三种类型视网膜大动脉瘤的眼底影像学特征分析

目的　分析三种类型视网膜大动脉瘤的眼底影像学特征，为选择适合的检查方法提供参考。方法　回顾性分析2010年2月至2018年12月在我院确诊的52例52眼视网膜大动脉瘤患者的临床资料，所有患者均行彩色眼底照相、荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA）检查，6例同时行光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography，OCT）检查，9例同时行吲哚青绿血管造影（indocyanine green angiography，ICGA）检查。依据眼底表现将视网膜大动脉瘤分为出血型、渗出型和静止型，分析三种类型视网膜大动脉瘤的眼底影像学特征。结果　彩色眼底照相示，52眼中51眼位于颞侧动脉支， 1眼位于鼻侧动脉支。FFA显示，出血型32眼瘤体合并周围出血，渗出型13眼瘤体合并周围小血管渗漏，静止型7眼（包括彩色眼底照相误判为渗出型的6眼）瘤体内动脉管壁接近正常。6眼行OCT检查者均为出血型视网膜大动脉瘤，瘤体腔壁在视网膜浅层呈环形强反射。9眼行ICGA者视网膜大动脉瘤瘤体均显影，包括未被FFA发现的出血型3眼。结论　彩色眼底照相拟诊出血型视网膜大动脉瘤的患者可选择OCT和ICGA检查确诊，拟诊渗出型和静止型视网膜大动脉瘤的患者可选择OCT和FFA检查确诊。     

视网膜大动脉瘤的多模态眼底影像和疾病 特征

目的：分析视网膜大动脉瘤（RAM）的多模态眼底影像学特点及疾病特征。方法：回顾性研究。连续 纳入2003年5月至2020年1月在北京协和医院眼科确诊的RAM患者57例（58眼）。分析患者彩色眼底 照相、荧光素血管造影（FFA）、吲哚菁绿血管造影（ICGA）及光学相干断层扫描（OCT）的影像学特点， 并总结疾病特征。结果：纳入患者年龄为（69.0±9.3）岁，其中女性占75%，单眼发病患者占98%， 共发现瘤体65个。彩色眼底照示95%的瘤体位于颞侧动脉，32%位于动脉主干，29%位于视网膜动 脉分支处或动静脉交叉处。85%伴不同程度出血，86%伴硬性渗出。FFA的瘤体检出率为92%，动脉 期可呈圆点状或梭状强荧光，周围出血或硬性渗出遮蔽荧光，晚期荧光增强并出现渗漏。ICGA的瘤 体检出率为95%，可透过出血的遮蔽荧光见视网膜动脉壁上瘤体高荧光，造影晚期瘤体荧光仍较背 景荧光强。OCT的瘤体检出率为63%，可见RAM局部高隆起，病灶处可见圆形强反射瘤体腔壁。结论： RAM常见于老年女性。多模态影像学检查可从多角度显示RAM的瘤体形态、活动性以及伴随的出 血、渗出表现。其中，ICGA对于瘤体的检出率更高，显示RAM更为清晰。     

视网膜大动脉瘤的临床特征分析

目的观察视网膜大动脉瘤的临床特征。方法回顾性分析10例（10只眼）视网膜大动脉瘤的临床资料、眼底荧光血管造影（FFA）和吲哚青绿血管造影（ICGA）结果。结果10例患者中，6例通过眼底检查和FFA即可明确诊断，FFA表现为视网膜大动脉瘤处的局部性强荧光，周围有出血者则有遮蔽荧光环绕，4例FFA表现为视网膜出血遮挡荧光，瘤体显示不清，通过ICGA可见视网膜大动脉上一局灶性的强荧光。其中1例有玻璃体出血。结论视网膜大动脉瘤是视网膜动脉的病理性扩张，FFA检查对视网膜大动脉瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要意义。如视网膜出血较多时，FFA可能难以发现病灶，ICGA能清楚显示视网膜大动脉病损和动脉壁相连，有助于明确诊断。有些视网膜大动脉瘤患者未治疗视力预后亦好，如果视网膜大动脉瘤出血累及黄斑，或导致玻璃体出血，视功能会受到严重损害，应及早光凝治疗。     

