High-resolution endoscopy plus chromoendoscopy or narrow-band imaging in Barrett's esophagus: a prospective randomized crossover study

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: High-resolution endoscopy (HRE) may improve the detection of early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Indigo carmine chromoendoscopy (ICC) and narrow-band imaging (NBI) may be useful techniques to complement HRE. The aim of this study was to compare HRE-ICC with HRE-NBI for the detection of high-grade dysplasia or early cancer (HGD/EC) in patients with Barrett's esophagus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with Barrett's esophagus underwent HRE-ICC and HRE-NBI (separated by 6 - 8 weeks) in a randomized sequence. The two procedures were performed by two different endoscopists, who were blinded to the findings of the other examination. Targeted biopsies were taken from all detected lesions, followed by four-quadrant biopsies at 2-cm intervals. Biopsy evaluation was supervised by a single expert pathologist, who was blinded to the imaging technique used. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were diagnosed with HGD/EC. The sensitivity for HGD/EC was 93 % and 86 % for HRE-ICC and HRE-NBI, respectively. Targeted biopsies had a sensitivity of 79 % with HRE alone. HGD was diagnosed from random biopsies alone in only one patient. ICC and NBI detected a limited number of additional lesions occult to HRE, but these lesions did not alter the sensitivity for identifying patients with HGD/EC. CONCLUSIONS: In most patients with high-grade dysplasia or early cancer in Barrett's esophagus, subtle lesions can be identified with high-resolution endoscopy. Indigo carmine chromoendoscopy and narrow-band imaging are comparable as adjuncts to high-resolution endoscopy.     

自体荧光联合窄带成像技术对 Barrett 食管上皮内瘤变的诊断价值

目的：评价自体荧光（AFI）联合窄带成像（NBI）技术对 Barrett食管上皮内瘤变的诊断价值。方法对50例患者自体荧光内镜诊断Barrett的74个可疑上皮内瘤变的病灶,进一步行窄带成像检查,观察黏膜微血管及小凹的改变,并于相应病变区取活检送病理检查。结果在AFI诊断74例可疑病灶中共有44例病灶病理确诊为高级别上皮内瘤变（HGIN）,30例病灶为假阳性。NBI对这44例病灶HGIN的诊断：确诊39例,可疑5例;在30例HGIN假阳性的病灶中,NBI假阳性为7例。两者的假阳性率由40.5%减少至14.9%。自体荧光内镜对Barrett食管HGIN诊断的阳性预测值为59.5%（44/74）,AFI联合NBI技术后诊断的阳性预测值为84.8%（39/46）。结论自体荧光联合NBI技术可提高Barrett食管高级别上皮内瘤变的检出率。     

Narrow-band imaging: potential and limitations

The purpose of introducing optical electronics into video endoscopes is to improve the accuracy of diagnosis through image processing and digital technology. Narrow-band imaging (NBI), one of the most recent techniques, involves the use of interference filters to illuminate the target in narrowed red, green and blue (R/G/B) bands of the spectrum. This results in different images at distinct levels of the mucosa and increases the contrast between the epithelial surface and the subjacent vascular network. NBI can be combined with magnifying endoscopy with an optical zoom. The aim of this new technique is to characterize the surface of the distinct types of gastrointestinal epithelia - e. g., intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus. The technique may also make it possible to demonstrate disorganization of the vascular pattern in inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal mucosa and in superficial neoplastic lesions in the esophagus, stomach, and large bowel.     

Clinical application of magnification endoscopy and narrow-band imaging in the upper gastrointestinal tract: new imaging techniques for detecting and characterizing gastrointestinal neoplasia

This article introduces one of the most advanced endoscopy imaging techniques, magnification endoscopy with narrow-band imaging. This technique can clearly visualize the microvascular (MV) architecture and microsurface (MS) structure. The application of this technique is quite useful for characterizing the mucosal neoplasia in the hypopharynx, oropharynx, esophagus, and stomach. The key characteristic findings for early carcinomatous lesions are an irregular MV pattern or irregular MS pattern as visualized by this technique. Such a diagnostic system could be applied to the early detection of mucosal neoplasia throughout the upper gastrointestinal tract.     

