玻璃体切除术治疗复杂性眼内异物

目的：评价玻璃体切除术治疗眼内异物伤的效果及相关因素。方法：回顾性分析1996年4月－1999年10月间经玻璃体手术治疗的复杂性眼内异物45例（48眼）的临床资料。结果：玻璃体手术后,47眼成功地摘出异物,成功率为97.9％。术后视力提高33眼（68.8％）,不变10眼（20.8％）,下降5眼（10.4％）。视力＞0.02 34眼（70.8％）,其中视力≥0.1者9眼,最佳矫正视力0.8。术后14眼视网膜脱离复位（77.7％）。结论：玻璃体手术治疗可有效地摘出复杂性眼内异物,提高术后视力,同时处理其并发症。     

玻璃体视网膜手术治疗眼内后段异物伤

目的 评价玻璃体视网膜手术治疗眼内后段异物伤的疗效。方法 对17例(17只眼)眼内后段异物伤患者施行玻璃体切除、晶状体切除、眼内异物取出、眼内光凝、眼内充填术，部分病例结合巩膜外环扎等联合手术。结果 一次性异物摘出率100％。术后视力提高12只眼，不变4只眼，下降1只眼。结论 应用玻璃体视网膜手术治疗眼内后段异物伤，具有异物摘出成功率高，有利于及时处理并发症和恢复有用视力。     

玻璃体视网膜联合术治疗复杂眼球穿通伤伴眼内异物

目的：探讨玻璃体视网膜联合术治疗复杂眼球穿通伤伴眼内异物的疗效。方法：应用玻璃体切割术、眼内异物取出术、外伤性白内障摘除术、眼内光凝、眼内充填术,部分病例结合巩膜外加压术等玻璃体视网膜手术治疗复杂眼球穿通伤伴眼内异物41只眼。结果：41只眼异物均一次手术取出,术后视力高于术前者36只眼（87．80％）,等于术前者4只眼（9．76％）,下降者1只眼（2．44％）。3个月至3年随访期间,无一便发生复发性视网膜脱离。结论：复杂眼于穿通伤伴眼内异物常导致眼内多种组织的严重损伤。玻璃体切割、异物取出等联合手术是准确、安全、有效的治疗方法,可挽救患者一定视功能。     

玻璃体切割术治疗异物引起的眼球贯通伤

目的评价异物引起的眼球贯通伤行玻璃体切割术的治疗效果,探讨异物取出的手术路径和玻璃体切割手术时机的选择。方法回顾性系列病例研究。由异物导致的眼球贯通伤56例（56眼）。根据CT和B超检查结果联合定位,分为球壁异物组（24例）和眶内异物组（32例）。24例球壁异物在伤后1周内均通过玻璃体视网膜手术取出异物。32例眶内异物中有22例先行眶内异物取出联合后巩膜伤口缝合术。10例因异物位于后极部或眶深部未行取出术。所有眶内异物组患眼均于伤后2周左有行玻璃体视网膜手术修复眼内组织。随访3-12个月,观察术后视力和并发症。以卡方检验分析影响术后视力的冈素。结果玻璃体切割术后,50例（89％）患者视力较术前提高,34例（61％）术后最佳矫正视力≥0．05。异物人口位置（X^2=7．69,P=0．01）、出口位置（X^2=21．83,P〈0．01）、视网膜脱离（X^2=-16．64,P〈0．01）、脉络膜脱离（X^2=7．73,P=0．01）以及眼内感染（X^2=6．89．P=0．01）对术后视力影响较大。术后6例发生视网膜脱离,2例低眼压,12例发生黄斑前膜或皱褶。结论根据异物的位置和眼内情况选择恰当的手术路径和玻璃体切割的手术时机,最大限度地减少手术对视网膜组织的损伤及预防增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变是成功治疗眼球贯通伤的关键。     

玻璃体手术在后段眼内异物及其外伤性视网膜裂孔中的应用

目的探讨现代显微玻璃体手术在治疗眼后段眼内异物及其外伤性视网膜裂孔中的应用。方法对48例（48眼）眼内异物,包括磁性异物28例,非磁性异物20例,常规行玻璃体切除手术治疗、内路异物摘出、剥除异物床区玻璃体后皮质、眼内光凝及封闭视网膜裂孔。临床随访评估手术效果及并发症。结果48例（48眼）均摘出异物,视力改善或不变者44例（91．67％）,视网膜脱离复位47例（97．92％）。结论眼后段眼内异物及其外伤性视网膜裂孔应选择玻璃体联合手术,尽量去除诱发外伤性增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的危险因素。     

