CT血管造影分析体外循环与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植后的桥血管通畅率

背景:近年来,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植后桥血管通畅率是否与传统的体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植相同存在争议.目的:探讨体外循环与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植后桥血管时间通畅率的差异性.方法:选取同一操作者行体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植患者100例,按其临床特征及桥血管病变危险因素匹配抽取非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植患者137例.采用64排多螺旋CT血管造影分析冠脉搭桥后1个月,1年,2年,3年,4年的桥血管通畅情况.结果与结论:共对641条桥血管进行评价,两组中左侧乳内动脉桥血管时间通畅率均高于大隐静脉桥,两组左侧乳内动脉桥和人隐静脉桥血管时间通畅率比较差异均无显著性意义.说明非体外循环与体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植后患者桥血管时间通畅率相似,对于某些适当的患者来说,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植不失为一个良好的选择.     

冠状动脉旁路移植手术后不同移植血管远期通畅率

目的:比较冠状动脉旁路移植手术后不同移植血管材料的远期通畅率.方法:回顾性分析76例行冠状动脉旁路移植手术后5 a以上患者临床资料及冠状动脉造影复查情况以及移植血管的通畅率并进行比较.结果:共移植血管231支,其中移植左乳内动脉71支,右乳内动脉11支,桡动脉15支,胃网膜右动脉9支,大隐静脉125支;复查冠状动脉造影显示,移植血管通畅157支(通畅率67.97%),狭窄19支(狭窄率8.23%),闭塞55支(闭塞率23.81%);左乳内动脉通畅率83.10%,右乳内动脉通畅率63.64%,桡动脉通畅率73.33%,胃网膜右动脉通畅率66.67%,大隐静脉通畅率59.20%.结论:冠状动脉旁路移植手术移植左乳内动脉有良好远期通畅率,明显高于大隐静脉.     

非体外循环下左侧乳内动脉及桡动脉Y型桥的冠状动脉旁路移植术近期疗效观察——附36例报告

目的:探讨非体外循环下左侧乳内动脉及桡动脉Y型桥的冠状动脉旁路移植术的疗效及安全性.方法:对36例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术,采用左侧乳内动脉及桡动脉作为移植物.术后利用Medi-stim Butterfly流量计进行桥血管流量测定,并记录血流量及搏动指数.结果:全组36例共行冠状动脉旁路血管移植149支,平均4.1支/例.桥血管流量测定均通畅,左乳内动脉干的流量为(31±6)mL/min,搏动指数为2.0±0.5,桡动脉的流量为(45±12) mL/min,搏动指数为1.9±0.7.36例中,无手术死亡病例,术后因胸骨后出血而开胸止血1例,术后4例诉手背外侧感觉异常、麻木,无发生围手术期心肌梗死、脑部并发症,无胸骨、纵隔感染.结论:非体外循环下左侧乳内动脉及桡动脉Y型桥的冠状动脉旁路移植术是安全、有效的手术方式,可以达到完全心肌血运重建目的,手术近期效果满意.     

