他克莫司与环孢菌素A对肝移植受者CD4/CD8 T淋巴细胞亚群及共刺激分子的调节作用

目的:探讨他克莫司(Tacrolimus, FK506)与环孢菌素A(CsA)对肝移植受者T淋巴细胞亚群共刺激分子的调节作用.方法:采用荧光标记单克隆抗体(mAb)结合流式细胞技术, 测定移植术后使用FK506或CsA治疗2月末的肝移植受者外周血T细胞亚群及其表面共刺激分子CD28、CD152 和ICOS的表达情况.以健康志愿者(健康对照组)和患终末期肝脏疾病拟进行肝移植者(疾病对照组)为对照.结果:疾病对照组T细胞亚群平衡紊乱、共刺激分子表达异常(P＜0.05).治疗组肝移植受者T淋巴细胞亚群表达恢复至健康对照水平, T细胞表面CD28和ICOS分子表达显著降低(P＜0.05)而CD152分子表达明显升高(P＜0.05).比较不同药物治疗组:CsA治疗组CD4 T细胞表达和CD8 T细胞表面CD28、CD152分子表达均明显高于FK506治疗组(P＜0.05);其他指标无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:在常规血药浓度条件下FK506和CsA的对CD4/CD8T细胞亚群及共刺激分子的免疫调节作用存在差异.FK506对T细胞亚群的调节作用强于CsA.FK506可同时抑制正性共刺激分子CD28和ICOS表达并促进负性共刺激分子CD152表达, 而CsA对T细胞免疫抑制作用主要是通过促进CD152分子的高表达介导.     

FK506对肝移植受者T细胞亚群上CD152和PD-1的调节研究

目的:动态观察肝移植受者外周血T细胞表面CTLA-4/CD152和PD-1的表达,探讨FK506对负性协同刺激分子的调节作用.方法:采用酶增强免疫分析法测定FK506的血药浓度.外周血T细胞亚群和T细胞表面CD152和PD-1分子的表达利用流式细胞术(FCM)进行检测.结果:各时间组间FK506血药浓度无统计学意义(P＞0.05).随治疗时间延长,CD4 T细胞持续下降,至治疗3月时已明显低于健康对照组(P＜0.05).而各治疗组CD4 T细胞百分率均明显低于疾病对照组(P＜0.05).各时段治疗组CD8 T细胞均明显高于疾病对照组(P＜0.05).肝移植术后,CD4 和CD8 T细胞上CD152的表达较健康对照组升高(P＜0.05),治疗2周和1月组还高于疾病对照组(P＜0.05).治疗2月和3月组CD4 CD152 T细胞的表达较治疗2周和1月组下降(P＜0.05).治疗3月组CD8 CD152 T细胞的表达较治疗2周和1月组降低(P＜0.05).术后T细胞亚群上PD-1的表达有升高趋势.CD4 T细胞上PD-1的表达在治疗2周开始明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.05).CD8 T细胞上PD-1的表达从治疗1月时明显高于疾病对照组(P＜0.05).结论:FK506能上调T细胞表面负性协同刺激分子CD152和PD-1的表达,可能参与抑制效应T细胞的过度增殖与活化,维持移植受者的存活和免疫稳态.     

HIV感染者外周血CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+/CD127low/-调节性T细胞表达水平对疾病进展的影响