复合性眼内异物伤的联合手术

目的：探讨复合性眼内异物伤的各种联合手术方法。统计其结果。方法：对眼内异物伤伴有角膜瘢痕,外伤性白内障,玻璃体浑浊,PVR,牵引性视网膜裂孔,视网膜脱离或和眼内炎等,分别进行异物出与晶状体切除,玻璃体切除,视网膜复位,人工晶状体植入,角膜移植等三联,四联或五联手术,术后随访观察,统计效果。结果：复合性磁性及非磁性眼内异物伤45例（45眼）其中36例（80％）术后视力达0．5－1．0,术后视力达0．0542例（93．33％）,结论：合并晶状体,玻璃体,视网膜或／及角膜外伤的复合性眼内异物伤,进行联合手术是安全的,效果良好,视力恢复尚满意。     

眼内异物取出术后视网膜脱离的临床分析

本文为分析眼内异物取出术后发生视网膜脱离的原因及手术注意事项，对２０例眼内异物取出术后视网膜脱离的眼外伤患者进行回顾性研究。结果２０例均为牵拉性视网膜脱离，其中１２例有明确的玻璃体机化条索与视网膜相连，术中视网膜复位者１８例（９０％），术后视力提高者１５例（７５％），视力不变者１例（５％），视力下降者４例（２０％），其中术后脱盲（视力＞０．０５）者３人（１５％）。结论：眼内异物取出术后发生视网膜脱离的主要原因为外伤性增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变，应根据病史、异物性质及存留位置、眼部并发症等因素综合考虑决定手术方式和时机，减少异物取出术后视网膜脱离的发生     

玻璃体切除术治疗复杂眼内异物

目的 探讨玻璃体切除术治疗复杂眼内异物的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析我院眼外伤科118例(118眼)复杂眼内异物的临床资料,对手术效果进行分析.结果 一次性摘出异物116眼(98.3％).视力提高98眼(83.0％),视力无改变12眼(10.2％),视力下降8眼(6.8％);术中92眼行视网膜激光光凝(80％);68眼行硅油填充(57.6％);8眼行一期人工晶状体植入(6.8％);术后并发视网膜脱离9跟(7.6％);继发性眼压升高26跟(22.0％);眼球萎缩2眼(1.7％).结论 玻璃体切除治疗复杂眼内异物有其独特的优势,手术时机的选择、手术过程的设计和术后并发症的处理对手术效果有重要意义.     

玻璃体切割治疗后段眼内异物伤视力预后及相关因素分析

目的 评价经玻璃体切除手术治疗后段眼内异物伤的临床疗效,以及术后视力预后的主要影响因素. 方法 于2008年9月至2011年6月,经玻璃体切除治疗后段眼内异物伤患者64例64眼,对术前最佳矫正视力 (BCVA)、异物大小、异物位置、外伤严重程度、手术时间、视网膜脱离(RD)与术后BCVA的关系进行分析.结果 经玻璃体切除术后BCVA≥0.1者50只眼(78.13％),≥0.5者18只眼(28.13％).玻璃体切除联合眼内异物取出手术后影响BCVA的因素为伤口长度、术前BCVA、手术时机、RD、眼内炎、tPVR、异物损伤区域.结论 后段眼内异物伤宜首选玻璃体切割手术.合并 RD、眼内炎和tPVR者应尽早行玻璃体切割手术治疗,但术后视力预后差.     

玻璃体切割术治疗后节眼球内异物的临床分析

目的 探讨玻璃体切割术治疗后节眼球内异物的临床效果。方法 对我院1999年1月～2004年10月收治各种后节球内异物95例98眼进行回顾性研究，均采用玻璃体切割联合眼球内异物取出术。按照手术前并发症将研究对象分为眼内炎组、牵拉性视网膜脱离组（Traction retinal detachment，TRD）与其它组，分析眼外伤严重程度对预后的影响，按照手术干预距外伤时间分为不同时间组，分析手术时间对眼球内异物预后的影响。结果 98眼中93眼后节眼球内异物一次手术取出率为94．0％。出院时视力≥0．01者69眼（69／98 70．41％），最好视力0．8。41例随访3个月～25个月，视力〈0．01者10眼（10／41 24．39％），0．01～0．09者12眼（12／41 29．27％），≥0．1者19眼（19／41 46．34％）。眼内炎组术后视力≥0．01为31．25％，非眼内炎非TRD组术后视力≥0．01为85．71％，两组比较有显著差异性（X^2=15．25，P〈0．005）。TRD组术后视力≥0．01为66．67％，与非眼内炎非TRD组比较，有显著差异性（X^2=4.18，P〈0．05）。眼内异物伤后24小时之内进行玻璃体切割眼内异物摘除术，术后视力≥0．01为70．59％，但经X^2处理差别无显著意义。结论 玻璃体切割术治疗后节眼球内异物有临床优越性。玻璃体切割眼球内异物取出术后视力恢复与外伤严重程度有关。为防止并发症对术后视力影响，应强调尽早行玻璃体切割眼球内异物取出手术。但需根据眼内炎症的反应、异物的性质及玻璃体视网膜情况决定手术时机。     