Symmetry吻合装置应用于非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植

目的:报告临床应用桥血管-主动脉吻合装置,在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术的初步经验,探讨其可行性与安全性。方法:2003年10月-12月,23例在非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植(OPCAB)手术中应用Symmetry桥血管-主动脉吻合装置实现主动脉无钳夹技术。4例患者伴有严重的升主动脉钙化性粥样硬化。应用吻合装置完成近端吻合口共计59个,平均2.6个/例。术前应用升主动脉薄层CT平扫评价其粥样硬化及钙化程度,术中采用升主动脉超声检查结合手指扪查升主动脉的方法,避开钙化斑块,进行近端吻合口的定位。再血管化的顺序为:(1)左乳内动脉与左前降支远端吻合;(2)应用主动脉无钳夹技术,以吻合装置完成所有静脉桥血管与主动脉近端吻合;(3)顺次完成所有静脉桥血管与冠状动脉远端吻合。术后以抗血小板药物治疗6个月。术后患者均接受门诊或电话随访。结果:全组应用吻合装置完成近端吻合口59个均获得成功,术中未发现吻合口漏血需手工缝合修补情况。全组无手术死亡病例。围术期未发生心肌梗死。无脑血管意外、二次开胸止血、心功能衰竭等严重围术期并发症。术后1年随访,发现23例患者中有2例心绞痛症状复发,其中1例复查冠状动脉造影证实所有桥血管均通畅。另1例患者未能复查冠状动脉造影,于术后18个月死亡。结论:Symmetry桥血管-主动脉吻合装置可以安全地应用于OPCAB手术。特别是为实现冠脉手术的主动脉无钳夹技术,以解决升主动脉钙化问题,提供了一种可选择的方法。但其对于静脉桥血管远期通畅率的影响值得关注,并有待进一步大组病例临床研究的证实。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的配合

目前,冠心病是威胁人类健康的主要疾病之一,它最有效的治疗方法就是冠状动脉旁路移植术,简称冠脉搭桥术。非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术主要是利用冠状动脉血管固定器通过短时阻断冠状动脉血流,而提供无血的吻合术野,同时采用自体乳内动脉和大隐静脉在主动脉和冠状动脉之间搭桥。良好     

不同抗凝药物对冠状动脉旁路移植术后患者桥血管通畅程度及安全性的影响

目的比较阿司匹林肠溶片、硫酸氢氯吡咯雷片、替格瑞洛对冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后患者桥血管通畅程度及安全性的影响。方法将150例行CABG术患者按照随机数字表法分为A、B、C 3组,每组50例。3组患者术后给予不同药物抗凝治疗,A组给予阿司匹林肠溶片,B组给予硫酸氢氯吡咯雷片,C组给予替格瑞洛,均连续治疗6个月。比较3组患者术后桥血管通畅率、出血事件发生率以及心源性死亡、卒中、靶血管重建、非致命心肌梗死等主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率。结果150例患者术中共搭左乳内动脉157根,大隐静脉169根,术后3个月、6个月3组患者动脉、静脉桥血管通畅率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后随访1年,3组患者出血事件发生率、MACE发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论阿司匹林肠溶片、硫酸氢氯吡咯雷片以及替格瑞洛对CABG术后患者的桥血管通畅率、出血事件、MACE无显著差异。     

体外与非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术对照研究的Meta分析

背景:研究表明,非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术和体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术后患者生活质量无明显差别.导致冠状动脉旁路移植术后患者生活质量下降的主要原因是桥血管病变和心律失常.目的:评价非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术与常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术相比是否具有优越性.方法:检索2000/2009国内关于检索非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术与体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术手术后疗效的临床对比研究,收集相关数据并用RevMan 4.2统计软件进行Meta分析.结果与结论:检索并纳入本次研究的文献共16篇,其中行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术组的病例1 392例,行体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术组的病例1 252例.Meta分析结果示:非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植组的手术效果优于体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植组,非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植组在ICU时间、呼吸机辅助时间、住院时间、术后24 h引流量、术后并发症上都明显低于体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植组(P<0.05),但在移植血管数上低于体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植组(P<0.05),而两组在年龄上差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).提示近期观察非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠状动脉病变比体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植治疗效果更好,但远期效果如何,尚未形成定论.     