视网膜大动脉瘤的多模式影像学特征及并发症观察

目的　观察视网膜大动脉瘤的多模式影像学特征及并发症。方法　回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年11月在我院确诊为视网膜大动脉瘤的临床病例资料。所有患者均行常规的眼部检查和眼底影像学检查,包括眼底彩照、频域光学相干断层扫描（spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,SD-OCT）、荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA）和（或）吲哚菁绿血管造影（indocyanine green angiography,ICGA）检查。分析其眼底影像学特征,观察并发症情况。结果　39例患者纳入本研究,均为单眼发病。男7例（17.95%）,女32例（82.05%）,年龄53~86(71.33±9.06)岁。有高血压病史者30例（76.92%）。除1例为双瘤体外,其余均为单瘤体。所有患者均完成了眼底彩色照相和SD-OCT检查,38例完成FFA检查,8例完成ICGA检查。各项检查发现大动脉瘤体的情况:眼底彩色照相32例（82.05%）,SD-OCT检查31例（79.49%）,FFA检查32例（84.21%）,ICGA检查8例（100.00%）。39例患者中,9例并发了不同程度的玻璃体积血,1例并发视网膜分支动脉阻塞,1例并发视网膜分支动脉阻塞和分支静脉阻塞。结论　眼底彩色照相、SD-OCT检查联合FFA检查可对大部分视网膜大动脉瘤进行明确诊断,ICGA检查可作为一项重要的补充检查手段。视网膜大动脉瘤可合并视网膜分支动脉或分支静脉阻塞,应引起临床重视。     

视网膜大动脉瘤12例临床分析

目的 观察视网膜大动脉瘤的临床特征及视网膜激光光凝对其治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析12例(12眼)视网膜大动脉瘤患者的临床资料,包括视力、眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)结果.结果 12例患者中,初诊视力平均0.42,眼底出血均伴有黄白色渗出,10例通过FFA确诊,表现为动脉扩张伴管壁荧光渗漏,周围深层出血遮蔽荧光,中期管壁渗漏不断增强,后期呈强荧光团,管壁毛边状;2例通过吲哚青绿血管造影确诊,显示视网膜大动脉病损和动脉壁相连;8例行视网膜光凝治疗后3个月FFA未见异常.结论 视网膜大动脉瘤通过眼底观察和眼底血管造影可明确诊断,视网膜激光光凝治疗安全、有效.     

视网膜静脉阻塞眼底荧光素和吲哚菁绿同步血管造影的对比研究

目的 明确吲哚菁绿眼底血管造影（ICGA）在检查视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）中的临床应用价值。方法 使用海德堡共焦激光扫描检眼镜（HRA），对82例RVO患者进行同步的眼底荧光血管造影（FFA）和ICGA检查。结果 （1）182例RVO在ICGA的全过程中均可清晰地看到视网膜血管充盈情况，14例因出血较多FFA中看不清血管充盈情况。（2）64例ICGA可见阻塞区视网膜毛细血管呈瘤状扩张，其中有12例因出血较多FFA中看不清。（3）分枝静脉阻塞病例，ICGA比FFA更清楚地观察到动静脉交叉压迫情况，有6例在阻塞点静脉内可见到栓子存在。（4）FFA有2例，ICGA有8例可见到脉络膜血管扩张，2例可见脉络膜充盈缺损。结论 将ICGA与FFA结合用于RVO检查比单纯FFA能为临床提供更多的信息。     

脉络膜转移癌荧光素及吲哚青绿血管造影的影像分析

目的了解脉络膜转移癌共焦激光扫描检眼镜同步荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）、吲哚青绿血管造影（ICGA）影像特点,为该疾病的准确诊断提供依据。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象明确原发灶的脉络膜转移癌患者12例（17眼）。方法经临床诊断、有明确原发恶性肿瘤病灶的患者12例（17眼）,散大瞳孔后拍摄彩色眼底像,用海德堡共焦激光扫描检眼镜进行FFA及ICGA同步造影,观察两种影像学检查的异同。主要指标FFA及ICGA各期瘤体荧光表现及差异。结果FFA早期16眼瘤体呈低荧光。ICGA早期17眼瘤体均为低荧光,且低荧光范围略大于FFA;11眼在瘤体边缘见异常脉络膜血管。FFA静脉期显示瘤体表面视网膜血管迂曲、毛细血管扩张及微血管瘤;中晚期渗漏明显,肿瘤边界模糊,色素斑块及出血表现为荧光遮蔽。ICGA中晚期,13眼瘤体边缘见斑驳淡荧光,4眼淡荧光位于瘤体中央,晚期瘤体轮廓较FFA清晰。对于1眼瘤体扁平、面积较小的病灶,ICGA可清晰显示,而FFA表现不典型。结论ICGA对确定肿瘤特别是小而扁平的瘤体的轮廓及脉络膜血管异常有优越性,FFA可显示肿瘤导致的视网膜血管及色素上皮改变。二者结合,有助于脉络膜转移癌的诊断。     

视网膜大动脉瘤的临床特点及激光治疗

目的 观察视网膜大动脉瘤的临床特点及激光治疗效果。方法 对18例18眼视网膜大动脉瘤患者进行荧光素眼底血管造影并进行激光治疗。结果 18例患者均为单眼、单个大动脉瘤，瘤体均位于颞侧，颞上支14眼，颞下支4眼；动脉瘤位于1级分支4例，2级分支13例，3级分支1例；12例患者1次激光治疗后复查FFA，8例动脉瘤消失，管壁恢复正常；2例瘤体远端动脉充盈迟缓。结论 荧光素眼底血管造影有助于视网膜大动脉瘤的诊断及疗效评估，激光光凝是安全有效的治疗方法。     