目的:探讨HIV感染者外周血中CD4+ CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞(Treg)、CD4+ CD25+ CD127low/-Treg的水平及其与其他免疫指标的关系.方法:采集68例未经抗HIV治疗的HIV/AIDS患者(长期不进展组即LTNP组29例、典型进展的HIV感染组27例、AIDS组12例)及20例健康成人的外周抗凝全血,经免疫荧光染色,应用流式细胞仪分析CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、NK细胞及CD4+CD25+Foxp3+/CD127low/-Treg的含量,并进行统计学分析.结果:除CD8+T细胞外,HIV/AIDS患者外周血中CD4+T细胞、NK细胞、CD4 +/CD8+结果均明显低于健康对照组(P＜0.05);随着疾病的进展,LTNP组、HIV组、AIDS组CD4+T细胞百分比、绝对值计数,CD8+T细胞绝对计数,NK细胞绝对计数,CD4 +/CD8+比值逐渐下降,而CD8+T细胞百分比逐渐上升.对CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg与CD4+ CD25+CD127low/-Treg百分含量、绝对计数进行多重比较发现,各组间CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg与CD4-CD25+ CD127low/-Treg所占CD4+T细胞百分含量的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),并且随着疾病的发展,CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+/CD127low/ Treg细胞百分含量逐渐上升,LTNP组与健康对照组之间、HIV组和AIDS组之间CD4+ CD25+Foxp3+/CD127low/ Treg绝对计数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),其余各组间的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),并且随着疾病的发展,CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3-/CD127low/-Treg绝对计数逐渐下降.结论:CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3 +/CD127low/-Treg在HIV持续感染的免疫发病机制中有一定作用.     

原发免疫性血小板减少症患者CD4+T细胞CD28的表达及其与IFN-γ/IL-10比率的关系

目的 研究原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者治疗前、后,外周血CD4+的T淋巴细胞中共刺激分子CD28的表达及与IFN-γ/IL-10比率的关系.方法 采用流式细胞术分析30例ITP患者糖皮质激素治疗前、后和26例正常对照外周血CD4+T细胞上CD28表达率,用ELISA双夹心法检测外周血血清中IFN-γ和IL-10的水平,评价CD4+ CD28+与IFN-γ/IL-10平衡状态、血小板计数之间的关系.结果 ITP患者治疗前CD4+ CD28+的表达显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),治疗后与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ITP患者治疗前IFN-γ水平较正常对照组显著增高,IL-10水平显著降低,IFN-γ/IL-10比值显著增高(P＜0.01),治疗后与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ITP患者治疗前CD4+ CD28+与IFN-γ/IL-10比值呈正相关(P＜0.05),与血小板计数呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 共刺激分子CD28与ITP免疫紊乱密切相关,可能通过参与Th1优势状态形成而在ITP的发病中发挥一定作用.     

探讨梅毒IL-10、CD4+CD25+表达与预后的关系

目的 探讨梅毒患者外周血CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞、血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的表达变化及其临床意义.方法 以本院皮肤性病科收治的67例确诊梅毒患者作为病例组,30名健康人群作为健康组,采用流式细胞仪技术检测两组研究对象外周血中CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群水平,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(DABS-ELISA)测定两组研究对象血清IL-10的水平差异.结果 病例组患者的CD4+ CD25+ (12.64 ±3.86)％、CD8+ (28.27±1.86)％,显著的高于健康组(P＜0.05);病例组患者的CD4+ (31.25±6.14)％、CD4+/CD8+ (1.11 ±0.36)％,显著低于健康组患者(P＜0.05).病例组患者的IL-10 4.89±0.41pg/mL显著的高于健康组(P＜0.05).血清固定梅毒患者的CD4+CD25+、CD8+显著的高于Ⅰ期梅毒、Ⅱ期梅毒、潜伏期梅毒患者(P＜0.05),血清固定梅毒患者的CD4+、CD4+/CD8+显著低于Ⅰ期梅毒、Ⅱ期梅毒、潜伏期梅毒患者(P＜0.05).血清固定型患者的血清IL-10 5.02±0.40pg/mL显著的高于Ⅰ期梅毒、Ⅱ期梅毒(P＜0.05).结论 梅毒患者外周血CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞、IL-10水平显著升高,同时血清固定患者的升高最显著,这可能与患者的免疫抑制具有一定的关系.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血细胞CD40+、CD40L+及CD8+/CD28+表达的研究