不接触技术获取大隐静脉对静脉桥通畅率影响的研究进展

冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grafting, CABG)可有效缓解冠心病患者的缺血症状,但静脉桥CABG后10年通畅率约为50%,不利于患者的长期预后。CABG桥血管常选用原位左乳内动脉、大隐静脉及桡动脉等,但左乳内动脉长度有限,桡动脉不易获取、易痉挛等,大隐静脉是目前最主要的血管移植物材料之一。大隐静脉的获取技术是影响静脉桥中远期通畅率的主要因素之一。应用不接触技术获取带蒂大隐静脉,即保留大隐静脉周围部分组织及血管外膜、保持静脉结构的完整性,然后作为桥血管应用于CABG,可取得与左乳内动脉桥相似的中远期通畅率。本文就不接触技术获取大隐静脉及在CABG中的应用情况、作用机制作一综述。     

双源CT对冠状动脉桥血管的评价

【目的】评价双源螺旋CT对冠脉搭桥术后桥血管开通的诊断价值。【方法】对57例冠状动脉搭桥术后的患者行双源螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查。【结果】所有141支桥血管均重建成功。其中内乳动脉桥39支,大隐静脉桥102支,通畅的桥血管102支（72．3％）,不同程度狭窄15支（10．63％）,完全闭塞24支（17．02％）。39支内乳动脉桥支33支通畅（84．62％）,102支大隐静脉桥支69支通畅（67．65％）,两种桥血管间相比较差异显著（P〈0．05）。【结论】双源螺旋CT是评价冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管开通的有价值的无创检查方法。     

冠脉搭桥术后桥管的超声检查方法研究

目的探讨经胸超声检查冠脉搭桥术后桥管的显像方法及血流状态。方法采用经胸超声冠脉血流显像与高频血管显像相结合对左乳内动脉原位转流至左前降支、大隐静脉-右冠状动脉及大隐静脉-左回旋支桥管进行检查。结果左乳内动脉桥管、大隐静脉-右冠状动脉及大隐静脉-左回旋支桥管显示率分别为100%、93.75%和20%。左乳内动脉及大隐静脉桥管的血流均为舒张期为主的双期血流;左乳内动脉桥管的舒张期血流速度及流速时间积分大于大隐静脉桥管（P〈0.05）。结论经胸超声是术后桥管检查的较好方法,可用于无创的评估术后桥管血流状态。     

Assessment of coronary artery bypass graft patency by multidetector computed tomography and electron-beam tomography

This case report describes the use of retrospectively ECG-gated 16-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and electron-beam tomography (EBT) for assessing bypass graft patency in two patients with recurrent angina after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The results of each tomographic modality were compared to the findings of traditional coronary angiography. In the first patient MDCT showed occlusion of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and saphenous vein graft after the second anastomosis. Coronary angiography confirmed these findings. In the second patient EBT showed patency of the LIMA and saphenous vein graft. After the first anastomosis of the saphenous vein graft, the connected vessel filled poorly. Coronary angiography confirmed both grafts to be patent, and detected an occlusion distal to the first anastomosis. These findings support the evidence that both MDCT and EBT are suitable techniques for establishing bypass graft patency by non-invasive means.     

冠状动脉桥血管的多层螺旋CT和造影评价

目的:评价多层螺旋CT在显示冠状动脉桥血管中的临床应用价值。方法:21例冠状动脉血管旁路移植术后患者行多层螺旋CT血管成像及常规造影检查,分析CT诊断桥血管通畅性和狭窄的可靠性。结果:多层螺旋CT血管成像成功检测出21例患者共45支桥血管,15支桥血管闭塞,30支桥血管通畅,10支共16处狭窄,5支桥血管明显狭窄(>50%)8处,5支桥血管显示轻度狭窄(<50%)病变8处,MSCT评价桥血管闭塞和明显狭窄和导管造影完全符合。结论:多层螺旋CT尤其是64层CT能够准确地评价冠状动脉桥血管及吻合口的通畅性和狭窄情况,可以作为临床上对冠状动脉桥血管可疑病变的一种常规的无创性检查手段。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后移植血管64排螺旋CT血管成像与选择性血管造影对比研究

