内源性高甘油三脂血症患者载脂蛋白E多态性及血脂,载脂蛋白的含量

为探讨内源性高甘油三脂血症患者载脂蛋白Ｅ多态性及共与血脂和载脂蛋白水平的关系,采用等电聚焦免疫印迹分析法,酶法及单向免疫扩散法,分别对内源性高甘油三酯血症患者及健康受试者的载脂蛋白Ｅ基因型,表型,空腹血脂及载脂蛋白ＡＩ,ＢＩ００,ＣⅡ,ＣⅢ进行了全面分析。结果发现,与对照组比较,内源性高甘油三脂血症患者空腹血清甘油三酯,总胆固醇,载脂蛋白Ｂ１００,ＣⅡ,ＣⅢ、Ｅ水平明显升高（Ｐ〈０．００１）,载脂     

老年痴呆患者apoE基因型分布

目的观察中国老年痴呆患者ａｐｏＥ基因型的分布，初步探讨ａｐｏＥ在老年痴呆发病中的作用。方法应用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）对３５例健康人、２３例多梗塞性痴呆（ＭＩＤ）及１７例老年性痴呆（ＡＤ）患者进行ａｐｏＥ基因多态性分析，测定血清胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白ＡⅠ（ａｐｏＡⅠ）、载脂蛋白Ｂ（ａｐｏＢ）和载脂蛋白Ｅ（ａｐｏＥ）的浓度。结果ＡＤ组与健康对照组在ａｐｏＥ基因频率及等位基因频率分布上的差异有显著性（χ２＝１１．５，Ｐ＜０．０５；χ２＝１６．２，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＭＩＤ组与健康对照组间差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；应用Ｗｏｏｌｆ公式计算，发现ａｐｏＥε４等位基因与ＡＤ之间有显著性关联（χ２＝７．７，Ｐ＜０．０１），相关危险度（ＲＲ）＝３．０。ＡＤ组血清ａｐｏＥ水平显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ａｐｏＡⅠ、ａｐｏＢ显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论结果提示ａｐｏＥε４等位基因与老年性痴呆有显著性关联，ａｐｏＥε４可能是ＡＤ发病的危险因素。     

两型脑卒中患者载脂蛋白E基因型的分布比较

为了解载脂蛋白Ｅ基因型与两型脑卒中的关系，采用聚合酶链反应技术对９０例脑出血和９０例脑梗死患者及其１０７例性别、年龄配对的对照者进行载脂蛋白Ｅ基因型检测。结果发现脑血患者载脂蛋白Ｅε２／ε３基因频率高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５），而载脂蛋白Ｅε３／ε３基因频率在对照组较高（Ｐ〈０．０５）。脑梗死患者中载脂蛋白Ｅε４携带频率较对照组显著增高（Ｐ〈０．０５）。研究结果表明载脂蛋白Ｅε２可能与出血性脑卒中有     

反义寡脱氧核苷酸抑制大鼠肝细胞载脂蛋白B的表达

为研究载脂蛋白Ｅ基因多态性在冠心病发生发展中的作用及其对血脂水平的影响，应用聚合酶链反应－ 限制片长多态性检测法，测定２２０ 例冠心病患者和１８０ 例正常对照者的载脂蛋白Ｅ基因型；并按常规方法测定血脂水平。结果发现中国汉族人群中存在５ 种载脂蛋白Ｅ基因型，分别为Ｅ３３、Ｅ３２、Ｅ４３ 、Ｅ４２ 及Ｅ４４。冠心病组载脂蛋白Ｅ４３ 基因型和ε４ 等位基因频率（ 分别为２５．０％ 和１４．３％ ） 均显著高于对照组（１３ ．３％ 和８．１％ ）（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）， 载脂蛋白Ｅ３３ 基因型频率（５９．５ ％） 则低于对照组（７０ ．０ ％）（Ｐ＜０．０５）；冠心病组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）；在冠心病组的各亚型之间，总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平之间存在统计学差异（ Ｐ＜０ ．０５） 。上述实验结果说明，载脂蛋白Ｅ基因多态性与冠心病的发生发展密切相关并影响血脂的代谢水平；ε４ 等位基因可能是冠心病重要的遗传易患因素之一。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与冠心病关系的研究

目的：探讨载脂蛋白Ｅ（ａｐｏＥ）基因多态性在冠心病（ＣＨＤ）发生发展中的作用及其对血脂质、脂蛋白水平的影响。方法：应用聚合酶链反应技术和遗传学方法,测定９３ 例ＣＨＤ患者和９４例正常对照者的ａｐｏＥ基因型;按常规方法测定血浆脂质、脂蛋白水平。结果：共发现５ 种ａｐｏＥ基因型,分别为Ｅ３／３、Ｅ３／２、Ｅ４／３、Ｅ４／２和Ｅ４／４。ＣＨＤ组ａｐｏＥ４／３ 基因型和ε４ 等位基因频率及总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）均显著高于对照组（均Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,ａｐｏＡＩ的水平高于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,其他血脂指标无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。在ＣＨＤ组各亚型之间,ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ和ａｐｏＡＩ水平之间存在显著性差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。结论：ａｐｏＥε４ 等位基因是ＣＨＤ重要的遗传易患因素,ａｐｏＥ基因多态性亦影响血ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ和ａｐｏＡＩ水平。     

