高频超声引导滑膜囊穿刺注射~(32)P治疗类风湿性膝关节炎

目的 :探讨高频超声引导滑膜囊穿刺注射 32 P胶体治疗类风湿性膝关节炎的临床价值。方法 :高频超声引导穿刺注射 3 2 P胶体治疗类风湿性膝关节炎 52例 ,于治疗后 1～ 2周及 12～ 2 4个月对临床表现和高频超声改变进行随访观察。结果 :1.所有患者膝关节滑膜囊穿刺成功 ,1例注药时发生滑膜外皮下组织渗漏 ;2 .治疗后1～ 2周 ,滑膜囊积液增加 2 1例 (40 .3 8% )、减少 3例 (5.77% )、滑膜厚度增加 19例 (3 6.54% )、减少 15例(2 8.85% ) ;3 .治疗后 12～ 2 4个月 ,膝关节疼痛缓解 3 8例 (73 .0 8% )、肿胀减轻 45例 (86.54% )、运动改善 3 1例 (59.62 % ) ,滑膜囊积液减少 46例 (88.46% ) ,滑膜厚度减少 3 9例 (75.0 0 % )。结论 :高频超声引导滑膜囊内注射 32 P治疗类风湿性膝关节炎安全、有效 ,高频超声在同位素剂量选择、穿刺注药的精确引导及疗效的客观判定方面具有很重要的价值     

超微血管成像技术在类风湿性关节炎滑膜血管翳中的应用

目的探讨超微血管成像技术(SMI)评估类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者滑膜血管翳中的应用价值。方法收集2014年12月至2015年5月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院风湿免疫科收治的类风湿关节炎患者48例。应用日本东芝Aploi500彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,对48例RA患者于入院后进行双侧腕关节、双手第1~5掌指关节进行检查,记录关节滑膜厚度、关节腔积液有/无、关节周围肌腱改变及增厚滑膜内能量多普勤(PDI)及SMI血流信号,同时对增厚滑膜内PDI/SMI血流信号进行分级,分析患者临床28个关节疾病活动度评分(DAS28)及实验室相关检查指标。结果 48例患者,共576个关节,其中腕关节滑膜增厚有82个关节,掌指关节滑膜增厚有78个关节。腕关节增厚滑膜内SMI探测到血流信号者占81%,PDI探测到血流信号者占59%;掌指关节增厚滑膜内SMI探测到血流信号者占87%,PDI探测到血流信号者占64%;腕关节、掌指关节增厚滑膜内血流信号显示率,2种成像方式间比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=9.542,0.002;χ~2=11.272,0.001,P值均0.01);患者腕关节及掌指关节增厚滑膜内PDI及SMI血流信号分级之间比较,差异具有统计学意义(Z值=-3.835,0.001,P值均0.01;Z值=-3.611,0.001,P值均0.01);48例患者DAS28评分与SMI血流信号分级之间具有一定的正相关性(r=0.82,P0.05)。结论 SMI成像技术对RA患者增厚滑膜血管翳有较好的评估价值,同时,SMI技术与RA病变活动程度之间具有较好的相关性,可对病变的活动度及严重程度提供一定的辅助诊断价值。     

三维能量多普勒超声在类风湿关节炎滑膜病变中的应用

目的 探讨三维能量多普勒超声(3D-PDU)判断类风湿关节炎(RA)滑膜病变活动性的应用价值.方法 RA患者44例,分为活动性(23例)和非活动性(21例)两组,分别应用3D-PDU检查腕关节,测量滑膜的体积(V)、滑膜内血管指数(V1),多普勒频谱测量滑膜内动脉血流的收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、阻力指数(RI).结果 活动性组和非活动性组的V值[(1.73±0.73)cm3对(1.09±0.76)cm3,P=0.008]及VI值(9.53±6.11对3.86±4.99,P=0.000)比较差异有统计学意义;两组间PSV[(16.8±6.29)cm/s对(13.5±8.54)cm/s,P=0.282]、EDV[(5.51 4±1.77)cm/s对(5.03±2.76)cm/s,P=0.539]、RI(0.66±0.07g±O.62±0.08,P=0.095)差别无统计学意义.结论 3D-PDU在判断RA患者滑膜病变活动性中有较高的应用价值,VI值可以作为判断病变活动性的一个有效指标.     