Spectrum of intra-ocular foreign bodies and the outcome of their management in Brunei Darussalam

To review the etiologies, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) occurring in the population of Brunei Darussalam, and provide guidelines to prevent and manage such injuries. A retrospective review was performed for all cases of traumatic IOFBs managed in our centre during a 3-year period between May 2008 and April 2011. The mechanism of injury, management, complications and visual outcomes were analyzed. Majority of the patients were males (93 %) and the mean age was 36 years. The main causes of trauma were metal hammering and grass cutting (43 % each). Other causes include road traffic accidents and firecracker explosion (7 % each). The visual outcome was ≥6/18 in 50 % and ‘No perception of light’ in 29 %. Causes of poor visual outcome were retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (21 %), endophthalmitis (21 %) and globe maceration (7 %). Prognostic factors associated with significantly worse final visual outcome included posterior location of the IOFB (p = 0.05) and larger IOFB size (p < 0.001). The time from injury to surgery did not correlate with a worse visual prognosis. In Brunei Darussalam, the commonest causes of IOFBs are hammering metal and cutting grass using power tools. The visual outcome varies between 6/6 and NPL. Poor visual outcome is related to the severity of the initial ocular injury, posterior segment IOFB and endophthalmitis.     

视力良好患者磁性眼内异物摘出方法的探讨

目的 探讨术前视力良好者不同方式经玻璃体磁性眼内异物摘出的效果.方法 46例（46只眼）磁性眼内异物者为研究对象,患眼屈光间质透明,术前矫正视力≥0.6,检眼镜下可见异物位于玻璃体腔或附着于视网膜,于伤后第2～6天手术.A组：12只眼,行导光纤维下单纯眼内异物摘出;B组：15只眼,行局限性玻璃体切除及眼内异物摘出;C组：19只眼,行玻璃体全切除及眼内异物摘出.术中进行局部视网膜光凝.结果 46例异物均顺利摘出.术后3个月：A组矫正视力均≥0.6,无视网膜脱离等并发症发生;B组13例视网膜平伏,矫正视力≥0.6,2例发生视网膜脱离;C组15例视网膜平伏,矫正视力≥0.6,4例发生视网膜脱离.结论 对于术前视力良好的磁性眼内异物,进行异物摘出时可选择导光纤维下单纯眼内异物摘出术.     

儿童球内异物延迟取出的临床特征及手术术式选择的分析

目的探讨导致儿童球内异物延迟取出的致伤原因及异物特点,并分析其临床特征及手术术式的选择。 方法收集2002年1月至2018年12月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心因球内异物伤住院的91例(91只眼)儿童眼外伤的病例资料,并进行回顾分析。其中,男性81例(81只眼),女性10例(10只眼),年龄1~14岁,平均年龄(10.7±2.7)岁。根据致伤原因、异物性质、异物滞留位置、异物最长径、异物伤后并发症及异物延迟取出的手术方式进行分组。使用均数±标准差( ±s)描述年龄的分布情况;采用频数和百分比描述不同分组的病例数量和分布情况。使用卡方检验分析爆炸伤与非爆炸伤导致眼内炎发生率的差异。 结果儿童球内异物伤首位致伤原因为爆炸伤,共55例(55只眼),占60.4%;异物滞留位置中有74例(74只眼)异物滞留于玻璃体腔,占81.3%;异物性质中土质异物所占比例最大,共29例(29只眼),占31.9%;44例(44只眼)为多个异物,占48.4%;异物最长径≥10 mm的巨大异物共12例(12只眼),占13.2%。在伤后并发症中,视网膜裂孔者65例(65只眼),占71.4%,居首位;其次为外伤性白内障者61例(61只眼),占67.0%;再次为视网膜脱离者47例(47只眼,占51.6%)、增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变者27例(27只眼,占29.7%)及眼内炎者22例(22只眼,占24.2%)。异物延迟取出的手术术式选择中有83例(83只眼)行玻璃体切割术,占91.2%。其中,20例(20只眼)使用眼内窥镜辅助手术,占24.1%;63例(63只眼)使用联合晶状体摘除术,占69.2%。 结论儿童球内异物患者以学龄男童高发,爆炸伤为致伤首要原因,泥沙、石块及烟花爆竹等土质异物占比最大。异物滞留于眼后段是异物延迟取出的主要原因。伤后可伴发外伤性白内障、视网膜裂孔、视网膜脱离、增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变及眼内炎等多种并发症。玻璃体切割联合晶状体摘除术是主要的手术方式。儿童球内异物伤并发症多,治疗棘手,故应积极预防儿童眼外伤的发生。     

