玻璃体手术治疗人工晶状体植入术后感染性眼内炎

目的分析总结人工晶状体植入术后感删性眼内炎的治疗效果。方法收治12例(12眼)人工晶状体植入术后感染性眼内炎。5眼行单纯玻璃体腔注药,6眼行玻璃体腔注药联合玻璃体切除,1眼行眼内容摘除术。结果早期玻璃体腔内注药或联合玻璃体切除可有效控制感染,11眼炎症控制,8眼最终视力达0.12~0.5。结论玻璃体腔内注药或联合玻璃体切除术是人工晶状体植入术后感染性眼内炎较安全、有效的治疗方法。     

人工晶体植入术后细菌性眼内炎的临床分析

目的分析、总结人工晶状体植入术后细菌性眼内炎的临床特点、危险因素及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1999至2005年于本中心收治的8例(8眼)人工晶状体植入术后细菌性眼内炎患者的临床资料。结果7眼行房水和(或)玻璃体病原学检查,6眼培养阳性,培养阳性率为86%,3例为表皮葡萄球菌。全身及局部的广谱抗生素治疗或联合早期玻璃体切割可有效控制感染,7眼眼内炎症得到控制,5眼视力达0.12～0.5,2眼眼球萎缩。结论表皮葡萄球菌是人工晶状体植入术后细菌性眼内炎的主要致病菌,早期玻璃体切割联合玻璃体腔内注入适量广谱抗生素是目前安全、有效的治疗方法。     

玻璃体切除联合硅油填充手术治疗急性感染性眼内炎

目的：研究玻璃体切除联合硅油填充手术治疗急性感染性眼内炎的临床效果。

方法：回顾性分析2008-01/2013-02我院收治的急性感染性眼内炎患者23例23眼临床资料,排除伴有球内异物的病例。所有患者均采用常规闭合三通道玻璃体切除联合硅油填充手术,其中6眼(并发外伤性白内障)联合Ⅰ期晶状体摘除+Ⅰ期人工晶状体植入术,3眼(并发外伤性白内障)联合Ⅰ期晶状体切除+Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入术, 4眼(硅油填充期间并发白内障)联合Ⅱ期晶状体摘除+Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入术,5眼(4眼外伤性眼内炎及1眼青光眼滤过泡漏致眼内炎)保留晶状体,1眼(白内障术后眼内炎)联合Ⅰ期人工晶状体取出+Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入,4眼(白内障术后眼内炎)保留人工晶状体。

结果：随访6～24mo,行玻璃体切除联合硅油填充手术的患者23例23眼眼内炎均得到有效控制,21眼(91%)患者视力不同程度提高。有2眼玻璃体切除术后眼压≥30mmHg,1眼行硅油取出术后眼压恢复正常,另1眼取硅油术后眼压仍高,需应用降眼压药物控制。

结论：急性感染性眼内炎患者及时行玻璃体切除联合硅油填充手术治疗,能有效控制眼内炎,提高患者视力。     

白内障摘除、人工晶状体植入术后眼内炎的临床分析

目的：探讨白内障摘除、人工晶状体植入术后眼内炎的易感因素、临床特点、治疗方法及效果。方法：回顾1997年6月至2001年8月，9例(9只眼)白内障摘除、人工晶状体植入术后眼内炎患者的易感因素、临床表现、治疗方法和结果，并作微生物学检查。结果：2例为糖尿病患者，2例患者有眼外伤史，l例为低蛋白血症患者。主要临床表现为眼红痛和视力障碍。9例患者中3只眼经抗生素、抗真菌药物治疗后，治愈；6只眼行玻璃体切除、晶状体后囊膜切除及人工晶状体取出术。5例患者保存了有用视力，4例眼球萎缩。微生物学检查：1例玻璃体培养发现D-型链球菌，3例房水涂片检查分别发现革兰氏阳性杆菌、革兰氏阴性杆菌和菌丝。结论：糖尿病、眼外伤、低蛋白血症可能是白内障摘除、人工晶状体植入术后眼内炎的易感因素。玻璃体手术、全身和局部抗生素或抗真菌药物的应用并联合使用糖皮质激素是治疗白内障摘除、人工晶状体植入术后眼内炎的有效手段。     