血友病关节炎的188Re-硫化铼放射性滑膜切除研究

目的：了解^188Re-硫化铼对关节炎性滑膜炎的治疗作用。方法：20只经抗原诱导制备的兔关节滑膜炎模型，关节腔内注入不同剂量（7．4－37．0MBq)的^188Re-硫化铼，观察其滑膜及滑膜下软同的病理变化，别对7例血友病性关节炎患者的10个关节进行了^188Re-硫化铼放射性滑膜切除术，并在治疗前后MR显像以判断疗效。结果：病理检查示，14．8MBq放射性量以上的^188Re-硫化铼对兔关节炎滑膜切除有效，使增厚的滑膜变薄，炎性细胞减少，但不损伤软骨；剂量达到37．0MBq，不但没膜组织中结缔组织和脂肪组织变性，而且软骨也有一定程度的损伤。^188Re-硫化铼能减少病变关节腔内出血次数。MR显像示，关节内增生绒毛减少，水肿减轻。结论：^188Re-硫化铼能有效地对炎性滑膜进行放射性切除，在血友病性关节炎中能减轻关节症状和减少关节腔内出血 次数。     

类风湿性膝关节炎核素放射性滑膜切除术后的高频超声影像改变

目的:研究类风湿性膝关节炎放射性滑膜切除治疗后的高频超声影像变化,为疗效的判定提供客观的影像学指标。方法:用高频超声观察49例患者治疗前及治疗后不同阶段膝关节滑膜积液、滑膜形态及厚度,并进行比较分析。结果:治疗后1~2周,19例(38.78%)滑膜囊积液增加,2例(4.08%)积液减少,31例(63.27%)积液中显示细点状回声,18例(36.73%)显示粗大光点及细带状回声,16例(32.65%)滑膜厚度较治疗前增加,9例(18.37%)滑膜厚度减少。治疗后6~12月,41例(83.67%)滑膜囊积液明显减少至(2.7±0.9)mm,36例(73.47%)滑膜明显变薄,厚度降至(2.1±0.7)mm,绒毛退化或消失,显示为较光滑的线状增强回声。结论:高频超声可敏感而准确地显示类风湿性膝关节炎放射性滑膜切除术后的病理形态学变化,可作为其疗效判定的客观指标。     

关节镜下滑膜切除术治疗膝关节类风湿关节炎的临床疗效观察

目的观察采用关节镜技术治疗膝关节类风湿关节炎(RA)的临床疗效。方法 2009年1月-2013年3月对31例RA患者(32膝)行滑膜切除。患者男10例,女21例;年龄23~51岁,平均(35.5±8.7)岁;患病时间5~21年,平均(12.0±5.5)年。观察患者术前、术后1年以及术后2年X线检查结果并用Larsen法进行评估。比较术前和术后1年C反应蛋白、红细胞沉降率(血沉)、膝关节疼痛评分的改变。结果行关节镜下滑膜切除术后1年,膝关节疼痛评分从术前的(4.23±0.96)分下降至(2.21±0.87)分,类风湿因子从(265.3±120.1)U/m L下降至(89.2±12.1)U/m L,C反应蛋白从(89.36±32.12)mg/L降至(20.12±10.21)mg/L,血沉从(86.56±12.32)mm/h降至(45.23±11.12)mm/h,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。X线Larsen评价术后1年有明显改善。结论关节镜下行滑膜切除可缓解疼痛,阻止局部病变进展和改善关节周围骨质破坏。     