心肌梗塞患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性研究及其对临床与血脂代谢的影响

目的：研究载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）Ｅ基因多态性对心肌梗塞发生、发展及预后的作用及其对血脂水平的影响。 方法;应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性检测方法,测定１０４例心肌梗塞患者（心肌梗塞组）和１８０例正常对照者（对照组）的Ａｏｐ　Ｅ基因型;并按常规方法测定血脂水平。 结果：共检测出 ５种 Ａｐｏ Ｅ基因型,分别为 Ａｐｏ Ｅ３／３、Ａｐｏ　 Ｅ３／２、Ａｐｏ Ｅ４／３、Ａｐｏ Ｅ４／２及 Ａｐｏ Ｅ４／４。心肌梗塞组Ａｐｏ　Ｅ４／３基因型和ＡｐｏＥε４等位基因频率均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;心肌梗塞组总胆固醇（ＴＣ）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;心肌梗塞组泵功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级患者ＡｐｏＥ４／３基因型频率高于泵功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级患者（Ｐ＜０．０５）;Ａｐｏ　Ｅε４等位基因具有升高ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ的作用,Ａｐｏ　Ｅε２等位基因则有降低ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ的作用。 结论：ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性与心肌梗塞的发生、发展和血脂的代谢水平密切相关;Ａｐｏ　Ｅε４等位基因可能是心肌梗塞重要的遗传标记,Ａｐｏ　Ｅ４／３亦影响心肌梗塞泵功能分级。     

高血压病患者血清脂蛋白、载脂蛋白异常与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的：探讨高血压病患者血脂／载脂蛋白异常与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法：以空腹胰岛素／空腹葡萄糖比值和口服葡萄糖负荷后胰岛素曲线下面积／葡萄糖曲线下面积比值作为胰岛素抵抗指标，与空腹血脂／载脂蛋白进行直线相关分析。结果：与正常对照组（ｎ＝２１）比较，高血压病组（ｎ＝３２）血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）Ｂ、空腹胰岛素、空腹胰岛素／空腹葡萄糖比值以及胰岛素曲线下面积、葡萄糖曲线下面积和胰岛素曲线下面积／葡萄糖曲线下面积比值均显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡＩ及ＡｐｏＡＩ／ＡｐｏＢ比值均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）。高血压病组空腹胰岛素／空腹葡萄糖比值和胰岛素曲线下面积／葡萄糖曲线下面积比值均分别与甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和ＡｐｏＢ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），与ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡＩ和ＡｐｏＡＩ／ＡｐｏＢ比值呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）。正常对照组上述指标间则无相关（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：高血压病患者血脂／载脂蛋白异常与胰岛素抵抗密切相关。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与冠心病关系的研究

目的：探讨载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）Ｅ基因多态性与冠心病的相关性，以及ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性对冠心病患者血脂水平的影响。方法：１００例冠心病患者和４３例正常对照者。按常规方法测定血浆脂质和Ａｐｏ水平。ＡｐｏＥ基因型的确定采用聚合酶链反应和ＨｈａＩ酶切的方法。结果：本研究只发现３种常见的ＡｐｏＥ基因型，即Ｅ３／３，Ｅ３／４，Ｅ３／２。在病例组和正常对照组之间，ＡｐｏＥ等位基因频率以及基因型频率分布没有统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在冠心病患者不同基因型之间，总胆固醇和ＡｐｏＢ的水平有差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；其它血脂指标无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：本研究证实ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性影响冠心病患者总胆固醇和ＡｐｏＢ的水平；但ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性并不是冠心病发病的直接危险因子。     

脑动脉硬化症患者血清载脂蛋白E和B100含量变化

本文观察了４２例脑动脉硬化症患者血清载脂蛋白Ｅ和Ｂ１００含量的变化，发现两者均高于正常对照组，且呈直线正相关（ｒ＝０．７１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示载脂蛋白Ｅ和Ｂ１００可能是脑动脉硬化症的危险因素。Ｐ＜０．０１ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｇｒｏｕｐ．３讨论动脉壁内脂质中含有载脂蛋白Ｅ和Ｂ１００［２］，而脂质代谢紊乱特别是载脂蛋白Ｅ和Ｂ１００的同时升高是导致脑ＡＳ的重要因素，故载脂蛋白Ｅ和Ｂ１００含量的变化作为脑ＡＳ和脑血管病的危险因素的研究日益受到重视，尤其是载脂蛋白Ｅ与脑ＡＳ的关系是近年来许多研究者注目的课题。本文通过４２例脑ＡＳ患者及４４例对照组载脂蛋白Ｅ和Ｂ１００含量测定并对二者呈相关性进行研究发现，脑ＡＳ病人这两种载脂蛋白含量显著高于正常对照组，且二者呈直线正相关关系，表明对载脂蛋白Ｅ和Ｂ１００的研究为脑ＡＳ危险性的诊断和防治能提供一个新途径。参考文献     

痴呆患者载脂蛋白E基因型及表型的研究

目的研究载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ）多态性与痴呆疾病的关系。方法对对照组（５３例）和痴呆组［其中包括Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ’ｓ病（ＡＤ）１８例，血管性痴呆（ＶＤ）２３例和帕金森病痴呆（ＰＤＤ）１３例］的载脂蛋白Ｅ基因频率和表型多态性的关系进行了比较。结果对照组ＡｐｏＥ基因频率以ε３最为常见，占９２．５％，其表型分布以Ｅ３／３型为主（占８６．８％）；在痴呆组中，ＡＤ组ＡｐｏＥε４和ε２基因频率分别为１９．４％和１３．９％，明显多于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），而ＶＤ组和ＰＤＤ组ＡｐｏＥε４和ε２基因频率与非痴呆对照组相比差别无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＡＤ组ＡｐｏＥ表型中的Ｅ３／４型和Ｅ２／３型明显高于对照组，而ＶＤ组和ＰＤＤ组中其他各型差异均不显著。结论ＡｐｏＥε４和ε２与ＡＤ关系极为密切，与ＶＤ和ＰＤＤ的关系尚需进一步研究     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.