后尿道闭锁伴尿道直肠瘘1例报告

患儿，男，6岁。因先天性肛门闭锁，于出生后3d在当地医院施行手术治疗，术后尿道无尿液排出，但肛门溢尿。于1995年10月27日以后尿道闭锁伴尿道直肠瘘收入我院。排泄性尿路造影显示后尿道闭锁伴尿道直肠瘘。尿道会师造影显示后尿道闭锁，长度1cm。于充分肠道准备后，在基础加硬膜外麻醉下，采用腹会阴联合径路施行尿道吻合加直肠瘘修补术。术中见尿道闭锁于前列腺部，长度1cm。瘘口在闭锁部位以上尿道后部，直径0．8cm，与直肠相通。水中充分游离尿道，充分切除瘘四周围瘢痕组织后单纯分层修补直肠瘘，将尿道闭锁部分切除后端端吻合。分别…     

多层螺旋CT尿道成像在尿道狭窄诊断中的应用

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT尿道成像技术在尿道狭窄诊断中的应用价值.方法 对20例因各种原因引起的尿道狭窄病例同时进行普通X线排尿造影和多层螺旋CT尿道成像枪查,观察尿道狭窄情况,与手术结果对照,并进行统计学分析.结果 多层螺旋CT尿道成像不仪能显示尿道狭窄部位和狭窄稃度,而且能显示尿道狭窄处与周围组织的关系,而后者在普通x线排尿造影中无法显示.结论 多层螺旋CT尿道成像分辨率高,较普通X线排尿造影显示尿道狭窄更具优势.     

复杂尿道狭窄合并尿道直肠瘘的手术径路选择

目的 探讨复杂尿道狭窄合并尿道直肠瘘的手术径路选择及疗效.方法 后尿道狭窄合并尿道直肠瘘患者34例.其中医原性6例,骨盆骨折尿道损伤所致26例,坠落伤所致2例.34例均采用尿道端端吻合同时行直肠瘘修补.4例尿道狭窄段1.5～2.5 cm采用单纯性经会阴途径;30例尿道狭窄段3.0～7.0 em者采用经会阴切除耻骨下缘途径21例,经会阴与经耻骨联合途径9例. 结果 单纯经会阴途径手术4例均获成功;经会阴切除耻骨下缘途径21例中成功19例(90%),经会阴加经耻骨联合途径9例中成功7例(78%).术后仍有尿道狭窄2例,发生直肠瘘2例. 结论 复杂尿道狭窄合并尿道直肠瘘的手术径路选择应根据尿道狭窄长度、瘘道部位与大小、病因及既往手术史决定.经会阴切除耻骨下缘途径手术效果好.     

经尿道钬激光内切联合电切除瘢痕治疗尿道狭窄

2005年5月至2009年5月,笔者非选择性对30例尿道狭窄患者行钬激光狭窄内切联合电切除瘢痕术,所有病例随访5～24个月,将术中术后情况报告如下. 1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料 本组30例,均为男性,年龄14～68岁,平均42岁.病程3个月至5年,平均26个月.所有病例术前均行最大尿流率(Qmax 4～9 ml/s)、尿道膀胱镜、尿道造影及膀胱尿路造影等检查确诊;狭窄部位位于后尿道17例,前尿道13例;狭窄长度:0.5～3 cm,平均长度1.8 cm.其中≥1 cm的18例,12例狭窄长度＜1 cm.合并假道8例、膀胱结石3例;73.3%(22/30)的患者有尿道操作或手术史.术前常规抗炎治疗2周,术后1个月复查尿流率.     

顺行联合逆行尿道造影在男性后尿道损伤诊断中的价值

目的 评价顺行联合逆行尿道造影判断男性后尿道损伤的准确性和安全性。方法 回顾性分析北京积水潭医院泌尿外科2013年6月至2018年6月收治的后尿道狭窄或闭锁的318例患者的临床资料。将患者术前尿道造影片上尿道狭窄段或者闭锁段测量的长度与术中的测量值进行比较。同时统计该检查并发症的发生情况。结果 尿道狭窄者在尿道造影片上测量的狭窄长度[(0.8±0.4)cm]短于术中测量的长度[(1.2±0.3)cm,P=0.002]。尿道闭锁者在尿道造影片上测量的闭锁长度[(2.3±1.1)cm]长于术中测量的长度[(2.0±0.9)cm,P=0.07]。该检查方法可能造成的并发症主要包括:感染,血尿,疼痛和过敏。结论顺行联合逆行尿道造影安全并且操作方便,但尿道造影片上测量的后尿道狭窄或闭锁的长度与术中测量值存在偏差,术者制定手术方案时应充分考虑。     