超声对于类风湿性关节炎膝关节滑膜病变的研究

目的应用超声研究类风湿性关节炎(RA)病人膝关节滑膜的病变.方法通过高频超声及彩色多普勒超声对RA病例组(40例)与正常对照组(45例)的滑膜厚度进行对比观察,对RA组治疗前后滑膜厚度、滑膜彩色血流分级、阻力指数(RI)进行对比观察,并选取实验室资料C-反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)与滑膜厚度、滑膜彩色血流分级做相关分析.结果 RA组治疗前较对照组滑膜增厚[(5.25±2.36) mm vs (0.68±0.01) mm],RA组治疗后髌上囊液体及滑膜厚度较治疗前变薄[(2.17±0.92) mm vs (5.25±2.36) mm],滑膜动脉血流信号减少,RI增高[(0.92±0.09) vs (0.60±0.05)].对于RA病人,其CRP及ESR与滑膜厚度、滑膜彩色血流分级间均有一定的相关性.结论超声能较好地观察类风湿性关节炎病人滑膜的病变,帮助评价治疗效果及判断病变活跃性.     

高频超声及能量多普勒超声在类风湿关节炎中的应用

近几年,高频超声(HFUS)及能量多普勒超声(PDUS)技术在类风湿关节炎(RA)的诊疗中发挥重要作用,本文就HFUS及PDUS的成像特点、疗效评价,不同关节间HFUS检查的相关性,PDUS与RA滑膜病理学相关性及PDUS在RA达标治疗中的价值等方面的研究做一综述。     

关节镜下滑膜切除术治疗膝类风湿性关节炎

目的探讨关节镜下滑膜切除术治疗膝类风湿性关节炎的疗效。方法在关节镜下对45例膝类风湿性关节炎患者行滑膜切除术,术后给予正规抗类风湿药物治疗3个月。45例患者得到了6个月的随访。随访内容包括关节功能的评定和红细胞沉降率((ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和类风湿因子(RF)的测定。结果术后6个月关节功能的优良率为91.7%(44/48个)。术后3个月,ESR、CRP和RF较术前明显下降(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下滑膜切除术联合术后正规的抗类风湿药物治疗膝类风湿性关节炎,疗效满意。     

高频超声引导滑膜囊穿刺注射^32P治疗类风湿性膝关节炎

目的：探讨高频超声引导滑膜囊穿刺注射^32P胶体治疗类风湿性膝关节炎的临床价值。方法：高频超声引导穿刺注射^32P胶体治疗类风湿性膝关节炎52例，于治疗后1～2周及12～24个月对临床表现和高频超声改变进行随访观察。结果：1．所有患者膝关节滑膜囊穿刺成功，1例注药时发生滑膜外皮下组织渗漏；2．治疗后1～2周，滑膜囊积液增加21例(40．38％)、减少3例(5．77％)、滑膜厚度增加19例(36．54％)、减少15例(28.85％)；3．治疗后12～24个月，膝关节疼痛缓解38例(73．08％)、肿胀减轻45例(86．54％)、运动改善31例(59.62％)，滑膜囊积液减少46例(88．46％)，滑膜厚度减少39例(75．00％)。结论：高频超声引导滑膜囊内注射^32P治疗类风湿性膝关节炎安全、有效，高频超声在同位素剂量选择、穿刺注药的精确引导及疗效的客观判定方面具有很重要的价值。     

Color Doppler sonography: Anatomic and physiologic assessment of the thyroid

The purpose of this study was to assess the potential application of color Doppler sonography in thyroid imaging. Thyroid nodules and other thyroid pathology detected by color Doppler ultrasound and nuclear scintigraphy were compared in 115 patients. The majority of “cold” nodules demonstrated a peripheral rim of color flow and no internal color flow with color Doppler sonography. A large number of “hot” nodules demonstrated internal color flow. Color Doppler sonography was helpful in delineating nodules in otherwise inhomogeneous glands. We determined that color Doppler cannot reliably distinguish benign from malignant thyroid nodules; fine-needle aspiration biopsy remains the most accurate method in differentiating benign and malignant lesions. We suggest that color Doppler sonography plays only a limited role in the evaluation of nodular thyroid disease at this time. The color Doppler appearance of other thyroid disorders (including toxic multinodular goiter, Graves' disease, and thyroiditis) is discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