Barrett's adenocarcinoma

Esophageal adenocarcinoma has seen a rapid increase in incidence throughout the Western world. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is an important risk factor for this cancer that develops in patients with Barrett's esophagus, but infection with Helicobacter pylori may reduce the risk. The diagnosis of Barrett's adenocarcinoma is often at an advanced stage and is generally associated with a poor prognosis. Several innovative techniques (eg, chromoendoscopy, magnifying endoscopy, and narrow-band imaging) have recently been developed to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Although surgical resection has been a mainstream treatment for advanced cancer, endoscopic submucosal dissection is becoming a promising treatment procedure for mucosal cancer. Surveillance, endoscopic ablative therapies, chemoprevention, and anti-reflux surgery have been developed for cancer prevention, but are of unproven value. Further evaluation is warranted to define the optimal method and standardize the procedures for diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus.     

内镜窄带成像技术结合放大内镜在鉴别结直肠病变中的作用及其学习曲线

目的探讨内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)在诊断结直肠病变中的作用。明确NBI在实际操作中的学习曲线,为开展该技术的临床医师提供指导。方法回顾性分析2015年6月-2016年6月该院内镜中心4位医师行NBI结合放大内镜检查并发现结直肠病变的289例患者临床资料,所有病变经活检、内镜下治疗或手术后行病理组织学检查,并与佐野分型对照。根据NBI结合放大内镜分为3组,这3组包括可以通过内镜治疗(目标病变)的病变和不能通过内镜治疗(非目标病变)的病变。每位医师检查的目标或非目标病变均达到15例为1组。通过评估4名医师对每组病变的诊断准确性,绘制NBI结合放大内镜检查技术的相关学习曲线。结果在289例患者的结肠镜检查中共发现372处病变,NBI结合放大内镜使用佐野分型在鉴别肿瘤和非肿瘤性病变的准确率为95.1%、敏感性为98.0%、特异性为92.0%。对于目标及非目标病变的诊断准确率第2组相比第1组均有明显提高[分别为81.7%vs 95.1%(P=0.010)和71.7%vs 93.4%(P=0.000)];第2组与第3组病变之间的诊断准确率的差异无统计学意义(P=0.984及P=0.117)。结论 NBI结合放大内镜是诊断结直肠病变的有效工具。对于无NBI经验的医师在完成较短的训练计划和一定(对目标及非目标病变各15例)的临床实践后基本掌握其诊断方法,并获得有效、稳定的诊断准确率。     

放大内镜结合窄带成像对早期食管癌诊断的临床意义

目的 探讨放大内镜结合窄带成像（magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging,ME NBI）及镜下分型对诊断早期食管癌的临床意义。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年1月于郑州大学第二附属医院消化内科病区住院且符合纳入标准的早期食管癌及癌前病变患者79例,观察符合纳入标准患者的年龄、性别、病变部位、内镜下形态分型、ME和ME NBI的微结构和微细血管形态、内镜下诊断结果和病理诊断结果。结果 ME NBI对食管病变部位、微结构和微血管形态的观察比普通内镜更有优势(P<0.01)。运用KAPPA一致性检验判断内镜下诊断与术后病理诊断关系,KAPPA系数为0.47,提示内镜下诊断与术后病理结果有良好的一致性。结论 ME NBI及其井上分型对早期食管肿瘤性疾病有良好的预测价值,其内镜下诊断与术后病理结果有较好的一致性。     

窄带成像与放大染色技术在诊断胃癌及癌前病变中的对比研究

目的应用窄带成像技术（NBI）和放大染色技术对胃可疑病变处进行观察,比较两种技术在诊断胃癌及癌前病变中的差异。方法选取2008年10月至12月进行放大胃镜检查患者中胃小凹分型为Ⅲ型以上的40例患者作为研究对象,对可疑病变处依次进行放大胃镜、NBI放大胃镜和放大染色胃镜观察,对三者图像的清晰度、胃小凹分型评价情况以及胃癌和癌前病变诊断情况进行比较。结果在这40例患者中,NBI放大胃镜下观察病变清晰度明显高于放大胃镜下和放大染色胃镜下（P〈0．05）;NBI放大胃镜与放大染色胃镜在胃小凹分型的评价方面,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;NBI放大胃镜对胃癌及癌前病变诊断的准确性、敏感性、特异性与放大染色胃镜比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论NBI通过对胃小凹形态改变的观察,从而发现可疑病变,精确引导活检,有助于提高胃癌及癌前病变的检出率。     