男性尿道直肠瘘治疗体会（附四例报告）

男性尿道直肠瘘治疗体会（附四例报告）廖斯东，冯自卫，罗耀雄，廖宁男性尿道直肠瘘多由于骨盆骨折、前列腺、直肠、肛门的手术或腔内器械操作所引起，由于解剖部位特殊，瘘孔暴露困难，一些患者还伴有后尿道严重瘢痕狭窄甚至闭锁，修补瘘孔往往有很大困难，治疗效果亦不...     

带蒂皮瓣在复杂性长段尿道闭锁中的应用

目的 探讨带蒂皮瓣在复杂性长段尿道闭锁中的应用. 方法 复杂性长段尿道闭锁患者18例,其中阴茎悬垂部尿道闭锁4例、前尿道完全闭锁7例、前后尿道均闭锁7例.尿道闭锁长度平均15.1(8.7～23.0)cm.伴尿道会阴瘘8例,后尿道直肠瘘7例,假道形成8例.病因:骨盆骨折伴后尿道狭窄术后7例,尿道膀胱内灌注化疗所致4例,球部尿道狭窄术后3例,淋病性尿道狭窄行尿道扩张术后2例,长期留置导尿管所致2例.经会阴切除闭锁尿道,修补直肠瘘;根据尿道缺损长度,应用带蒂皮瓣行一期尿道成形术. 结果 平均随访14(12～18)个月.术后3个月,15例排尿通畅,最大尿流率平均16.9(16.5～21.7)ml/s.1例皮管过长迂曲,排尿困难,切除多余皮管后排尿正常;1例尿道吻合口感染导致再狭窄,切除狭窄段,行尿道端端吻合术后排尿通畅;I例因血肿感染后尿瘘,行尿瘘修补术治愈.术后6个月,17例最大尿流率平均17.0(15.0～22.0)ml/s,1例真性尿失禁无法测定.术后9～18个月,17例最大尿流率平均17.5(15.8～22.5)ml/s. 结论 带蒂皮瓣一期尿道成形术可作为修复复杂性长段尿道闭锁的方法之一.     

套入隔离法修补复杂后尿道直肠瘘(附11例报告)

目的 探讨后尿道直肠瘘合并尿道狭窄或闭锁、肛管狭窄的手术修复方法。方法 对１１例复杂后尿道直肠瘘病人采用套入隔离法进行治疗。其中７例合并长段尿道狭窄或闭锁者采用经耻骨、会阴带蒂阴茎阴囊联合皮管套入瘘孔隔离法,４例合并肛管狭窄者采用经腹会阴直肠腔内结肠拖出瘘孔隔离法。结果 １１例均治愈,随访１～２０年,仅４例需短期尿道扩张,全部排尿、粪通畅。结论 对某些广泛硬化的复杂性后尿道直肠瘘采用瘘孔隔离方法修     

低剂量数字减影血管造影技术三维重建在骨关节骨折中的应用价值

目的 比较分析X线、螺旋CT及低剂量数字减影血管造影技术三维重建在30例骨关节骨折中的应用,探讨低剂量数字减影血管造影技术三维重建在骨关节骨折中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2010年2月-2011年3月广州开发区医院放射科收治经X线、螺旋CT和数字减影血管造影技术三维重建证实的30例骨关节骨折患者的病例资料,比较分析30例骨关节骨折的数字减影血管造影技术和三维重建表现及X线片表现.采用SPSS 11.0统计软软件包.用Spearman相关性分析检验,对不同方法采用单因素方差分析及各指标间的独立样本t检验;对各种方法的准确率评估采用卡方精确检验,P ＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 本组30例中显示骨折线,明确骨折线的走行,骨折片的数目,来源及分离移位情况,数字减影血管造影技术三维重建30例均能清晰显示;螺旋CT 20例能清晰显示,10例不能清晰显示;X线平片10例能清晰显示,20例未见显示.螺旋CT关节囊和软组织显示清晰.结论 低剂量数字减影血管造影技术三维重建比螺旋CT及X线平片更能清楚显示骨折,明确骨折线的走行和骨折片的数目、来源及分离移位情况,为治疗方案的选择和预后的估计提供帮助.     

