microRNA与皮肤病研究进展

miRNA(microRNA)是一类非编码RNA,长度通常为21 ～ 25个核苷酸。通过和靶mRNA的互补结合抑制蛋白表达,对机体进行多方面的调控。miRNA在多种疾病中的调控作用已得到证实,目前研究表明,miRNA和某些皮肤疾病存在一定的相关性,并在皮肤中的表达具有特征性,可以在不同种属、不同组织及不同疾病中发挥调节作用。进一步研究miRNA与皮肤疾病之间的关系也为疾病的治疗提供了新的思路及新的靶点。     

非编码RNA与银屑病

银屑病是一种免疫介导的慢性炎症性皮肤病,病因及发病机制涉及遗传、免疫、环境等多种因素。该病以皮肤角质形成细胞过度增殖和异常分化为主要特征。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)和长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)均属于非蛋白质编码RNA,广泛参与细胞生命活动和多种人类疾病,在表观遗传水平、转录水平及转录后水平发挥重要的调控功能。近年来研究表明,miRNA和lncRNA与银屑病的发生发展有关。该文将miRNA和lncRNA与银屑病的相关性进行综述。     

环状RNA:皮肤病研究的新武器

环状RNA(circRNA)是一类新型环状闭合非编码RNA分子,主要功能可以通过微小RNA(miRNA)应答元件(MREs)来调控miRNA水平,而信使RNA(miRNA)可以调节mRNA的水平,进而形成一个内在circRNA-miRNAmRNA调节网络,在转录和转录后水平发挥调节作用。另外circRNA还有调节mRNA选择性剪切,翻译、结合、调节蛋白质,调节t RNA、rRNA表达等功能。circRNA目前是皮肤病的研究热点,circRNA0084043、hsacirc0012919等对一些皮肤肿瘤和炎症性皮肤病的研究与治疗带来了新方向。     

miRNA在病理性瘢痕中的作用研究进展

miRNA是一类在动植物及病毒中广泛存在的单链非编码的内生型高度保守的小分子RNA.病理性瘢痕是人体皮肤组织损伤后的一种纤维过度增生性疾病,包括增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩.目前病理性瘢痕的发病机制尚未明了,仍然是临床难治疾病之一.许多治疗方法如单纯外科手术切除、皮损内糖皮质激素等药物注射、冷冻或激光治疗等无效甚至加重病情.miRNA的异常表达与多种疾病的发生、发展密切相关,起着重要的调控作用.近年来,人们开始注意到miRNA参与病理性瘢痕纤维化的发生发展.     

微分子核糖核酸与皮肤肿瘤的研究进展

微分子核糖核酸(MicroRNA,miRNA)是一类长度大约为22个核苷酸的非编码的单链RNA小分子,参与基因转录后水平的调控。miRNA通过调节与皮肤肿瘤增殖、侵袭、转移等相关的基因表达,参与皮肤肿瘤的发生、发展。本文就近年来对微分子核糖核酸在皮肤肿瘤研究的进展做一综述。     

miRNA在皮肤紫外线光反应中的作用

日光的紫外线照射是一种常见的环境致癌因素.人类皮肤长期暴露于紫外线照射(特别是长波紫外线和中波紫外线)可引起多种伤害,如,红斑、色素沉着、免疫抑制、光老化和皮肤肿瘤等.为了避免这些损伤维持基因完整性,细胞自身具有多种保护机制,包括DNA修复、细胞周期阻滞和诱发凋亡等.研究表明,miRNA在紫外线照射引起的各种细胞反应中发挥了重要作用,与人类一系列的光照后皮肤损伤反应和疾病有关.     

微小RNA在皮肤疾病中的调控作用研究进展

摘要：MicroRNAs是近年来发现的一类由19-25个核苷酸组成的非编码单链小RNA分子,它们通过与靶基因3’UTR结合抑制靶基因的翻译,在转录后水平调控基因表达。miRNA参与了包括细胞分化、增殖和凋亡及免疫系统应答在内的一系列发育调控和生物学过程。最近研究发现MicroRNAs在许多皮肤疾病的发病机制中都发挥了重要的调控作用。本文综述了近几年来MicroRNAs在皮肤肿瘤、银屑病、自身免疫病-系统性红斑狼疮和全身硬皮病、男性斑秃及创伤愈合等多种皮肤疾病中的研究进展,为皮肤疾病的诊断和治疗提供了新的方向和可能性。     

miRNA与真菌感染免疫反应相关性的研究进展

真菌在自然界中广泛存在,人类暴露于真菌环境中可能会导致皮肤及皮下组织、呼吸系统甚至更广泛的深部真菌感染。miRNA(MicroRNA)参与调控肿瘤、心脏疾病以及感染性疾病等免疫反应,主要在转录后水平调控基因表达。最近的研究发现miRNA在真菌感染相关免疫反应中发挥着重要的作用,其能够通过调控多条分子通路来影响宿主的免疫状态,但很少有报道系统总结这些miRNA的作用及机制。该文就miRNA在真菌感染有关免疫反应中的调控作用作一综述。     