目的检测慢性乙型肝炎(简称慢乙肝)患者外周血淋巴、单核细胞表面CD40+、CD40L+及淋巴细胞表面CD8+/CD28+、CD8+/CD28-的表达,评价患者的细胞免疫状态,为临床治疗提供指导.方法流式细胞仪测定慢乙肝患者单核细胞、淋巴细胞表面CD40+、CD40L+表达的百分率及淋巴细胞表面CD8+/CD28+、CD8+/CD28-表达的百分率.结果慢乙肝组外周血淋巴、单核细胞表面CD40+、CD40L+及淋巴细胞表面CD8+/CD28+的表达明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.05,P＜0.01),乙肝肝硬化组(简称肝硬化)均明显低于正常对照组(均P＜0.01),而慢乙肝组、肝硬化组CD8+/CD28-的表达高于正常对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).慢乙肝组与肝硬化组均无显著差异(均P＞0.05).慢乙肝轻、中、重度和肝硬化三组间均无显著差异(均P＞0.05).相关性分析结果显示,慢乙肝患者淋巴、单核细胞表面CD40+和CD40L+的表达之间存在正相关,淋巴细胞CD40+、CD40L+表达与CD8+/CD28+表达存在正相关,而与CD8+/CD28-表达相关性不明显.结论慢乙肝患者外周血淋巴、单核细胞CD40+、CD40L+及淋巴细胞CD8+/CD28+表达低下,而CD8+/CD28-的表达增加.检测外周血CD40+、CD40L+及CD8+/CD28+的表达可评估患者的细胞免疫状态,对临床的抗病毒治疗提供新思路.     

浆细胞性乳腺炎患者外周血CD4+CD25+CD127-调节性T细胞变化

目的:观察浆细胞性乳腺炎(Plasma cell mastitis,PCM)患者外周血CD4+ CD25+ CD127-调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+ CD127-Treg)数量和功能变化,以探讨PCM免疫病理机制.方法:将58例浆细胞乳腺炎患者分成三组:其中急性组13例(22％)、亚急性组25例(43％)和慢性组20例(34％).并设正常对照组20例及乳腺癌对照组16例.以流式细胞术检测各型PCM患者外周血中CD4 +CD25+ CD127 Treg细胞百分率;实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测转录因子Foxp3表达及ELISA检测TGF-β水平.结果:三组PCM组与正常组相比,外周血CD4+ CD25+ CD127 Treg数量,外周血PBMC中Foxp3表达及血浆TGF-β水平均下降(P＜0.05),其中急性PCM组下降最为明显(P＜0.01),乳腺癌组三项指标均升高(P＜0.05).结论:浆细胞性乳腺炎患者的CD4+ CD25+ CD127-Treg数量及功能有所下降.     

CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞/Th17细胞失衡与婴幼儿脓毒症

目的 观察不同免疫状态下婴幼儿脓毒症CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~(high)岫调节性T细胞(Tr)/Th17细胞的变化,探讨婴幼儿脓毒症适应性免疫紊乱可能的机制.方法 婴幼儿脓毒症48例,健康同龄儿童对照组26例.用流式细胞术榆测CD14~+单核细胞HLA-DR表达率,CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~(high)Tr 比例及Th17细胞比例;用ELISA法检测细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、TGF-β及IL-17A等浓度,计算IL-10/TNF-α比值;实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)检测CD4~+T细胞Foxp3、ROR-γt mRNA表达及IL-17A mRNA表达.以CD14~+单核细胞HLA-DR表达＞或＜30%为阈值,将患儿分为免疫激活组(DR-H组)和免疫抑制组(DR-L组).结果 DR-L组IL-10/TNF-α比值明显高于DR-H组(P＜0.05)及对照组(P＜0.05).CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~(high) Tr细胞比例及转录因子Foxp3基因表达DR-L组明显高于对照组及DR-H组(P＜O.05).Th17细胞比例、IL-17A血浓度、Th17细胞IL-17A基因表达及转录因子ROR-γt基因表达DR-H组及DR-L组均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),两组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).DR-H组和DR-L组Th17细胞主要分化调控因子IL-6、IL-1β血清浓度明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),两组问IL-6、IL-1β浓度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),DB-L组CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~(high) Tr细胞主要调节因子TGF-β血浓度明显高于DR-H组及对照组(P＜0.05).结论 Th17持续过度活化可能是导致脓毒症前炎症细胞因子/趋化因子持续增高的原因之一;CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~(high) Tr细胞/Th17细胞失衡可能参与脓毒症混合性拮抗反应综合征(MARS)的发生发展,婴幼儿脓毒症细胞因子微环境变化可能是导致CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~(high) Tr细胞/Thl7细胞失衡的原因之一.     