人工晶状体植入术后感染性眼内炎的治疗

目的 探讨白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术后感染性眼内炎的治疗效果。方法 对12例白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术后并发感染性眼内炎患者进行前房冲洗、玻璃体切除和玻璃体腔内注药及其它综合治疗。结果 11眼眼内炎症得到控制，1眼因炎症不能控制而行眼内容摘除。8眼视力有不同程度提高。结论 目前临床上对白内障摘出术后，感染性眼内炎的治疗首选方法是前房冲洗和早期玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔内注入适量广谱抗生素，术后配合中西药物综合治疗。     

人工晶状体植入术后急性眼内炎

目的 探讨白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术后急性眼内炎的临床特点、治疗方法及效果.方法 回顾性分析5848例白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术后发生急性眼内炎4例(4眼),眼内炎发生于术后2～6d,视力为光感～数指/10 cm.治疗方法:2例行玻璃体腔内注药术,其中1例效果欠佳,于次日行玻璃体切除联合玻璃体内注药;另2例行玻璃体切除术联合玻璃体腔内注药,均配合全身及局部应用抗生素及皮质类固醇类药物.结果 随访8～26个月,4例眼内炎均得到控制,最后视力分别为0.15、0.25、0.6、0.8.结论 白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术后急性眼内炎是白内障手术的严重并发症,玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔注药是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除的临床观察

目的探讨白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术中Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除的临床疗效。方法对53例(60只眼)先天性白内障和后囊混浊的老年性白内障,施行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入,同时行Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除,术后观察眼压、人工晶状体位置、视轴区后发障等情况。结果术中人工晶状体均顺利植入囊袋;54只眼术后视力较术前提高,术后24小时后眼压正常;术后随访3个月~2年,无发生玻璃体疝入前房,未发现人工晶状体异位或夹持,无一例出现后发障、视网膜脱离。结论白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除是可行、安全的,能有效地治疗后囊膜混浊,预防后发障。     

人工晶状体植入术后化脓性眼内炎治疗的临床分析

目的分析总结人工晶状体植入术后化脓性眼内炎的临床特征及治疗效果。方法2001年2月～2004年4月,我院收治此类患者7例(7只眼),分别于人工晶状体植入术后1～12天发生化脓性眼内炎。感染后视力：光感～手动／30cm。治疗方法：2只眼行玻璃体腔药物注射;4只眼行玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔药物注射;1只眼行眼内容剜出术。结果术后随访1～36个月,6只眼眼内炎症控制,视力分别为0、02、0．4、0．6、0．8、0．8,其中1只眼出现角膜内皮功能失代偿。结论人工晶状体植入术后突然发生的术眼疼痛是化脓性眼内炎早期重要特征之一。玻璃体腔注射联合玻璃体切除术是人工晶状体植入术后化脓性眼内炎安全、有效的治疗方法。     

单纯玻璃体切除术治疗细菌性眼内炎的疗效评价

目的 评估单纯行玻璃体切除术对外因性细菌性眼内炎的疗效。方法 外因性细菌性眼内炎21例(21只眼)，其中白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后1只眼，眼球穿通伤后20只眼。均作睫状体平部三切口玻璃体切除术，晶状体混浊者一并切除，若有球内异物一并取出，伴视网膜脱离者，重水或气／液交换复位视网膜后行眼内炎光凝、长效气体或硅油填充以及巩膜环扎，术中灌注液内不加入庆大霉素，术毕不作玻璃体腔注药，术后联合抗生索和激素静脉用药。结果 炎症控制20只眼，术后矫正视力提高20只眼，有效率为80．95％。结论 玻璃体切除术对严重细菌性眼内炎而言是最重要的治疗手段。     

人工晶状体植入术治疗2岁以下婴幼儿白内障的初步临床观察

目的　探讨白内障摘除前、后撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除及人工晶状体植入术治疗年龄<2岁婴幼儿白内障的可行性。方法　对 2 2例 (2 7只眼 )年龄为 8～ 2 4个月的白内障患儿行白内障摘除、前后撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除及人工晶状体植入术 ,观察术中和术后情况。平均随访时间 12个月。结果　手术均顺利完成。术后 2 6只眼 (96 % )视轴保持透明 ;1只眼视区人工晶状体后出现白色纤维化混浊。瞳孔上移 3只眼 (11% ) ,人工晶状体夹持 2只眼 (7% ) ,虹膜后粘连 4只眼 (15 % )。结论　白内障摘除、前后撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除及人工晶状体植入术治疗年龄 <2岁的婴幼儿白内障 ,可有效保持视轴透明 ,恢复眼部正常解剖结构 ,显著减少并发症的发生 ;视功能的提高有待长期观察。     