双窥镜会师术治疗复杂性后尿道狭窄闭锁

我院于 1 996年 2月～ 1 999年 1 0月使用双窥镜会师内切开术治疗复杂性后尿道狭窄闭锁 1 8例 ,效果满意 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1 　 临床资料本组 1 8例均为男性 ,年龄 2 8～ 75岁。致病原因 :骨盆骨折 6例 ,医源性损伤或并发症 1 2例。病程 5个月～ 1年。术前均已作耻骨上膀胱造瘘及尿道顺、逆行造影 ,明确是否闭锁以及狭窄闭锁段长度。复杂性尿道狭窄 1 3例 ,其中超过 2 .0 cm长段狭窄者 6例 ,最长 3.2 cm,严重骨盆畸形者 1例 ,并发结石者 1例 ,并发假道者 1例 ,接近膀胱颈高位后尿道狭窄者 4例 ;尿道闭锁 5例 ,长度 0 .8～ 1 .7…     

Imaging of the male urethra for stricture disease

Imaging of the urethra for suspected stricture disease should initially consist of conventional imaging with a dynamic RUG. It is easy to perform and detects clinically relevant strictures involving the anterior urethra and those with extension into the membranous urethra. Additional studies, including antegrade imaging, sonographic urethrography, and MRI are best used in conjunction with RUG as clinically indicated to better define the extent of disease and assist in guiding reconstruction. Post-operatively, VCUG is appropriate to evaluate complete healing and adequacy of repair. Sonourethrography is a simple technique that provides a dynamic, precise assessment of anterior urethral strictures. It is best employed as a staging study in men with known symptomatic strictures in whom the need for operative therapy is clear. For short bulbar strictures ultrasound is more accurate in measuring stricture length than conventional radiographic RUG and is therefore helpful in determining whether to excise or graft. For long or complex strictures assessment of the stricture's diameter may be helpful in determining flap width or in identifying the focal urethral segments to be excised. The simplicity, precision, and availability of sonography along with the absence of radiation exposure make sonourethrography a valuable staging tool for the reconstructive urologist. MRI is valuable for defining the distorted pelvic anatomy that is frequently associated with posterior urethral strictures resulting from trauma. By determining the location of the prostate and the length of the prostatomembranous defect, MRI may help determine whether a transperineal or transpubic approach for reconstruction is necessary.     

Sonourethrography in the evaluation of urethral strictures: a preliminary report

A total of 17 patients with suspected stricture disease underwent conventional retrograde urethrography and sonourethrography. When the length of the stricture as assessed by each imaging modality was compared to measurements at open urethroplasty in 7 patients, sonourethrography was consistently more accurate. Distension of the urethra with saline during the ultrasound examination enabled classification of the degree of spongiofibrosis, which was confirmed by full depth biopsy in 5 patients. Sonourethrography cannot adequately image the posterior urethra, even when the transcrotal approach is used. However, because it is a dynamic 3-dimensional study and can be repeated without risk of radiation exposure, sonourethrography is preferable to radiographic retrograde urography to evaluate patients with suspected anterior urethral strictures.     

Gray scale and color Doppler sonography with extended field of view technique for the diagnostic evaluation of anterior urethral strictures

