组）及致病后给药组（M2组）。鞘内置管后5d,NS组、M1组及M2组大鼠于左后足掌部皮下注射5％福尔马林100μL致痛,致痛前10min,NS组鞘内注射20μL生理盐水,MI组鞘内注射咪唑安定22μg,C组鞘内注射20μL生理盐水,足底注射100μL生理盐水作为对照。采用大鼠缩腿、舔爪时间之和作为行为学观察指标。结果：NS组、M1组与M2组第二相缩腿、舔瓜累计时间显著长于C组（P〈0．01）;M1组与M2组的缩腿、舔爪累计时间短于NS组（P〈0．01）;且M1组短于M2组（P〈0．01）。结论：在福尔马林致病大鼠模型中鞘内注射咪唑安定镇痛作用的ED50为21．8μg,咪唑安定具有超前镇痛效应。     

两种慢性痛大鼠脊神经节生长抑素mRNA的表达及电针的影响

目的：观察福尔马林试验和去传入神经两种慢性痛模型大鼠脊神经节生长抑素mRNA的改变。方法：原位杂交组织化学，结果：福尔马林试验可导致大鼠同侧脊神经节生长抑素mRNA阳性细胞增加，而去传入神经则导致大鼠双侧脊神经节生长抑素mRNA阳性细胞减少，结论：电针可以分别改变两种模型大鼠脊神经节生长抑素mRNA的表达。     

鞘内注射咪唑安定对福尔马林致痛大鼠脊髓c-fos表达的影响

目的：研究鞘内注射咪唑安定对福尔马林致痛大鼠脊髓c-fos表达的影响。方法：雄性SD大鼠32只，随机分为4组（n=8）：对照组（C组）、模型组（F组）、生理盐水组（NS组）及咪唑安定组（M组）。鞘内置管后5d，F组、NS组及M组大鼠于左后足掌部皮下注射5％福尔马林100μL，注射福尔马林前20min，NS组鞘内注射20μL生理盐水，M组鞘内注射4μL（20μg）咪唑安定和16μL生理盐水，C组足底注射生理盐水100μL。采用疼痛加权评分评价疼痛行为学，并在足底注射后2h后将所有动物处死取脊髓膨大处，采用免疫组织化学法观察脊髓背角c—fos表达。结果：与C组比较，F组、NS组脊髓背角c－fos表达增加（P〈0．01）；与F组、NS组比较，M组脊髓背角c—fos表达降低（P〈0．01）。结论：鞘内注射咪唑安定可抑制福尔马林炎性疼痛引起的脊髓中c－fos表达增加，可能与咪唑安定的抗伤害和镇痛作用有关。     

γ-氨基丁酸及其受体在大鼠脊髓疼痛传导通路中的表达

目的 研究福尔马林致痛大鼠腰膨大段脊髓背角γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)及GABAAβ3受体mRNA的表达变化.方法 32只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:空白对照组(n=8)、致痛对照组(n=8)、置入导管对照组(n=8)及置入导管给药组(n=8).致痛大鼠采用福尔马林炎性痛模型,观察致痛后大鼠疼痛退缩反应,并分别应用免疫组织化学和原位杂交方法 比较致痛24 h后大鼠腰膨大段脊髓背角两侧GABA免疫阳性细胞和GABAAβ3受体mRNA的表达差异.结果 在福尔马林致痛后鞘内注射蝇萆醇可抑制大鼠第2期的退缩反应,其退缩反应数明显低于致痛对照组和置入导管对照组(P<0.05).致痛24h后,GABA免疫反应神经元在致痛对照组和置入导管对照组致痛侧腰段脊髓背角Ⅰ～Ⅲ层有大量表达,与各自组的非致痛侧及空白对照组两侧相比数量明显增加(P<0.05),置入导管给药组在两侧脊髓的表达与空白对照组两侧、致痛对照组和置入导管对照组非致痛侧比较无明显差异(P>0.05).与致痛对照组和置入导管对照组致痛侧比较数量明显减少(P<0.05).GABAAβ3受体mRNA阳性细胞在致痛对照组和置入导管对照组两侧腰段脊髓背角第Ⅱ和第Ⅲ层有大量表达,分别与空白对照组和置入导管给药组比较,其数量明显增加(P<0.05),置入导管给药和空白对照组相比,其数量无明显差异(P>0.05).结论 GABA及其GABAAβ3受体参与了脊髓对外周伤害性刺激的应答及调控.     