Narrow-band imaging in the diagnosis of colorectal mucosal lesions: a pilot study

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: A newly developed narrow-band imaging (NBI) technique, in which modified optical filters were used in the light source of a video endoscope system, was applied during colonoscopy in a clinical setting. This pilot study evaluated the clinical feasibility of the NBI system for evaluating colorectal lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 43 colorectal lesions in 34 patients were included in the study. The quality of visualization of colorectal lesions and the accuracy of differentiation between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions using the NBI system were evaluated in comparison with results from conventional colonoscopy and with chromoendoscopy. RESULTS: For pit pattern delineation, NBI was superior to conventional endoscopy (P < 0.001), but inferior to chromoendoscopy (P < 0.05). NBI achieved better visualization of the mucosal vascular network and of the hue of lesions than conventional endoscopy (P < 0.05). However there was no significant difference between NBI and chromoendoscopy in differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions (both techniques had a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity 75 %). This was better than the results of conventional colonoscopy (sensitivity 83 %, specificity 44 %; P < 0.05 for specificity). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that in the examination of colonic lesions the NBI system provides imaging features additional to those of both conventional endoscopy and chromoendoscopy. For distinguishing neoplasms from non-neoplastic lesions, NBI was equivalent to chromoendoscopy.     

窄带成像内镜下活检术对扁桃体癌早期诊断的价值评估

目的探讨窄带成像内镜(NBI)下活检术在扁桃体癌早期诊断中的应用价值。方法选取2013年2月-2019年2月该科就诊的220例扁桃体病变患者。其中,手术治疗扁桃体肥大患者120例(Ⅱ度肥大患者80例,Ⅲ度肥大患者40例,均为单侧病变):60例行NBI下活检术,60例行常规活检术;扁桃体癌早期患者100例(均为单侧病变):50例行NBI下活检术,另50例行常规活检术。220例患者均经病理确诊。比较两种方法的灵敏度、特异度、诊断符合率、约登指数、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果 NBI下活检和常规活检的灵敏度分别为98.00%和84.00%、特异度分别为100.00%和100.00%、诊断符合率分别为99.09%和92.73%、约登指数分别为98.00%和84.00%。NBI下活检和常规活检阳性预测值为100.00%和100.00%;NBI下活检和常规活检阴性预测值为98.36%和88.24%,两种检测方法的早期扁桃体癌诊断准确率比较,差异有统计学意义(2=5.98,P=0.016)。结论 NBI下活检术对扁桃体癌早期诊断具有较高的灵敏度、特异度、阴性预测值;具有快速、准确的优点,可用于扁桃体癌的筛查和早期诊断。     

Autofluorescence endoscopy in surveillance of Barrett's esophagus: a multicenter randomized trial on diagnostic efficacy

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The reference surveillance method in patients with Barrett's esophagus is careful endoscopic observation, with targeted as well as random four-quadrant biopsies. Autofluorescence endoscopy (AFE) may make it easier to locate neoplasia. The aim of this study was to elucidate the diagnostic accuracy of surveillance with AFE-guided plus four-quadrant biopsies in comparison with the conventional approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 187 of 200 consecutive Barrett's esophagus patients who were initially enrolled (73 % male, mean age 67 years, mean Barrett's segment length 4.6 cm), who underwent endoscopy for Barrett's esophagus in four study centers, were randomly assigned to undergo either AFE-targeted biopsy followed by four-quadrant biopsies or conventional endoscopic surveillance, also including four-quadrant biopsies (study phase 1). After exclusion of patients with early cancer or high-grade dysplasia, who underwent endoscopic or surgical treatment, as well as those who declined to participate in phase 2 of the study, 130 patients remained. These patients were examined again with the alternative method after a mean of 10 weeks, using the same methods described. The main study parameter was the detection of early cancer/adenocarcinoma or high-grade dysplasia (HGD), comparing both approaches in study phase 1; the secondary study aim in phase 2 was to assess the additional value of the AFE-guided approach after conventional surveillance, and vice versa. Test accuracy measures were derived from study phase 1. RESULTS: In study phase 1, the AFE and conventional approaches yielded adenocarcinoma/HGD rates of 12 % and 5.3 %, respectively, on a per-patient basis. With AFE, four previously unrecognized adenocarcinoma/HGD lesions were identified (4.3 % of the patients); with the conventional approach, one new lesion (1.1 %) was identified. Of the 19 adenocarcinoma/HGD lesions detected during AFE endoscopy in study phase 1, eight were visualized, while 11 were only detected using untargeted four-quadrant biopsies (sensitivity 42 %). Of the 766 biopsies classified at histology as being nonneoplastic, 58 appeared suspicious (specificity 92 %, positive predictive value 12 %, negative predictive value 98.5 %). In study phase 2, AFE detected two further lesions in addition to the initial alternative approach in 3.2 % of cases, in comparison with one lesion with conventional endoscopy (1.7 %). CONCLUSIONS: In this referral Barrett's esophagus population with a higher prevalence of neoplastic lesions, the AFE-guided approach improved the diagnostic yield for neoplasia in comparison with the conventional approach using four-quadrant biopsies. However, AFE alone was not suitable for replacing the standard four-quadrant biopsy protocol.     