Alcaligenes xylosoxidans and Propionibacterium acnes postoperative endophthalmitis in a pseudophakic eye

PURPOSE: To report a case of persistent polymicrobial postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Alcaligenes xylosoxidans and Propionibacterium acnes in a pseudophakic eye. A. xylosoxidans is a gram-negative bacteria resistant to most antibiotics. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 72-year-old man presented with clinical signs of endophthalmitis on the first postoperative day after a phacoemulsification procedure with posterior chamber intraocular lens, left eye. Initial treatment included topical, subconjunctival, and oral antibiotics. After initial clearing, there was recrudescence of infection on postoperative day 37 that prompted referral of the patient to the Cullen Eye Institute. Treatment at that time included anterior chamber and vitreous taps with intravitreal antibiotic injections. Complete pars plana vitrectomy and intraocular lens explantation were eventually required because of persistent infection with a resistant organism. Cultures from the first procedure grew A. xylosoxidans and P. acnes. Cultures from the vitrectomy grew only A. xylosoxidans. At the final follow-up visit 6 months after the initial procedure. The eye was without inflammation with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40. CONCLUSION: Both A. xylosoxidans and P. acnes can cause chronic progressive endophthalmitis after cataract extraction often resistant to corrective antibiotic therapy. Successful intervention may require complete vitrectomy with intraocular lens and capsule removal.     

Posterior chamber intraocular lens insertion during pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

We inserted posterior chamber lenses into 21 eyes with complications of diabetic retinopathy upon completion of pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy in a single session. After the original surgery, two eyes developed retinal detachments and underwent vitrectomy revisions with scleral buckling, one eye had a fluid-gas exchange for residual vitreous cavity blood, one eye had supplemental laser treatment, and one eye had intraocular antibiotics for endophthalmitis. Six months later, postoperative vision was better in 16 of the 21 eyes (76%), the same in four eyes (19%), and worse in one eye (5%). In 16 eyes visual acuity was 20/200 or better, and in six eyes it was 20/40 or better postoperatively. Decreased vision was caused by preexisting macular disease; two eyes had corneal edema with iris neovascularization associated with residual retinal detachment. The procedure and lenses were well tolerated and provided good pseudophakic vision.     

儿童人工晶状体眼后发性白内障的手术治疗

目的探讨透明角膜切口插管灌注、睫状体扁平部后发性白内障切除术治疗儿童人工晶状体眼后发性白内障的手术技巧和疗效。方法对51例(57只眼)人工晶状体植入术后后发性白内障儿童患者行透明角膜切口插管灌注、睫状体扁平部后发性白内障切除术。术后随访记录视力、眼压及角膜内皮细胞密度,观察前房反应和并发症的发生情况。平均随访时间为30个月。结果全部术眼晶状体后囊膜中央均形成直径约3～4mm的圆形透明区,后发性白内障切除术的成功率为100％;术中前房稳定,人工晶状体无损伤。术后可配合视力检查的患者最佳矫正视力均恢复至后发性白内障发生前的最佳水平,且部分患者超过最佳水平;其中术后1周和3个月的最佳矫正视力≥0．3的术眼分别占44．4％和51．9％,随访期间无切口渗漏、角膜水肿、瞳孔区玻璃体疝、人工晶状体损伤、视网膜脱离、高眼压及晶状体后囊膜切开区再次混浊等并发症。结论透明角膜切口插管灌注、睫状体扁平部后发性白内障切除术可安全、有效、便捷治疗儿童人工晶状体植入术后的后发性白内障。     

人工晶状体眼后发性白内障的手术

目的探讨巩膜隧道切口插管灌注经睫状体平坦部后囊切开术治疗人工晶状体眼后发性白内障的效果。方法32例(34眼)人工晶状体植入术后后发性白内障行巩膜隧道切口插管灌注经睫状体平坦部后囊切开术。平均随访18个月。结果全部术眼晶状体后囊中央均形成直径3.5~4mm的圆形透明区,后发性白内障切开术的成功率为100%;术中前房稳定,人工晶状体无损伤。术后能配合视力检查的患者最佳矫正视力均恢复至后发性白内障发生前的最佳水平;随访期间无切口渗漏、角膜水肿、瞳孔区玻璃体疝、人工晶状体损伤、视网膜脱离、高眼压或晶状体后囊膜切开区再次浑浊等并发症。结论巩膜隧道切口插管灌注经睫状体平坦部后囊切除术治疗人工晶状体植入术后的后发性白内障安全、有效。     