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT血管成像对冠状动脉旁路移植血管诊断的准确性和应用价值。方法:对20例实施冠状动脉旁路移植5 a以上冠心病患者进行随访。冠状动脉及移植血管同时行64排螺旋CT血管成像和选择性血管造影,比较分析2种检查结果。结果:共移植血管58支。以选择性移植血管造影结果为标准,64排螺旋CT血管成像对移植血管闭塞诊断的敏感性为77.27%,特异性为97.22%,阳性预测值为94.44%,阴性预测值为87.50%,准确性为89.66%;对于闭塞加狭窄诊断的敏感性为81.48%,特异性为93.55%,阳性预测值为91.67%,阴性预测值为85.29%,准确性为87.93%。结论:64排螺旋CT血管成像对移植血管病变具有较高敏感性和特异性,可作为冠状动脉旁路移植手术后检查方法,尤其适用于选择性血管造影检查困难的移植血管。     

64层螺旋CT在评价冠状动脉桥血管中的价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT在诊断冠状动脉桥血管的临床价值。方法对21例冠状动脉搭桥术的患者行64层螺旋CT心、胸部血管造影检查。对所有扫描原始数据行冠状、矢状MPR、曲面重建(CPR)以及VR、MIP重建。由两位有经验的放射科医生对所有图像进行观察,对桥血管狭窄进行诊断,并评价其狭窄程度。8例CT诊断桥血管重度狭窄(管腔狭窄>75%)或闭塞的患者同时行选择性血管造影检查。结果21例患者均可清晰地显示冠状动脉各主要分支,并能清晰地显示其斑块和管腔的狭窄。21例患者经螺旋CT心、胸部血管造影检查,可清晰显示52条桥血管,其中13条桥血管出现再狭窄(10条为大隐静脉桥血管,3条为乳内动脉桥血管),狭窄部位均位于桥血管吻合口处;重度狭窄7条,闭塞1条,此8条桥血管均与选择性血管的结果相吻合,CT评价冠状动脉桥血管重度狭窄的准确性为100%。结论64层螺旋CT心、胸血管造影检查不但能显示冠状动脉桥血管,而且能清晰地显示原始的冠状动脉及冠状动脉与桥血管的吻合口,是评价冠状动脉桥血管的一种有效的可靠的检查方法。     

多层螺旋CT对冠状动脉桥血管的评价

目的评价16层螺旋CT对冠状动脉桥血管的显示能力。方法回顾性分析17例冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)后患者的CT和选择性桥血管造影的资料,男15例,女2例,年龄51～78岁,平均(67±7)岁,术后6～85个月,平均(32±19)个月。共40支桥血管,原位乳内动脉13支,游离桡动脉11支,游离大隐静脉16支。由两位有丰富心血管影像诊断学经验的医生采用双盲法阅片,并取得一致结果。评价指标包括CT成像中桥血管的可评价性、有无闭塞或狭窄(管径缩小50%～99%)。结果所有40支桥血管均可评价,CT准确诊断5支桥血管闭塞和1支狭窄外,各有1例假阳性,其诊断桥血管闭塞与狭窄的敏感性、特异性达100%和97%,准确率分别为97.5%和97.1%。发生闭塞的血管与桥血管的类型和分布无关。结论16层螺旋CT是一种值得信赖的无创性随访研究桥血管通畅性的影像学方法。     

70岁以上冠状动脉搭桥术患者围手术期的护理

目的：总结70岁以上高龄冠状动脉搭桥术（CABG）患者46例的围术期护理体会。方法：非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥述（OPCABG）35例，平均搭桥（2．34±0．74）支；体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥（CABG）11例，平均搭桥（2．54±0．63）支。充分做好患者的心理护理，术前加强呼吸功能的训练。术后精心护理，做好各系统的监测。结果：全组死亡1例，4例出现并发症，术后呼吸机使用时间：OPCABC患者（8．0±4．39）h，CCABG患者（15．46±9．63）h，住ICU时间（2．56±1．45）d，术后平均住院时间（14．38±5．82）d。结论：高龄患者手术风险大，术后护理难度高，既要做好充分的术前准备和精心的术后护理，更要加强病人的心理支持和干预，改善和提高患者的生活质量。     