皮肤发育成形及创伤愈合与microRNA

microRNA是一类小分子非编码RNA,长度大约为21～25个核苷酸.其通过与靶mRNA的互补结合,造成mRNA降解、蛋白表达抑制,从而在多种种属、多种组织以及多种疾病中,发挥着转录后调控的作用.近年的研究表明,microRNA在皮肤发育成形中有着重要的调节作用,并且与许多皮肤疾病、肿瘤以及创伤修复存在着相关性.进一步研究microRNA与创伤愈合的关系,为皮肤创伤的治疗提供新的思路及新靶点.     

p53调控MicroRNA与皮肤癌

p53是与人类肿瘤发生相关性最高的抑癌基因,MicroRNA是高度保守的内源性单链非编码小分子RNA。p53对MicroRNA的转录调控作用在人类肿瘤发生和发展中起着重要的作用。p53与miRNA之间的调控作用是相互的,不仅p53可以直接或间接调控多种miRNA的表达,同时多种miRNA也可以调节p53的活性和功能。p53主要转录调控分子miR-34a,miR-125b,miRNA-150,miRNA-205,miRNA-221等在某些特定的皮肤肿瘤中存在表达水平异常。随着后基因组时代的来临,miRNA在肿瘤发生发展中的作用逐渐成为国际前沿研究热点,已经证实,MicroRNA在多数肿瘤组织中存在表达异常。     

The role of microRNAs in skin fibrosis

Fibrotic skin disorders may be debilitating and impair quality of life. There are few effective treatment options for cutaneous fibrotic diseases. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in skin fibrosis. miRNAs are a class of small, non-coding RNAs involved in skin fibrosis. These small RNAs range from 18 to 25 nucleotides in length and modify gene expression by binding to target messenger RNA (mRNA), causing degradation of the target mRNA or inhibiting the translation into proteins. We present an overview of the biogenesis, maturation and function of miRNAs. We highlight miRNA’s role in key skin fibrotic processes including: transforming growth factor-beta signaling, extracellular matrix deposition, and fibroblast proliferation and differentiation. Some miRNAs are profibrotic and their upregulation favors these processes contributing to fibrosis, while anti-fibrotic miRNAs inhibit these processes and may be reduced in fibrosis. Finally, we describe the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of miRNAs in the management of skin fibrosis. The discovery that miRNAs are detectable in serum, plasma, and other bodily fluids, and are relatively stable, suggests that miRNAs may serve as valuable biomarkers to monitor disease progression and response to treatment. In the treatment of skin fibrosis, anti-fibrotic miRNAs may be upregulated using mimics and viral vectors. Conversely, profibrotic miRNAs may be downregulated by employing anti-miRNAs, sponges, erasers and masks. We believe that miRNA-based therapies hold promise as important treatments and may transform the management of fibrotic skin diseases by physicians.     

Unique microRNAs appear at different times during the course of a delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction in human skin

Diphencyprone (DPCP) is a hapten that induces delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non‐coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression and have been implicated in various inflammatory skin diseases, but their role in DTH reactions is not well understood. We generated global miRNA expression profiles (using next‐generation sequencing) of DPCP reactions in skin of seven healthy volunteers at 3, 14 and 120 days after challenge. Compared to placebo‐treated sites, DPCP‐challenged skin at 3 days (peak inflammation) had 127 miRNAs significantly deregulated. At 14 days (during resolution of inflammation), 43 miRNAs were deregulated and, at 120 days (when inflammation had completely resolved), six miRNAs were upregulated. While some miRNAs have been observed in psoriasis or atopic dermatitis, most of the deregulated miRNAs have not yet been studied in the context of skin biology or immunology. Across the three time points studied, many but not all miRNAs were uniquely expressed. As various miRNAs may influence T cell activation, this may indicate that the miRNAs exclusively expressed at different time points function to promote or resolve skin inflammation, and therefore, may inform on the paradoxical ability of DPCP to treat both autoimmune conditions (alopecia areata) and conditions of ineffective immunity (melanoma).     

microRNA在炎症性皮肤病中作用的研究进展

【摘要】 microRNA（miRNA）是一类转录后调控基因表达的非编码RNA分子,参与皮肤各种病理生理过程。近年来,miRNA表达谱的变化已被报道与部分炎症性皮肤病相关,例如miR-203、miR-146a、miR-21在银屑病皮损中表达上调;miR-155、miR-146a在特应性皮炎皮损中表达上调;miR-21、miR-223、miR-142-3p、miR142-5p在过敏性接触性皮炎皮损表达上调;而miR-146a、miR-155在系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血表达下调;miR-223在皮肌炎皮损中表达下调等。本文综述miRNA与部分炎症性皮肤病发生、发展之间的联系。     

Evidence on the direct correlation between miR‐31 and IL‐22 axis in IMQ‐induced psoriasis

Psoriatic skin is characterized by a deregulated profile of miRNAs that are contributing in disease development. In this study, we focus on miR‐31, one of the upregulated miRNAs known to promote keratinocytes proliferation and migration. Moreover, miR‐31 expression induction was dependent on a large panel of cytokines including IL‐22. Here, we aimed at investigating the relationship between miR‐31‐5p and IL‐22 axis; and by searching novel molecular target for miR‐31‐5p in keratinocytes. Our data identify a direct correlation between miR‐31‐5p and IL‐22 in psoriasis with Pwp1 as new potential target. These findings confirm the important role of miR‐31 in psoriasis onset and provide a basis for further investigations in miRNAs field in context of skin diseases.