Defining the endoscopic appearances of tylosis using conventional and narrow-band imaging: a case series

Tylosis is an autosomal dominant skin disorder strongly associated with esophageal squamous cell cancer. We present a single-operator experience of utilizing conventional endoscopy and narrow-band imaging with magnification to characterize esophageal appearances in tylosis. Nineteen consecutive patients with tylosis attending for surveillance endoscopy were studied. White-light imaging (WLI) and narrow-band imaging (NBI) were undertaken, with magnification being performed as necessary. On WLI, we classified 12 patients as having mild change, 5 moderate change, and 2 severe change. WLI can define changes to the esophageal mucosa of variable hyperkeratosis and identify more significant focal abnormalities. NBI enhances these mucosal changes, and NBI with magnification can demonstrate intrapapillary capillary loop changes compatible with dysplasia, prompting consideration of surgery. This report is the first to characterize the endoscopic appearances in tylosis.     

Observer agreement in the assessment of narrowband imaging system surface patterns in Barrett's esophagus: a multicenter study

Background and study aims: The clinical utility of narrow-band imaging (NBI) for Barrett's esophagus is limited by the multiplicity of classification schemes. We evaluated the interobserver agreement and accuracy of a new consensus-driven simplified binary classification of NBI surface patterns.     

Latest developments in the endoscopic management of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus: an overview of the year's literature

The development of endoscopic techniques for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease has come to an abrupt halt after some of the most widely disseminated and best evaluated techniques were withdrawn from the market. This underlines the importance of conducting high-quality endoscopic research before techniques are adopted in routine practice. The endoscopic surveillance of patients with Barrett's esophagus needs to be improved in order to be cost-effective. Alternative techniques for tissue sampling are being explored (e. g., brush cytology, imaging cytometry), as well as the use of molecular markers, to select patients who are at risk and to improve compliance by patients. New endoscopic imaging techniques (such as autofluorescence endoscopy) may improve the detection of early neoplasia in those Barrett's patients who are at risk for malignant degeneration. Subsequent endoscopic treatment should primarily consist of an endoscopic resection technique with restricted use of ablative therapies. Future studies should focus on the development of endoscopic resection techniques that allow en-bloc resection of Barrett's lesions, stepwise complete resection of the whole Barrett's segment, and/or easier and safer tissue ablation. Finally, histopathological studies are needed in order to detect risk factors for an adverse outcome after endoscopic treatment for early neoplasia in Barrett's patients.     

内镜窄带成像技术对早期胃癌及癌前病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨内镜窄带成像技术对早期胃癌及癌前病变的诊断价值.方法 应用普通胃镜对172例患者行常规内镜检查,采用窄带成像联合放大内镜对黏膜有可疑病变的区域进行靛胭脂染色并放大观察,分别在病变活动区域取活检标本行病理组织学检查并对其结果进行比较分析.结果 在观察病变轮廓方面,内镜窄带成像技术与染色内镜或普通内镜之间差异均有统计学意义,内镜窄带成像技术最清晰,尤其是对于局灶性浅表性病变的观察;对于胃小凹的形态观察,内镜窄带成像技术或染色内镜均优于普通内镜;在对胃黏膜微血管的观察中,内镜窄带成像技术具有绝对优势.172例中发现早期胃癌4例,重度异型增生3例,中度异型增生7例,轻度异型增生15例.可在内镜窄带成像技术模式下观察到6种胃小凹形态类型,早期胃癌主要表现为Ⅵ型,异型增生主要表现为V型及Ⅳ型.内镜窄带成像技术放大内镜下2例早期胃癌患者呈现新生或粗大血管,在其中1例显现螺旋形毛细血管.结论 内镜窄带成像技术操作简单、安全,能够较为清晰地发现癌前病变、早期胃癌的病灶,使活检病理检查阳性率明显提高,对胃癌的早期发现、早期诊断、及时治疗具有重要的临床意义.     