原发性肝癌三维能量多普勒显像及与血管造影的相关性

目的 :评价三维能量多普勒描述原发性肝癌内血管分布的能力。方法 :对 4 3例原发性肝癌患者 4 3个病灶行二维及三维能量多普勒检查 ,其中 14例患者接受了血管造影检查。比较两种能量多普勒超声显示的瘤内多普勒信号丰富程度及血供类型。对 14例接受了二维、三维能量多普勒及血管造影检查的患者 ,定量比较了瘤内的血管分布情况。结果 :1.　 4 3个病灶中 ,三维能量多普勒显示瘤内血管分布丰富程度及分布类型与二维能量多普勒均有明显差异 (均 P<0 .0 0 1) ;2 .二维、三维能量多普勒及血管造影显示的血管密度分别是 4 .3% ,4 6 .0 %及 4 8.5 %。三维能量多普勒与血管造影结果高度相关 (r=0 .87,P<0 .0 0 1) ,而二维能量多普勒相关性较低 (r=0 .4 9,P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :三维能量多普勒描述原发性肝癌内血管分布优于二维能量多普勒 ,并与血管造影结果高度相关。     

Three-dimensional color Doppler sonography and uterine artery arteriography of fibroids: assessment of changes in vascularity before and after embolization.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of three-dimensional color Doppler sonography and uterine artery arteriography in depicting changes in fibroid vascularity before and after embolization. METHODS: Preembolization and postembolization three-dimensional color Doppler sonography and selective uterine artery arteriography were retrospectively compared in 15 patients who underwent uterine artery embolization for treatment of symptomatic fibroids. Three-dimensional color Doppler sonography was performed by using a scanner with color power angiographic imaging capability. Vascularity was quantified by using an estimation of power-weighted pixel density as described by our group in previously published studies. Uterine artery arteriography was performed by using a standard selective microcatheter embolization technique. For purposes of comparison, fibroids were classified as either hypervascular or hypovascular relative to myometrial vascularity before and minutes to several hours after uterine artery embolization. Changes in fibroid vascularity (i.e., from hypervascular to hypovascular) as depicted by three-dimensional color Doppler sonography were compared with those shown on uterine artery arteriography and classified as being in agreement or disagreement. RESULTS: In 13 (87%) of 15 patients there was agreement; in 2 (13%) of 15 there was disagreement. In both cases of disagreement, three-dimensional color Doppler sonography showed collateral flow not depicted by uterine artery arteriography The mean reduction in quantitated vascularity after uterine artery embolization was 44% (range, 19%-78%). CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional color Doppler sonography accurately depicts fibroid vascularity and in some cases can reveal collateral flow not depicted by uterine artery arteriography.     

Contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography in breast lesions: effect on differential diagnosis after mammography and gray scale sonography.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions after a mammography-gray scale sonography combination. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with 69 breast masses underwent power Doppler sonography before and after intravenous injection of a contrast agent. The lesions were diagnosed as "highly suggestive of malignancy" (category 5; n = 32), "suspicious" (category 4; n = 21), and "probably benign" (category 3; n = 16) by mammography and gray scale sonography, modeled on the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification. Power Doppler findings did not affect patient treatment. The authors subjectively evaluated the estimated area of vascularity, degree of enhancement following contrast agent administration, morphologic features, and distribution of vessels within the lesions. RESULTS: The final diagnoses were malignant in 28 lesions and benign in 41. Significant enhancement after contrast agent injection was detected in both the malignant and benign groups. Only 2 criteria, estimated area of vascularity and degree of enhancement following contrast agent administration, proved to be significant diagnostic determinants for contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography (P < .001; interobserver agreements, 74.4 and 77.8, respectively). Contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography provided a higher specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value than power Doppler sonography but a lower sensitivity and negative predictive value than mammography-gray scale sonography. Only in the category 4 lesions could the combination of mammography-gray scale sonography and contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography accomplish a higher specificity (71%) and positive predictive value (70%) than mammography-gray scale sonography (39% and 53%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Power Doppler and contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography cannot be recommended as confirmatory tests in Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 3 and category 5 lesions. Although contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography may help reduce unnecessary biopsies in Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 4 lesions, recommendation of its use has many drawbacks, such as imperfectly established criteria, lack of absolute certainty, and high cost.     