PURPOSE: We compared the clinical relevance of radio urethrography with that of sonourethrography for evaluating male urethral strictures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2002 to 2004, 93 men were referred to our institution for urethral strictures. Patients were evaluated by conventional voiding cystourethrography, retrograde urethrography, and gray scale and color Doppler sonourethrography. For sonourethrography the extended field of view technique was used to obtain 1 image of the whole anterior urethra. In all cases the urethra was evaluated cystoscopically or at open surgery. Radio urethrography and sonourethrography findings were compared with cystoscopy or surgery findings. RESULTS: All strictures were evaluated and treated cystoscopically with visual internal urethrotomy (34%) or at open operation (66%), which allowed comparison of the ability of each study to predict operative stricture length. Sonourethrography correctly identified the stricture and its site in all cases, whereas radio urethrography yielded 2 false-negative results. There was a significant difference between stricture length measured by radio urethrography compared to that measured by sonourethrography (correlation coefficient 0.72 vs 0.92, p<0.005). Mean+/-SD stricture length measured by radio urethrography was 1.5+/-1.3 cm and by sonourethrography it was 2.1+/-0.9 cm. Comparison of radio urethrography and sonourethrography stricture length with operative lengths demonstrated a good correlation in the penile urethra (correlation coefficient 0.91 vs 0.98), whereas a poor correlation was found in the bulbar urethra (correlation coefficient 0.65 vs 0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Gray scale and color Doppler sonourethrography using the extended field of view technique with a Siemens Sonoline Elegra is a promising tool for defining male urethral strictures. It seems to be superior to radio urethrography for treatment planning.     

电子膀胱软镜在后尿道狭窄（闭锁）患者中的临床应用与价值

目的：探讨电子膀胱尿道软镜在后尿道狭窄（闭锁）患者的临床应用与价值,为手术治疗提供客观依据。方法：总结2009年7月~2010年12月收治98例后尿道狭窄（闭锁）患者的电子膀胱尿道软镜检查资料。结果：98例患者后尿道狭窄（闭锁）长度为1．5～7．0cm,术中发现尿道假道6例,尿道直肠瘘6例,后尿道结石患者19例,狭窄段接近前列腺者26例,后尿道完全闭锁者22例。结论：电子膀胱尿道软镜具有可弯曲,创伤小,无视野盲区,可以方便的观察患者后尿道的情况,为选择手术方式及手术中的具体操作提供可靠的依据。     

Imaging of urethral stricture disease

Accurate imaging of urethral strictures is critical for preoperative staging and planning of reconstruction. The current gold standard, retrograde urethrography (RUG), allows for accurate diagnosis, staging, and delineation of urethral strictures, and remains a cornerstone in the management of urethral stricture disease. In complex situations, the RUG can be combined with voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) in order to better visualize the posterior urethra or complex distraction defects. Direct visualization of the stricture by cystoscopy, either retrograde or antegrade, can provide additional information as to the location and appearance of stricture, as well as precise location on fluoroscopic imaging. Sonourethrography (SU) is a useful adjunct to allow for three-dimensional assessment of stricture length and location, and can be a useful intraoperative assessment tool, however, its use remains limited to a second-line setting. Cross-sectional imaging in the form of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance urethrography can provide additional three-dimensional information of anatomic structures and their relations, and can serve as a useful adjunct in complex clinical scenarios.     

术前磁共振水成像在外伤性尿道狭窄的应用价值

目的探讨磁共振水成像(magnetic resonance hydrography,MRH)在术前复杂性外伤后尿道狭窄中的应用价值。方法 2003年6月~2008年12月对25例外伤性尿道狭窄经尿道注入生理盐水,使用PHLIPS1.5TMRI机器,先常规磁共振(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)检查,采用自旋回波技术序列矢状位、冠状位、横断位T1WI、T2WI扫描成像,再行MRH检查,经尿道注入生理盐水,采用快速自旋回波技术及脂肪抑制技术行重T2WI成像。所有病例常规X线尿道造影,并外科手术评估。结果 MRH和X线尿道造影显示狭窄部位的定位准确率分别为96.0%(24/25)、92.0%(23/25),无统计学差异(χ2=0.350,P=0.552);狭窄长度分别为(1.92±0.90)cm、(1.53±0.67)cm,与手术测值(1.98±0.91)cm无统计学差异(t=0.235,P=0.815;t=2.008,P=0.051);22例MRH显示瘢痕范围(0.86±0.57)cm,与手术测值(0.98±0.59)cm无统计学差异(t=0.714,P=0.479),X线尿道造影未能显示瘢痕。结论 MRH是安全、有效的非侵袭性影像检查方法,结合常规MRI对尿道狭窄可获得很好的定位及定性诊断价值,并提供更全面的瘢痕病变信息。     