Early versus late removal of retained intraocular foreign bodies.

PURPOSE: To compare early versus late removal of retained intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs). METHODS: Sixty-two patients presenting with open-globe injuries due to lacerations by retained IOFBs were consecutively operated by the same surgeon between 1989 and 1997. Minimum follow-up was more than 3 months. In 43 patients, the IOFB was removed during the first 24 hours after the accident. In 19 patients, in whom the wound had been closed during a first operation, the IOFB was removed later than 24 hours after the accident. The study groups did not vary significantly in age, refractive error, type and size of IOFB, prevalence of traumatic cataract and peripheral or central corneal lacerations, or visual acuity on presentation. RESULTS: Endophthalmitis developed significantly more often in the late intervention group than in the early intervention group (3/19 [15.7%] versus 1/43 [2.3%]; P = 0.0467; chi-square test). Considering patients with retinal lesions due to the IOFB (n = 47), proliferative vitreoretinopathy occurred significantly more often in the late intervention group than in the early intervention group (6/13 [46.2%] versus 6/34 [17.6%]; P = 0.0449). CONCLUSIONS: Confirming previous reports, the results of the current study suggest that removing retained IOFBs within the first 24 hours after the injury may in some clinical situations reduce the risks of infectious endophthalmitis and proliferative vitreoretinopathy.     

眼内异物78例临床特征及疗效分析

目的: 分析眼内异物的流行病学特点、并发症的治疗和预后。方法: 回顾分析78例眼内异物病例资料,包括年龄、性别、致伤原因、视力、并发症、手术方法、眼内炎发生的危险因素及治疗方法。结果: 青壮年男性是眼内异物的多发人群,主要致伤原因为锤击伤。眼后段异物和爆炸伤视力预后差。眼前段异物全部取出,眼后段异物行玻璃体切割术,取出率为93%,眼内炎发生率为9%,经玻璃体切割联合眼内注药,炎症控制。结论: 加强安全宣教及劳动保护有助于减少球内异物发生,伤口早期正确处理、合理应用抗生素、以及玻璃体切割手术可以降低致盲率。     

Combined lens and vitreoretinal surgery in patients with traumatic cataract and intraocular foreign body

AIM: To analyze the postoperative anatomical and functional outcomes as well as complications after combined phacoemul- sification, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), removal of the intraocular foreign body (IOFB) and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with traumatic cataract and intraocular foreign body. METHODS: Medical records of 13 patients(13 eyes) with traumatic cataract and IOFB who had undergone combined phacoemulsification, PPV, foreign body extraction and IOL implantation were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative follow-up ranged from 2 to 12 months. The main measure- ments of outcomes were the extraction success of cataract and intraocular foreign body, intraoperative and postoperative complications and the final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). ·RESULTS: The mean age of 13 patients(10 male, 3 female )was 36.8 years (range: 17-65 years). All eight IOFBs were removed. Four intraocular lenses were implanted after vitrectomy intraoperatively. In 5 cases, intraocular lenses were implanted during the second operation. Intraocular lenses were not implanted in 4 cases. BCVA at last ranged from 0.8 to hand movement. BCVA was 0.5 or better in four eyes, 0.1 to 0.4 in five eyes, less than 0.1 in four eyes. Intraoperative complications were encountered in 3 patients. They had vitreous hemorrhage. Postoperative complications were encounter- ed in 2 patients. They had retinal detachment. The reoperations of the two patients were successful. CONCLUSION: The combined phacoemulsification, PPV, removal of IOFB and IOL implantation is safe and effective for patients with traumatic cataract and intraocular foreign body. The visual outcome depended primarily on the corneal or scleral wound and underlying posterior segment pathology and sites.     

Vitrectomy in the management of intraocular foreign bodies and their complications.