窄带成像技术下浅表型鼻咽癌黏膜表面微血管形态特点及临床价值

目的探讨窄带成像技术(NBI)下浅表型鼻咽癌(NPC)黏膜表面微血管形态特点及其临床价值。方法对2015年1月-2016年1月该院内窥镜室行鼻咽镜常规检查或NPC放疗后复查鼻咽镜时白光镜下观察未发现明确病灶或仅为浅表型病灶的182例患者行NBI模式鼻咽镜检查,观察鼻咽部黏膜及病灶黏膜表面微血管形态特点及分布情况,结合病理结果,分析NBI下鼻咽部不同性质浅表型病变黏膜表面微血管的形态改变特点。结果 NBI下NPC组黏膜表面微血管多为密集增粗棕色窦点状(CBS)血管,占38.24%,不规则增粗树枝状血管(IDBV)占41.18%,病灶多有清晰边界(DL)占52.94%。其中,首诊NPC组多为IDBV(57.89%,P=0.000),放疗后NPC组多为CBS血管(60.00%,P=0.000)。NBI对NPC诊断的敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值及诊断符合率分别为79.41%、95.95%、81.82%、95.30%和92.86%。结论 NBI下可观察到浅表型NPC黏膜表面微血管形态有特异性改变,对该类NPC有较高的诊断价值,从而有助于提高内镜对NPC早期病灶诊断的敏感性。     

放大内镜联合窄带成像在胃部早期肿瘤性病变患者中的应用效果

目的探讨放大内镜联合窄带成像(ME-NBI)在胃部早期肿瘤性病变患者中的应用效果。方法选取2013年1月-2016年6月于该院消化内镜中心行内镜检查的151例可疑胃早癌患者为研究对象,所有患者先行普通白光内镜(WLE)检查,然后行ME-NBI检查和靶向活检,重点测量腺管间质距离(以下简称腺间距),根据病理结果分为早癌组[高级别上皮内瘤变(HGIN)、黏膜内癌、黏膜下癌,n=72]和非早癌组[低级别上皮内瘤变(LGIN),n=79]。比较两组的基线资料和ME-NBI征象,采用受试者工作曲线下面积(AUC)来评价其对胃早癌的诊断价值。结果早癌组的边界线、不规则的黏膜微血管、不规则的表面腺管和腺间距升高的发生率明显高于非早癌组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。ME-NBI对胃早癌的AUC为0.947,高于WLE的0.832,具有较高的诊断价值,其灵敏度(Se)、特异度(Sp)、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)和Youden指数分别为97.2%、84.8%、85.4%、97.1%和0.820。腺间距对胃早癌的AUC为0.907,高于传统微血管纹理与表面结构(VS)分型的0.889,且VS分型与腺间距进行联合诊断的AUC达到0.933,其Se、Sp、PPV、NPV和Youden指数分别为95.8%、83.5%、84.1%、95.7%和0.794。结论 ME-NBI是胃早癌的重要诊断方法,腺间距具有客观性强、简便易行和可重复性好的优点,能辅助传统VS分型来判断病变性质。     