Bacterial endophthalmitis. Ophthalmological results of a national multicenter prospective survey]

Under the aegis of the GEEP (Groupement d'Etudes Epidémiologiques et Prophylactiques) a prospective multicentre study concerning bacterial endophthalmitis was carried out over a period of one year long with the contribution of 64 metropolitan ophthalmologic hospital departments. During this survey 143 cases of post surgical endophthalmitis were recorded: 111 of them were secondary to elective surgery, 32 developed after a perforating eye injury. Twenty-four cases of endophthalmitis developed in the absence of surgery were therefore called "medical" endophthalmitis. The frequency of endophthalmitis after elective surgery was 0.32%, and 2.8% after penetrating eye injury. Intraocular samples were obtained in 61.5% of the cases of post surgical endophthalmitis. 53 bacteria were isolated from 50 cases of endophthalmitis. The bacterial nature of the endophthalmitis was proved in 35% of these cases of post surgical endophthalmitis. Bacteria isolated from these cases of post surgical endophthalmitis were gram positive in 86.7%, and gram negative in 13.3% of cases. 20 bacteria were isolated from pseudophakic eyes: 10 of them were Staphylococcus epidermidis. The visual prognosis of endophthalmitis depends on the strain: visual acuity was more than 1/10 in 68% of cases of Staphylococcus endophthalmitis infection, but in only in 7% of cases of Streptococcus endophthalmitis infection. Intraocular injections of antibiotics both in the anterior chamber and in the vitreous, and vitrectomy increased the quality of the visual result. Three months after post surgical endophthalmitis, 35% of those eyes who received systemic and periocular antibiotic therapy, combined with intraocular antibiotics, with or without vitrectomy, recovered a visual acuity of 4/10 or more, instead of only 18% in the group without any intraocular therapy.     

Prognosis of penetrating eye injuries with posterior segment intraocular foreign body

Purpose To identify the prognostic factors concerning the anatomy and visual acuity of eyes subject to trauma related posterior intraocular foreign body. Patients and methods The records of 28 eyes of 27 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and intraocular foreign body removal during a 5 year period were retrospectively reviewed. Ocular trauma score was calculated for each eye. Results The most common initial findings were corneal wound (68%), lens injury (50%), retinal lesion (50%), vitreous hemorrhage (25%), and endophthalmitis (14%). Multiple foreign body causing perforating injury with retained posterior segment foreign body occurred in 7% of the cases. The foreign body was found on the surface of the retina in 39% of the cases. Postoperative complications were retinal detachment (46%), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (25%), and phthysis (4%). No eye was enucleated and 1 eye (4%) lost light perception. The final best corrected visual acuity became better or equal to 0.5 Snellen E in 34% of the eyes. The mean follow-up was 19 months (1.5–60 months). Conclusions Prognosis was significantly worse in cases with lower trauma score, initial visual acuity less than 0.1 Snellen E, large foreign body, upset of bacterial endophthalmitis, and with proliferative vitreo-retinopathy. Visual outcomes in our cases were better than estimated follow-up visual acuity based on ocular trauma score parameters. None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned in the article.     

眼内窥镜引导下彻底的玻璃体切割手术治疗伴有角膜混浊的外源性眼内炎

目的 观察眼内窥镜引导下彻底的玻璃体切割术治疗伴有角膜混浊的外源性眼内炎的临床特点。 方法 回顾分析我院行眼内窥镜引导下行彻底的玻璃体切割术的伴有角膜混浊的外源性眼内炎连续20只眼的临床资料。其中，男18例，女2例。年龄5～79岁，平均年龄35.9岁。眼球穿通伤所致眼内炎16例，人工晶状体植入手术后眼内炎4例。手术前视力均≤数指，角膜均严重混浊。 手术中均制造玻璃体后脱离，尽量彻底切割虹膜前后渗出膜、基底部和睫状体平部的玻璃体以及睫状体膜。入院到手术治疗的时间中位数为1.5 d。手术后平均随访23个月。 结果 手术中取玻璃体样培养阳性者9例，占45%；6例取出眼内异物共7枚。手术中锯齿缘离断1处者2例，医源性视网膜裂孔1处和2处者各1例。手术后再次玻璃体内注药和玻璃体切割手术各2例。手术后视力≥0.05者10例，占50%。除1例视力下降低、3例视力无明显变化外，16例手术后视力有不同程度的提高，其中4例≥0.8。手术后11例角膜基本恢复清亮。9例硅油存留，其中2例眼压偏低，但均>5 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa ），1例高眼压，药物控制；局限性视网膜脱离和可疑视网膜脱离各1例，未再手术。9只硅油填充眼随访末期视力均≤数指，无硅油存留的11只眼中仅1只眼未达到0.05。无眼球丧失 。 结论 眼内窥镜引导下彻底的玻璃体切割手术为及时治疗伴有角膜混浊的外源性眼内炎的安全、可靠的新选择。 （中华眼底病杂志，2008，24：202-205）     