Twenty-six eyes with intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) and/or their sequelae were treated by pars plana vitrectomy and associated surgery. One-step removal of the IOFB in combination with pars plana vitrectomy resulted in early visual rehabilitation and minimal complications. Of 11 eyes with IOFB treated by primary vitrectomy at the time of IOFB removal 20/50 or better visual acuity was obtained in 10 (91%). Four of these eyes had retinal injury, 3 of which were successfully repaired without subsequent complication and with retention of good visual function. In 3 eyes IOFBs were not removed owing to chronic retinal encapsulation. These eyes continue to retain good visual acuity, and ERG studies show no evidence of retinal toxicity. Of 12 eyes in which vitrectomy was performed for sequelae of IOFB only 5 (41%) showed visual improvement better than 20/50. Only in 2 of 7 eyes with tractional retinal detachment could the retina be reattached. In cases of retinal injury primary vitrectomy, cryocoagulation, and scleral buckling are suggested for prevention of late traction retinal detachment.     

Surgical management of non-metallic and non-magnetic metallic intraocular foreign bodies.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical features and evaluate outcomes of vitreoretinal surgery in eyes with retained non-metallic and non-magnetic metallic intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review. Thirty-two eyes (28 patients) with non-metallic and non-magnetic metallic IOFBs underwent removal of IOFBs with intraocular forceps, either via the pars plana in 30 eyes (93.9%) or a limbal approach in 2 eyes (6.25%). The main outcome measures were postoperative visual acuity, rate of retinal break formation, development of retinal detachment, and type of IOFB. RESULTS: IOFBs were non-metallic in 22 eyes (68.7%) and non-magnetic metallic in 10 eyes (31.1%). The average follow-up period was 7.5 months. Overall, final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 10 eyes (31.1%) and 5/200 to 20/50 in 10 eyes (31.1%). A higher incidence of retinal break formation posterior to the sclerotomy was seen with glass IOFBs (P = .02). Retinal detachment was observed preoperatively in 4 eyes (12.5%) and postoperatively in 2 eyes (6.25%). CONCLUSION: Final visual outcome was independent of size and type of IOFB. Pars plana extractions may be associated with a higher rate of retinal break formation and subsequent retinal detachment, particularly with glass IOFBs.     

眼内异物摘出术手术径路的选择

目的 寻求摘出眼内异物的最佳手术径路。方法 对２２例眼内异物进行回顾性研究，１２眼用传统的巩膜切开法，１０眼用经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除术摘出异物。结果 传统方法和玻璃体切除术法均成功地摘出异物。单纯伴玻璃体出血机化者，经玻璃体手术术后视力明显提高。同时伴视网膜脱离者，异物摘出联合视网膜复位术后视力恢复不理想。结论 眼内异物摘出以不进一步损伤眼组织为原则，必须综合分析异物位置及其并发症，以选择手术路     

Epidemiology and clinical outcome of intraocular foreign bodies in Hong Kong: a 13-year review

The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology, visual outcome and prognostic factors of intraocular foreign body (IOFB) injuries in a tertiary centre in Hong Kong. A retrospective review of 21 eyes in 21 patients with IOFB that presented to United Christian Hospital from January 2001 to July 2014 was performed. IOFB represented 16 % of all open-globe traumas. There was a high male predominance (90 %). The mean age was 42. Work-related injuries (86 %) were the main cause, where only 10.5 % had eye protection. Hammering was the commonest mechanism of injury (43 %). Most IOFBs were metallic (67 %). The IOFB was found in the anterior segment in 31 % and posterior segment in 69 %. 57 % presented with an initial visual acuity of ≥0.1, and up to 24 % of patients had an initial visual acuity of better than or equal to 0.5. Most cases (76 %) received prompt surgical intervention within 24 h, and there was a low (0 %) endophthalmitis rate. Forty-eight percent had an improvement in visual acuity, defined as final visual acuity more than or equal to 2 lines of improvement from initial visual acuity, and 48 % attained a final visual acuity of better than or equal to 0.5. One case underwent evisceration. A smaller IOFB size (<5 mm) was associated with a good final visual acuity of better than or equal to 0.5 (p = 0.048). It was also found that a posterior segment IOFB was more likely to give a final VA of less than 0.5 (p = 0.035). IOFB remains a significant complication of work-related injuries in Hong Kong. This is the first local study that explores the epidemiology of IOFB injuries in Hong Kong. The favourable visual outcome and low endophthalmitis rate may be related to early removal of IOFB. Despite legal ordinances for mandatory eye protection, the uptake of eye protection was low.