Diagnosis of esophagogastric tumors

With regard to esophageal tumors, important reports on several topics have been published recently. 1) The place of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) as the best locoregional staging technique for cancer of the esophagus has been further consolidated. The addition of fine-needle aspiration makes EUS more sensitive than computed tomography (CT) and more accurate than CT or EUS alone for nodal staging. 2) High-resolution endoscopy with chromoendoscopy has been found to be very effective for mucosal lesions, but not for submucosal lesions. In combination with EUS, the sensitivity for submucosal tumors increases up to 60 %. 3) Autofluorescence-guided biopsy has been reported to be a good tool for detecting high-grade dysplasia. A narrow-band imaging system improved the overall accuracy for depth of invasion. 4) The incidence of hypopharyngeal cancer increases after resection for esophageal carcinoma. Patients with a scattered staining pattern after application of Lugol's solution are more prone to develop upper lesions. 5) Fluorescence imaging makes it possible to detect low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in Barrett's mucosa, with fewer biopsies. 6) Patients with Barrett's esophagus with a length of over 3 cm had a significantly greater prevalence of dysplasia in comparison with those in the whom the Barrett's segment was shorter than 3 cm (23 % vs. 9 %, P = 0.0001). With regard to gastric tumors, 1) Helicobacter pylori eradication can significantly reduce the development of gastric cancer, but only in patients without precancerous lesions. 2) Intestinal metaplasia types II and III have been shown to have a higher rate of progression to low-grade dysplasia than type I. 3) With regard to screening in asymptomatic individuals, serum pepsinogen may represent an alternative to conventional fluoroscopy methods. 4) In patients who have undergone esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, annual follow-up endoscopies are vital for detecting early secondary gastric cancer and ulcerations in which curative treatment is possible. 5) High-resolution endoscopy allows more precise diagnosis of early gastric cancer. The presence of irregular minute vessels and variations in vessel caliber were found to be specific of early gastric cancer. The small regular pattern of sulci and ridges was observed significantly more frequently in differentiated carcinoma than in undifferentiated carcinoma. 6) Infrared-ray electronic endoscopy combined with indocyanine green injection appears to be effective in detecting sentinel nodes that contain metastases in patients with gastric cancer. 7) Gastric adenocarcinoma was found to show specific changes in the fluorescence spectra emitted, in comparison with normal gastric mucosa. However, there was wide variation in the emitted autofluorescence spectra in gastric cancer with signet-ring cells in comparison with normal mucosa.     

Clinical applicability of gastroscopy with narrow-band imaging for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori gastritis,precancerous gastric lesion,and neoplasia

Premalignant gastric lesions such as atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia frequently occur in subjects with long-term Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC) is seen in the normal gastric corpus, whereas mucosal swelling and redness without RAC are observed in H. pylori-infected mucosa. Despite successful H. pylori eradication, the presence of atrophic gastritis and/or gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is a risk factor for gastric cancer. With the development of advanced imaging technologies, recent studies have reported the usefulness of narrow-band imaging (NBI) for endoscopic diagnosis of atrophic gastritis and GIM. Using NBI endoscopy with magnification (M-NBI), atrophic gastritis is presented as irregular coiled microvessels and loss of gastric pits. Typical M-NBI endoscopic findings of GIM are a light blue crest and a white opaque substance. Based on the microvascular patterns, fine network, core vascular, and unclear patterns are useful for predicting gastric dysplasia in polypoid lesions. For diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC), a systematic classification using M-NBI endoscopy has been proposed on the basis of the presence of a demarcation line and an irregular microvascular/microsurface pattern. Furthermore, M-NBI endoscopy has been found to be more accurate for determining the horizontal margin of EGC compared to conventional endoscopy. In this review, we present up-to-date results on the clinical usefulness of gastroscopy with NBI for the diagnosis of H. pylori gastritis, precancerous gastric lesion, and neoplasia.     

窄带成像内镜对咽喉部位肿瘤患者活检中的应用价值

目的探讨窄带成像内镜(NBI)对咽喉部位肿瘤患者活检中的应用价值,为咽喉部位肿瘤的鉴别诊断提供参考。方法共纳入100例怀疑咽喉部位恶性肿瘤的患者作为研究对象,均在普通白光及NBI内镜条件下进行活检,并以最终病理结果为金标准,评价两种检查方法的应用价值。结果 100例怀疑咽喉部位恶性肿瘤患者中,最终病理确诊恶性56例,占56.0%,良性病变44例,占44.0%。普通白光活检正确率60.0%明显低于NBI内镜活检正确率75.0%,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。NBI内镜敏感度为89.3%,特异度为63.6%均明显高于普通白光敏感度为75.0%,特异度为40.9%,比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.90,4.56,P=0.048,0.033)。结论 NBI内镜下咽喉部肿瘤为边界清晰的棕色斑点或条索状,活检中选取上述部位可提高恶性肿瘤的诊断敏感度、特异度及正确率。