经外周静脉团注声学造影剂增强肾能量图的形态学研究

目的和方法通过分析经外周静脉团注声学造影剂后肾能量图的形态学改变,探讨其临床意义。经外周静脉团注声学造影剂ＦＸ５３０,动态采集造影前后的过程,并分析造影过程中的意义。结果显示在极低剂量（０００２ｍｌ／ｋｇ）条件下就可达到增强的效果。随着剂量的增加,造影持续时间延长,并且溢出伪像也逐渐增多。团注造影剂后肾脏组织在能量图条件下形态上形成５个时相：①正常相;②爆发相;③持续灌注相;④闪烁相;⑤恢复相。结论肾实质在能量图条件下的声学造影具有用量少,造影条件容易控制,造影效果好的优点,具有广泛的应用前景。     

类风湿性关系炎膝关节滑膜及血管增殖的高频超声研究

目的　探讨高频超声显示类风湿性关节炎膝关节滑膜及血管增殖病变的价值。方法　应用高频二维、彩色多普勒、能量多普勒及频谱多普勒超声技术研究了 43例类风湿性关节炎患者膝关节滑膜二维声像图、血流信号显示情况及血流动力学改变。结果　① 83个膝关节滑膜增厚 (96 .5 1% ) ,厚度 2 .2～ 17.3mm ,平均为 (5 .79± 2 .2 8)mm ,腔面毛糙不平 ,大部分可见绒毛状突起。②滑膜血管增生 ,6 8个关节滑膜内显示低速血流信号 (81.92 % ) ,显示率与滑膜厚度有关。能量多普勒 (CDE)可提高彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)为 0级的滑膜内血管显示率 ,并可显示更丰富的树支状或网状血流。③频谱多普勒检测 ,动脉Vmax=(11.76± 3 .6 8)cm /s ,Vmin=(4.6 8± 1.6 2 )cm/s ,RI =0 .6 3± 0 .0 5 ,静脉平均血流速度为 (4.37± 1.0 3)cm/s。结论　高频超声是显示类风湿性关节炎膝关节滑膜病变无创性敏感方法 ,可准确地显示关节滑膜增生及血管增殖等重要的病理改变     

Value of Doppler sonography for predicting clinical outcome after renal artery revascularization in atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the usefulness of Doppler sonography for predicting blood pressure and renal function improvement after percutaneous renal angioplasty in patients with unilateral atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with successfully revascularized unilateral atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis were included. Patients were evaluated by Doppler sonography before treatment, with the resistive index (RI) and acceleration being measured in both kidneys. Blood pressure, number of antihypertensive drugs, and serum creatinine concentration were assessed before treatment and thereafter during a 23 +/- 15-month (mean +/- SD) period. RESULTS: In 20 of the 36 patients (55%), the RI was less than 0.80 before revascularization. After treatment, blood pressure improved in 17 (85%) of those 20 patients and improved in 8 (50%) of 16 patients with an RI of greater than 0.80 (P < .05). Twenty-five patients had renal insufficiency pretreatment, and 11 (44%) had a baseline RI of less than 0.80. Improvement in renal function after angioplasty was shown in 5 (45%) of these 11 patients and in 4 (28.5%) of 14 in the group with high RI (P > .05, not significant). On analysis of acceleration, blood pressure improved in 9 (69%) of 13 patients with acceleration of greater than 3 m/s(2) and in 16 (69.5%) of 23 with acceleration of less than 3 m/s(2) (P > .05). In patients with renal insufficiency, 5 (50%) of 10 cases with normal baseline acceleration and 4 (27%) of 15 with low acceleration showed improvement in renal function (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: An elevated RI should not exclude patients from a revascularization procedure because, although renal RI does correlate with blood pressure response to revascularization, it is not a useful parameter in predicting renal function outcome. Acceleration has no prognostic value.