妊娠浓度的雌激素对诱导CD4~+CD25~-naive T细胞转化为CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞的影响

目的 体外观察妊娠浓度的雌激素能否诱导CD4+CD25-naiveT细胞转化为CD+CD25+Treg细胞,并探讨其相关性.方法 以CD4+CD25-T细胞作为反应细胞,实验组加入妊娠水平的雌激素(E2)及CD3/CD28单抗作为刺激原培养72 h,设阴性对照组(仅加入CD3/CD28单抗)和空白对照组.72 h后检测各组中CD4+CD25+T细胞和CD4+Foxp+T细胞比例变化及Foxp3 mRNA表达.结果 1)阴性对照组CD+CD25+T细胞比例较空白对照组显著增高(P＜0.001),而实验组CD4+CD25+T细胞比例进一步升高(P＜0.001).2)阴性对照组不能诱导CD4+Foxp+T细胞比例增高,但实验组CD4+Foxp3+T细胞的比例则较其它2组均显著升高(P＜0.001).3)RT-PCR提示阴性对照组Foxp3 mRNA的表达量较空白对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05);而实验组F0xp3 mRNA的表达昔较其它2组均显著升高(P＜0.001).结论 体外淋巴细胞刺激实验提示妊娠状态下雌激素的高水平与CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞比例的升高密切相关.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞PD-1的表达和意义

目的 探讨程序性死亡分子1 (PD-1)在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞上的表达及临床意义.方法 应用流式细胞仪检测51例SLE患者和38例健康对照者外周血T细胞亚群表面PD-1表达水平,比较SLE稳定组、活动组和健康对照组以及狼疮肾炎组和无狼疮肾炎组之间CD4+和CD8+T细胞表面PD-1表达的百分比,并分析其与临床表现及实验室检查数据的相关性.结果 SLE活动组CD4+T细胞PD-1表达水平高于健康对照组和不活动组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).SLE活动组、稳定组CD8+T细胞PD-1表达水平均高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).狼疮肾炎患者CD4+PD-1+和CD8+PD-1+T细胞分别高于无狼疮肾炎患者(P＜0.01).SLE患者中抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗核小体抗体阳性组外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞PD-1表达水平均高于对应阴性组.SLE患者CD4+和CD8+T细胞PD-1表达百分率与SLE疾病活动度指数(SLEDAI)、尿蛋白定量呈正相关,与补体C3呈负相关.结论 SLE患者外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞PD-1表达异常,与SLEDA1和自身抗体产生有明确的相关性.     

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with peripheral T lymphocytes expressing CD 2+, CD 3+, CD 4-, CD 8-, CD 16+, and CD 56+ and lymph-node lymphocytes expressing CD 2+, CD 3-, CD 4-, CD 8-, CD 16+, CD 38+, and CD 56+]