Role of the posterior capsule in the prevention of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis: experimental primate studies and clinical implications.

The posterior capsule has an important effect on the risk of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis. In order to investigate whether the posterior capsule inhibited the spread of infection into the vitreous we performed extracapsular cataract extraction in both eyes of 10 primates. In one eye of each primate the posterior capsule was left intact and in the other eye a large posterior capsulectomy was performed. When the anterior chambers were challenged with equivalent inocula of Staphylococcus aureus, one of 10 eyes with an intact posterior capsule developed culture-positive vitreous infection. In contrast, nine of 10 eyes with a large posterior capsulectomy developed culture-positive vitreous infection. In a second experiment we investigated the effect of an intraocular lens on the barrier effect. Ten primates received extracapsular cataract extraction in both eyes and pseudophakic implantation. In one eye of each primate the posterior capsule was left intact and a J-loop monoplanar lens was implanted in the ciliary sulcus. In the other eye of each primate a large posterior capsulectomy was followed by implantation of a monoplanar, non-vaulted pseudophakos into the anterior chamber. None of the 10 eyes with a posterior capsule intact and a posterior chamber lens in place developed positive vitreous cultures or histopathological evidence of vitreous infection. Thus the presence of a posterior chamber lens did not appreciably compromise the barrier effect of the intact posterior capsule. 40% of the eyes with a large posterior capsulectomy and a non-vaulted pseudophakos in the anterior chamber developed culture-positive vitreous infection, and 60% of the eyes showed histopathological evidence of vitreous infection.     

25G玻璃体手术治疗儿童后发性白内障

目的探讨25G玻璃体手术治疗儿童后发性白内障的疗效。方法对7例（10只眼）儿童后发性白内障患者以透明角膜切口插管灌注,TSV25G玻璃体手术行后囊膜切除联合前段玻璃体切除术。术后平均随访23个月,观察视力、眼压、前房反应和并发症的发生情况。结果所有术眼晶状体后囊膜中央均形成直径约4mm的圆形透明区,术中前房稳定,人工晶状体无损伤。全部患儿术后最佳矫正视力均较术前提高。随访期间无切口渗漏、角膜水肿、眼内炎、瞳孔区玻璃体疝、人工晶状体损伤、视网膜脱离、高眼压及晶状体后囊膜切开区再次混浊等并发症。结论 25G玻璃体手术治疗儿童后发性白内障安全、有效、便捷。     

Implantation of scleral-sutured posterior chamber intraocular lenses during penetrating keratoplasty

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcome in 29 patients (29 eyes) who underwent penetrating keratoplasty and scleral-fixation of an intraocular lens. METHODS: The indications for penetrating keratoplasty with scleral-fixation of an intraocular lens were anterior chamber pseudophakic corneal edema, aphakic corneal edema, trauma, and corneal scars. Patients with pseudophakic corneal edema underwent IOL exchange and penetrating keratoplasty and patients with lens subluxation underwent cataract extraction and penetrating keratoplasty in the same operation session. RESULTS: Preoperative spectacle-corrected visual acuity was hand motion in 13 eyes (44.8%) and 20/400 in 18 eyes (61.5%). Postoperative spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/400 or better was observed in 25 eyes (86.2%). At last follow-up, 26 corneal grafts (89.7%) remained clear. Three grafts (10.3%) failed, two because of glaucoma and one because of endophthalmitis. Glaucoma was observed in 7 eyes. CONCLUSION: Trans-scleral fixation of intraocular lenses combined with penetrating keratoplasty was a useful surgical technique in eyes with keratopathy and lacking posterior capsular support.