孤啡肽在脑内对抗电针镇痛在脊髓加强电针镇痛

目的：观察孤啡肽（ＯＦＱ）是否影响电针镇痛。方法：通过侧脑室和脊髓蛛网膜下腔慢性埋植瘘管，分别在大鼠脑内和脊髓内注射ＯＦＱ，观察其对电针镇痛效应的影响。结果：首次发现ｉ．ｃ，ｖ，注射ＯＦＱ１ｎｍｏｌ和１０ｎｍｏｌ，可剂量依赖地对抗高频（１００Ｈｚ）电针镇痛，而ｉ．ｔ．注射ＯＦＱ３ｎｍｏｌ和１０ｎｍｏｌ可剂量依赖地加强高频电针镇痛。结论：孤啡肽在脑内对抗电针镇痛，在脊髓加强电针镇痛。     

孤啡肽在脑内对抗电针镇痛在脊髓加强电针镇痛

目的：观察孤啡肽（ＯＦＱ）是否影响电针镇痛。方法：通过侧脑室和脊髓蛛网膜下腔慢性埋植瘘管，分别在大鼠脑内和脊内注射ＯＦＱ，观察其对针镇痛效应的影响。结果：首次发现ｉ．ｃ．ｖ．注射ＯＦＱ１ｎｍｏｌ和１０ｎｍｏｌ，可剂量依赖地对抗高频（１００Ｈｚ）电针镇痛，而ｉ．ｔ．注射ＯＦＡ３ｎｍｏｌ和１０ｎｍｏｌ可剂量依赖地加强调频恧 针镇痛。结论：孤啡肽在脑内对抗电针镇痛，在脊髓加强电针镇痛。     

大鼠侧脑室及鞘内注射孤啡肽减弱电针镇痛效应

在大鼠电刺激甩尾测痛模型上，观察了侧脑室及鞘内注射孤啡肽对电针镇前的影响。结果表明，大鼠ＩＣＶ及ＩＴ注射１μｇ孤啡肽均可降低痛阈，ＩＴ注射１μｇＯＦＱ减弱电针镇痛效应。ＩＣＶ注射１μｇＯＦＱ可反转电针镇痛作用。提示中枢ＯＦＱ不利于电针镇痛。     

银杏叶影响疼痛大鼠c-fos表达的实验研究

目的:通过给予福尔马林致痛大鼠银杏叶片的混悬液制剂后,观察大鼠脑区c-fos的变化,来探讨银杏叶对伤害性刺激所致脑内变化的作用的机理。方法:取SD雌性大鼠50只,随机分为5组:模型组、药物对照组、给药组(高、中、低3个剂量组)。药物对照组给予花生油10 d,给药组给予高、中、低3个剂量的银杏叶混悬液,每天给药2次.给药10 d后,在大鼠右脚掌给予5%的福尔马林150μl刺激,2 h后将大鼠处死,取海马做连续切片后,采用HE染色,在光镜下进行定位,用c-fos做免疫组化染色,对照图谱在显微镜下观察c-fos在海马区的阳性细胞数。结果:高剂量给药组使c-fos阳性细胞在海马的各区都减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);中、低剂量组除齿状回外使海马其他区c-fos表达的阳性细胞减少(P<0.01)。结论:大鼠给予银杏叶片后,炎性致痛大鼠海马区及下丘脑区的c-fos揭示了银杏叶片在疼痛大鼠的中枢神经系统对c-fos有一定的影响作用。在海马c-fos表达减少。证实了银杏叶镇痛的中枢机制,为银杏叶更广泛的临床应用提供了依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.