眼底血管造影对脉络膜黑色素瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨眼底血管造影(荧光素眼底血管造影,fundus fluorescein angiography, FFA和吲哚青绿血管造影,indocyanine green angiography,ICGA)对脉络膜黑色素瘤的诊断价值.方法对诊断为脉络膜黑色素瘤的32例32眼患者进行了FFA与ICGA检查,并对他们的图像进行观察、对比、分析.结果FFA图像中32例瘤体处均出现了小点状及斑驳状高荧光;发现瘤体内血管14例,占43.75%;FFA与ICGA同时发现瘤体内血管11例,占34.37%;FFA发现瘤体表面及周围视网膜脱离共20例,包括黄斑区浆液性视网膜脱离8例;视盘荧光染色21例.ICGA图像中发现瘤体内血管15例,占46.87%;瘤体内始终不显荧光者14例,早中期瘤体内不显荧光晚期仅见斑点状弱荧光者3例共17例,占53.12%;视盘荧光染色2例;视网膜脱离无FFA清晰.结论ICGA图像对脉络膜黑色素瘤的诊断特异性不是很大,对伴发于脉络膜黑色素瘤表面的视网膜病变不如FFA清晰.如能两者结合则更有诊断价值.     

病理性近视黄斑部脉络膜新生血管的OCT和FFA表现

目的分析病理性近视（PM）黄斑部脉络膜新生血管（CNV）的光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和眼底荧光素血管造影（FFA）的图像特征。设计临床病例研究。研究对象23例（25眼）伴有黄斑部CNV的PM患者。方法对上述患眼行OCT和FFA检查，对比分析结果。主要指标黄斑部CNV的OCT和FFA图像。结果OCT检查，18眼（72％）CNV呈纺锤形或类圆形团块状，呈强或中等强度反射，自视网膜色素上皮层向上突出，位于视网膜神经上皮层下；7眼（28％）CNV呈不规则增强紊乱的反射信号，位于视网膜色素上皮层平面。9眼伴视网膜色素上皮出血性脱离，6眼伴视网膜前膜形成，2眼伴黄斑裂孔形成，15眼伴不同程度的视网膜增厚和水肿。FFA检查中有19眼显示造影早期黄斑部的盘状或不规则荧光渗漏，6眼仅显示病灶处荧光遮蔽和／或透见荧光。结论PM黄斑部CNV的OCT图像以在色素上皮层增生的类圆形和纺锤形纤维血管膜为特征，其范围较局限，常伴有色素上皮层出血性脱离。     

Acute oculomotor nerve palsy in childhood. Is arteriography necessary?

In the past, angiography was performed in all patients as part of the initial workup for isolated oculomotor paralysis, except patients older than 40 years with pupillary sparing. The pupil-sparing group was not subjected to angiography because of a low probability of cerebral aneurysm. It is believed that the case reported here constitutes the lower age limit (14 years) for documented, isolated oculomotor paralysis due to aneurysm. It is recommended that an angiogram not be a necessary part of the workup of patients 10 years old or younger.     

Natural history of serous detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium.

Fifty eyes of 40 patients with serous (avascular) detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium were followed up for an average of 22 months. Of the 50 eyes, 14 (28%) developed bleeding beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and retina or subretinal neovascularization detected on fluorescein angiography. These changes did not occur in eyes of patients younger than age 56 years at diagnosis or in detachments less than 1 disk diameter in size, whereas 35.9% (14) of eyes in patients older than age 56 years developed vascular complications. Vascular complications were uncommon when the initial detachment did not involve the fovea. Visual acuity declined in only one (9.1%) of eyes in patients younger than age 56 years but in 20 (51.3%) of eyes in patients age 56 years or greater.     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变荧光素渗漏点的自身荧光改变