Sonographic staging of anterior urethral strictures

PURPOSE: Although radiographic retrograde urethrography has traditionally been the gold standard for imaging the anterior urethra, sonourethrography has proved to be precise and effective for evaluating urethral strictures. We review the evolution of sonourethrography and demonstrate its practical contemporary applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed literature reviews on MEDLINE and chart reviews of our patient records from 1988 to 1998. RESULTS: Sonourethrography measures stricture length in the bulbar urethra more accurately than conventional retrograde urethrography. Spongiofibrosis is manifested sonographically by a lack of urethral distensibility during retrograde instillation of saline solution. Posterior shadowing is noted in severe posttraumatic cases. Sonographic staging before treatment of complex or reoperative anterior strictures elucidates complicating features, such as calculi, urethral hair, false passage and stent encrustation. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographic staging of anterior urethral strictures offers clinically important information that may be useful in guiding reconstructive therapy.     

One-stage urethroplasty for bulbomembranous urethral strictures

Summary A total of 23 patients with bulbomembranous urethral strictures (16 after pelvic fractures, 4 following direct perineal trauma, 3 after catheter drainage) were treated with a perineal one-stage anastomotic urethroplasty. The length of the stricture did not exceed 2 cm. The overall final success rate amounted to 95.6%. The one-stage perineal approach is recommended for short strictures of up to 2 cm in length, if mobilization of the distal urethra is possible and the periurethral scar tissue can be resected.     

Magnetic resonance urethrography in comparison to retrograde urethrography in diagnosis of male urethral strictures: is it clinically relevant?

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical relevance of retrograde urethrography (RUG) and magnetic resonance (MR) urethrography in evaluating male urethral strictures. METHODS: Between January and April 2004, 20 men were referred to our institute for management of urethral strictures. The patients were investigated by conventional RUG and multiformat MR urethrography. The patients were examined by urethroscopy under anesthesia to be followed by definitive endoscopic or open operative intervention. The radiologic data were compared by endoscopic as well as operative findings in all the patients. RESULTS: Ten patients were managed by visual internal urethrotomy (VIU) and two by dilatation under anesthesia; two showed normal urethral caliber. Four patients required open urethral reconstructive procedures. Two patients underwent radical cystectomy and cutaneous diversion because of associated bladder or urethral malignancy. Although overall accuracy for diagnosis of urethral strictures was equal between both modalities (85%), MR urethrography provided extra clinical data in seven patients (35%). It was superior to RUG in judging the urethral stricture length in three patients, diagnosing a urethral tumor in one, detecting associated bladder mass in one, characterizing the site of urethra-rectal fistula in one, and accurately delineating the proximal urethra in the last patient. Unlike RUG, MR urethrography provided adequate information about the degree of spongiofibrosis in all patients. CONCLUSION: MR urethrography is a promising tool for defining male urethral strictures and can provide extra guidance for treatment planning that cannot be obtained with RUG.     

游离黏膜尿道成形治疗硬化性苔藓样病所致尿道狭窄的疗效观察

目的 提高对硬化性苔藓样病( lichen sclerosus,LS)导致尿道狭窄的认识,观察游离黏膜尿道成形治疗LS所致尿道狭窄的疗效. 方法 2007年1月-2010年12月收治LS所致前尿道狭窄患者36例,年龄27～75岁,平均41岁.尿道狭窄段长5.0 ～20.0 cm,平均11.5 cm.根据尿道狭窄段长短和严重程度选择不同的黏膜组织,其中行口腔内黏膜(舌、颊黏膜)尿道成形27例,结肠黏膜尿道成形8例,另1例老年患者行前尿道劈开.在行尿道重建术前对病变累及的阴茎头、尿道口、尿道行病理学检查. 结果 36例患者术后3周拔除导尿管,排尿通畅;活检结果提示上皮基底部特征性病变,过度角化,上皮层变薄,淋巴细胞浸润等.术后随访6 ～ 50个月,平均22个月.出现尿道外口狭窄3例(8.3％),其中口腔内黏膜尿道成形者2例,结肠黏膜重建尿道者1例,行尿道外口切开后排尿通畅.余患者术后排尿通畅,最大尿流率17.2～47.0 ml/s,平均23.4 ml/s. 结论 采用游离黏膜尿道成形治疗LS所致尿道狭窄疗效较好,但需密切随访,因病变迁延可致尿道再狭窄,尤其是尿道口再狭窄.