A 33-year-old man was hospitalized because of thrombocytopenia and severe splenomegaly. On admission 78% of peripheral lymphoid cells were abnormally large, with pale cytoplasm. Flow cytometry of the abnormal lymphocytes showed that they expressed CD 2, CD 3, CD 11, CD 16, and CD 56, but not CD 4 nor CD 8, so they were T-cell large granular lymphocytes (T-LGL). Abnormal lymphocytes obtained from a lymph node expressed CD 2, CD 16, CD 38, and CD 56, but not CD 3, CD 4, and CD 8, so they were natural killer(NK) cells. Splenectomy was performed and the operative specimen showed diffuse infiltration of pleomorphic lymphocytes, probably chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. After splenectomy, the platelet count returned to normal but the lymphocytosis continued. Two years after discharge, chemotherapy was done because of thrombocytopenia and hepatomegaly. The patient died of disseminated intravascular coagulation arising from sepsis. The differences and similarities between peripheral and lymph-node lymphocytes suggest that LGL and NK cells may be differentiated from the same kind of cell, somewhat differentiated from stem cells.     

A CD44 monoclonal antibody differentially regulates CD11a/CD18 binding to intercellular adhesion molecules CD54, CD102 and CD50

We have made a monoclonal anti-CD44 antibody which is able to activate the leukocyte integrin CD11a/CD18. Activated T cells strongly aggregated, and the aggregation was shown to be intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 (CD54) and ICAM-2 (CD102) dependent. Using purified ICAM coated on plastic, only binding to ICAM-1 was increased by the CD44 antibody, whereas activation by phorbol ester increased binding to both ICAM-1 and ICAM-3. The binding to ICAM-2 was not affected by either treatment. These findings show that the CD11a/CD18 integrin can be activated in a ligand-specific manner by engagement of CD44.     

Reduction in CD16/CD56 and CD16/CD3/CD56 Natural Killer Cells in Coronary Artery Disease

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are the potential modulators of inflammatory reactions that exert several unique biological effects and could lead to future adverse events of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to find out the possible association of modulation in NK cell, TNK cells, T cells, B cells, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in CAD patients and various forms of myocardial infarction.

Methods: The present study included total 190 subjects (98 confirmed CAD patients both men and women and 92 healthy control individuals). Serum concentration of TNF-α was measured by ELISA method. For the measurement of various immune cells, viz., NK cell, TNK cells, T cells, and B cells, flow-cytometric analysis was performed.

Results: A significant reduction by 15% (P < 0.001) in CD16/CD56 NK cells was observed in CAD patients. Moreover, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), unstable angina (UA), and combined UA + NSTEMI group also showed a significant decline in NK cells compared with control individuals. CD16/CD56/CD3 TNK cells showed a significant reduction in CAD, NSTEMI, STEMI, and UA categories. However, UA + NSTEMI group did not show any significant change in TNK cells. On the other hand, the level of TNF-α was found to be significantly elevated in CAD, STEMI, and UA groups. NSTEMI and combined UA + NSTEMI group did not show any significant change in TNF-α level.

Conclusion: Current study provides an insight toward the association of immune cells and inflammation with CAD.     

Interferons alpha/beta inhibit IL-7-induced proliferation of CD4- CD8- CD3- CD44+ CD25+ thymocytes, but do not inhibit that of CD4- CD8- CD3- CD44- CD25- thymocytes.

Type 1 interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) have recently been shown to inhibit interleukin-7 (IL-7)-induced growth and survival of early B-lineage cells. The CD3- CD4- CD8- (triple negative; TN) thymocytes from normal mice strongly proliferated upon stimulation with IL-7 in suspension, culture. Such an IL-7-induced proliferation was suppressed by the addition of IFN-alpha/beta, but a fraction of the TN thymocytes still showed proliferation. The IL-7-induced growth of TN thymocytes from acid mice, which lack the CD44- CD25- subpopulation, was completely inhibited by the addition of IFN-alpha/beta. The IL-7 induced proliferation of CD4- CD8- thymocytes from T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice, the majority of which are CD3+ CD44- CD25-, was resistant to IFN-alpha/beta-mediated suppression. In fetal thymus organ cultures (FTOC), the addition of IL-7 greatly increased the population of CD4- CD8- CD44+ CD25+ thymocytes and IFN-alpha/beta inhibited this IL-7-driven expansion. In contrast, the addition of IL-7 markedly decreased the percentages of CD4- CD8- CD3- CD44- CD25- cells, and IFN-alpha/beta reversed the effect and increased the subpopulations of CD44- CD25+ and CD44- CD25-. Finally, IFN-beta mRNA was found to be expressed in the thymus. The data suggest that type I interferons inhibit IL-7-driven proliferation of TN thymocytes, but do not block the normal differentiation process.     