Multicenter radial artery patency study (RAPS). Study design

The use of an internal thoracic artery rather than a saphenous vein graft for left anterior descending coronary artery bypass is associated with improved long-term outcome. Hence, expanded use of arterial conduits for other coronary targets has been advocated. The radial artery possesses a number of anatomic features that are technically advantageous compared with other arterial conduits. This study will determine the relative patency of the radial artery compared to the saphenous vein for right and circumflex coronary bypass. Patients with graftable multivessel coronary disease and an estimated left ventricular ejection fraction >/= 35% undergoing nonemergent primary isolated coronary bypass surgery are eligible. The right and circumflex vessels must have high-grade lesions (>/= 70% diameter stenosis), with target segments of reasonable quality >/= 1.5 mm in diameter. Patients serve as their own controls. The radial artery is randomly allocated to bypass the right or circumflex territory and a saphenous vein is used for the nonradial site. An internal thoracic artery is used for the left anterior descending coronary artery in all cases. Randomization is stratified by center. The primary study endpoint is graft patency as determined by angiography, 8-12 months postoperatively. The relative patency of the radial artery compared with the saphenous vein will be determined using McNemar's test. A sample size of 464 patients will provide 80% power for a two-tailed test (alpha = 0.05) for a 40% relative reduction in the rate of distal anastomotic occlusion from 12% in the saphenous vein to 7.2% in the radial arteries assuming a 20% within-patient correlation. A single interim analysis will be performed following completion of 232 angiograms. To allow for lack of follow-up angiography in up to 20% of enrolled patients, we plan to randomize a total of 560 patients. It is also our intention to assess the long-term patency (5-10 years) of radial artery relative to saphenous vein grafts in follow-up studies. Three hundred patients were recruited from 12 Canadian, university-affiliated sites from November 1996 until February 1999, of which 128 patients have undergone follow-up angiography. Approximately 80% of those who have been followed for more than 1 year have undergone follow-up angiography. This trial will determine the 8-12 month patency of the radial artery relative to the saphenous vein for non-left anterior descending coronary bypass using a novel study design which helps control for potential bias from individual patient and vessel factors. Positive results would support the use of the radial artery in particular, and multiple arterial grafts in general.     

The detection of pulmonary embolisms after a coronary artery bypass graft surgery by the use of 64-slice multidetector CT

The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) after a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using 64-slice multidetector CT (MDCT), and to determine the correlations between the occurrence of a PE and the clinical or surgical parameters. Three hundred and twenty-six consecutive patients, who underwent coronary CT angiography using 64-slice MDCT to assess the graft patency after CABG, were enrolled in this study. Additional axial CT images, which were reconstructed by adopting a large field of view and thinner image slices, were reviewed for the presence of PE. The relationship between the occurrence of a PE and the type of surgery (off-pump CABG versus conventional CABG), number of target vessels, use of a saphenous vein graft, and length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) were evaluated. PE was detected on the CT images of 33 patients (10.1%), which involved the lobar or more proximal arteries in seven patients and the segmental or subsegmental arteries in 26. PE occurred more frequently after off-pump CABG (16.5%, 14/85) than after conventional CABG (7.9%, 19/241) (P = 0.024). Patients with PE were older (67 years vs. 62.7 years) and had longer stays in the ICU (5.6 days vs. 3.8 days) than those without (P = 0.013 and P = 0.007, respectively). No significant difference was observed in the number of target vessels and use of a saphenous vein graft between patients with and without an embolism. In a multi-variable analysis, the age of the patient, surgical methods, and ICU stay were independent predictors for the occurrence of PE (P = 0.013, P = 0.017, and P = 0.005, respectively). MDCT helps detect PE in patients after CABG. It is encountered more frequently after off-pump CABG than after conventional CABG and in older patients with longer ICU stays.