CD28/CTLA-4 and CD80/CD86 families

T cell stimulation in the absence of a second, costimulatory signal can lead to anergy or the induction of cell death. CD28 is a major T cell costimulatory receptor, the coengagement of which can prevent anergy and cell death. The CD28 receptor is a member of a complex family of polypeptides that includes at least two receptors and two ligands. Cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4, CD152) is the second member of the CD28 receptor family. The ligands or counterreceptors for these two proteins are the B7 family members, CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). This article reviews the CD28/CTLA4 and CD80/CD86 families, and outlines the functional outcomes and biochemical signaling pathways recruited after CD28 ligation.     

Regulatory function of cytomegalovirus-specific CD4CD27CD28 T cells

CMV infection is characterized by high of frequencies of CD27⁻CD28⁻ T cells. Here we demonstrate that CMV-specific CD4⁺CD27⁻CD28⁻ cells are regulatory T cells (T_R). CD4⁺CD27⁻CD28⁻ cells sorted from CMV-stimulated PBMC of CMV-seropositive donors inhibited de novo CMV-specific proliferation of autologous PBMC in a dose-dependent fashion. Compared with the entire CMV-stimulated CD4⁺ T-cell population, higher proportions of CD4⁺CD27⁻CD28⁻ T_R expressed FoxP3, TGFβ, granzyme B, perforin, GITR and PD-1, lower proportions expressed CD127 and PD1-L and similar proportions expressed CD25, CTLA4, Fas-L and GITR-L. CMV-CD4⁺CD27⁻CD28⁻ T_R expanded in response to IL-2, but not to CMV antigenic restimulation. The anti-proliferative effect of CMV-CD4⁺CD27⁻CD28⁻ T_R significantly decreased after granzyme B or TGFβ inhibition. The CMV-CD4⁺CD27⁻CD28⁻ T_R of HIV-infected and uninfected donors had similar phenotypes and anti-proliferative potency, but HIV-infected individuals had higher proportions of CMV-CD4⁺CD27⁻CD28⁻ T_R. The CMV-CD4⁺CD27⁻CD28⁻ T_R may contribute to the downregulation of CMV-specific and nonspecific immune responses of CMV-infected individuals.     

A Combination of CD15/CD10, CD64/CD33, CD16/CD13 or CD11b Flow Cytometric Granulocyte Panels is Sensitive and Specific for Diagnosis of Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Flow cytometry (FCM) is a reproducible and objective technique that may be useful in the diagnosisof myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) by detecting abnormal immunophenotypes specific to MDS. We investigated 5 granulocyte/monocyte panels by FCM to find a sensitive and specific combination of panels in order to discriminate MDS from non-clonal hematologic disorders. Bone marrow aspirates from 35 patients with MDS and 25 patients with non-clonal hematologic disorders were studied. We performed FCM using 5 granulocyte/monocyte panels (CD15/CD10/CD45, CD64/CD33/CD45, CD16/CD13/CD45, CD16/CD11b/CD45, and CD56/CD19/CD7/CD45) to examine the positive rate in MDS and controls, and to find an optimal combination that maximizes the detection rate of MDS. In MDS, the number of abnormal immunophenotypes per 5 granulocytic and 5 monocytic panels were 2.1±1.2 and 2.2±1.4. The rates were higher than the controls (P< 0.001, respectively). As the number of employed panels increased, the percent values of abnormal immunophenotypes increased (P=0.002). The maximum rate of abnormal immunophenotype was 89.7% in MDS patients, especially 100.0% in normal karyotype, when a combination of three panels, CD15/CD10/CD45, CD64/CD33/CD45, and either CD16/CD13/CD45 or CD16/CD11b/CD45 was used. This study demonstrates that a combination of CD15/CD10, CD64/CD33, CD16/CD13 or CD11b granulocyte panels in FCM is sensitive and specific for diagnosis of MDS.     

Kikuchi病中检测出全T细胞相关抗原丢失

目的 观察全T细胞相关抗原CD2、CD3、CD5、CD7在Kikuchi病中是否存在丢失,探讨将全T细胞相关抗原丢失作为鉴别T细胞良、恶性病变辅助诊断依据的局限性.方法 收集33例明确诊断为Kikuchi病和15例淋巴组织反应性增生病例,通过复习HE切片并应用免疫组织化学EliVision法检测病变中CD2、CD3、CD5、CD7的表达情况.结果 72.7％ (24/33)的Kikuchi病患者中存在一种或几种全T细胞相关抗原的丢失,其中13例仅CD5丢失,1例仅CD7丢失,1例仅CD2丢失,2例CD2和CD7丢失,4例CD5和CD7丢失,2例CD2和CD5丢失,1例CD2、CD5和CD7丢失.以CD5丢失最多见(60.6％,20/33),其次为CD7(24.2％,8/33)和CD2( 18.2％,6/33).抗原的丢失多见于增生型及坏死型.经随访,抗原的丢失与Kikuchi病的预后无明显相关性.15例淋巴组织反应性增生病例中无明显抗原丢失现象.结论 Kikuchi病中存在一种或几种全T细胞相关抗原的丢失.因此,将全T细胞相关抗原丢失作为T细胞淋巴瘤辅助诊断依据不适用于Kikuchi病.     

Lower proportion of CD19+IL-10+ and CD19+CD24+CD27+ but not CD1d+CD5+CD19+CD24+CD27+ IL-10+ B cells in children with autoimmune thyroid diseases

Abstract

Introduction: As it is generally known, regulatory B cells (Bregs) control inflammation and autoimmunity. The significance of Bregs in the population of children with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) still offers plenty of potential to explore. The aim of this study was to estimate the expression of Bregs (phenotype CD19⁺CD24⁺CD27⁺IL-10⁺, CD19⁺IL-10⁺, CD1d⁺CD5⁺CD19⁺IL-10⁺ and CD1d⁺CD5⁺CD19⁺CD24⁺CD27⁺) in a paediatric cohort with AITD and in health controls.

Materials and methods: A total of 100 blood samples were obtained from 53 paediatric patients with Graves’ disease (GD) (N?=?12 newly diagnosed, mean age 12.5?±?3.5 and N?=?17 during methimazole therapy, mean age 12.7?±?4.4), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) (N?=?10 newly diagnosed, mean age 13.3?±?2.9 and N?=?10 during L-thyroxine therapy, mean age 13.7?±?3.4) and compared with healthy controls (C) (N?=?15, mean age 13.1?±?3.1). The expressions of the immune cell populations were analysed by four-color flow cytometry using a FASC Canto II cytometer (BD Biosciences).

Results: There was a decreasing tendency in the number of lymphocytes B producing IL-10 (B10) cells among all B lymphocytes and more widely, also among all lymphocytes, in each study group, as compared to C. We reported a reduction in IL-10 production in Bregs with the expression of CD19⁺CD24⁺CD27⁺IL-10 and CD1d⁺CD5⁺CD19⁺IL-10⁺ in both untreated and treated AITD.

Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that the reduction in the number of Bregs with CD19⁺CD24⁺CD27⁺IL-10⁺ and CD19⁺IL-10⁺ expression could be responsible for breaking immune tolerance and for AITD development in children.