目的 观察中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)患者荧光渗漏点区域的眼底自身荧光(FAF)改变特点.方法 采用海德堡视网膜血管造影仪对CSC患者67例67只眼行荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查.其中,年龄≤45岁者47只眼,＞45岁者20只眼;急性CSC患者25只眼,慢性或复发性CSC 患者42只眼.使用488 nm波长激光采集FAF图像,观察荧光渗漏点区域的FAF改变特点.结果 67只眼中,FFA荧光渗漏点位置FAF无异常者35只眼,占52.2%;FAF呈点状弱荧光者16只眼,占23.9%;FAF呈小片状弱荧光或斑驳荧光者10只眼,占14.9%;FAF呈强荧光者6只眼,占9.0%.年龄≤45岁的47只眼中,FFA荧光渗漏点区域FAF无异常者26只眼,占55.3%;FAF呈点状弱荧光者11只眼,占23.4%;FAF呈小片状弱荧光或斑驳荧光者7只眼,占14.9%.FAF呈稍强荧光者3只眼,占6.3%.＞45岁的20只眼中,FFA荧光渗漏点位置FAF无异常者9只眼,占45.0%;FAF呈点状弱荧光者5只眼,占25.0%;FAF 呈片状弱荧光或斑驳荧光者3只眼,占15.0%,FAF呈强荧光者3只眼,占15.0%.急性CSC 25只眼中,FFA荧光渗漏点位置FAF无异常改变者20只眼,占80.0%;FAF呈点状弱荧光者4只眼,占16.O%FAF 呈小片状弱荧光或斑驳荧光者1只眼,占4.0%.慢性或复发性CSC 42只眼中,FFA荧光渗漏点区域无异常改变者15只眼,占35.7%;FAF呈点状弱荧光者12只眼,占28.6%;FAF呈小片状弱荧光或斑驳荧光者9只眼,占21.4%;FAF呈强荧光者6只眼,占14.3%.结论 不同年龄和病程的CSC患者FFA荧光渗漏点位置具有特征性的FAF改变.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the characteristics of fundus autofluorescence (AF) in the leakage site of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods Sixty-seven CSC patients (67 eyes)underwent fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) examination with a confocal scanning angiography (HRA2). Autofluorescence was elicited by the wavelength of 488 nm. The patterns of autofluorescence corresponding to the leakage site on FFA were observed. All the enrolled patients were grouped by age (age≤45 in 47 eyes and age ＞45 in 20 eyes) and courses (acute CSC in 25 eyes and chronic or recurrent CSC in 42 eyes). the patterns of autofluorescence were analyzed respectively. Results There are 4 patterns of AF in the leakage site on FFA of CSC patients: no AF changes, punctuate hypo-AF, expanded hypo-AF or speckled AF, hyper-AF. The percentages of those patterns in all 67 eyes are 52. 2%, 23. 9% , 14. 9% and 9.0% respectively. The percentages of those patterns in the group of age ≤45 (n=47) are 55.3%,23. 4% , 14. 9% and 6. 3% respectively. The percentages of those patterns in the group of age ＞45 (n=20)are 45. 0% , 25. 0% , 15. 0% and 15. 0% respectively. The percentages of those patterns in acute CSC (n=20) are 80.0%, 16.0%, 4.0% and 0% respectively. The percentages of those patterns in chronic or recurrent CSC (n=42) are 35.7%, 28.6%, 21.4% and 14.3% respectively. Conclusion There are different patterns of fundus autofluorescence in different age and courses of CSC patients.     

Clinical features and follow‐up results of pulsating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy treated with photodynamic therapy

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 660–668

Abstract.

Purpose: To report on the clinical course of pulsating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods: A total of 63 eyes of 58 consecutive patients diagnosed with PCV, treated with PDT and followed up for at least 6 months were enrolled. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fluorescein angiography and high‐speed indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRA) were performed. Results: Of the 63 PCV eyes, 14 eyes (22.2%) of 14 patients were classified as having pulsating PCV. The mean age of pulsating PCV patients was 60.6 ± 7.0 years (48–69 years), which was younger than non‐pulsating PCV patients (65.7 years, p = 0.035). The mean follow‐up period was 23.9 ± 10.7 months, and PDT was administered 1.6 ± 0.9 times to pulsating PCV patients. The mean logMAR BCVAs were 0.85 ± 0.47 at presentation and 0.71 ± 0.52 at final examination. Extensive haemorrhagic events were more common in pulsating than in non‐pulsating PCV patients (57.1% versus 26.5%, p = 0.032). However, the risk of haemorrhage within 3 months of PDT was similar for both pulsating PCV and the remaining patients (14.3% versus 20%, p = 0.723). Conclusion: Pulsating PCV showed distinctive features including a relatively younger patient age at presentation, and a haemorrhagic tendency (especially extensive). However, the use of PDT did not directly increase the risk of haemorrhage in pulsating PCV patients.     

视网膜大动脉瘤的临床特点及多波长氪离子激光治疗观察

目的 观察视网膜大动脉瘤(RAM)的临床特点及激光治疗效果。方法 回顾分析2015年1月~2018年12月在我院激光治疗的23例(23眼)RAM患者的临床资料。分析眼底彩照、荧光血管造影及激光治疗效果。结果 23例患者年龄33~86岁,平均(63.39±13.22)岁,<50岁4例(17.39%),>50岁19例(82.61%)。合并高血压病的患者16例(69.57%)。男性∶女性为8∶15。均为单眼发病。22例颞侧发病,其中15例为颞上方,7例为颞下方;1例鼻上方发病。22例为单发,1例为2个瘤体。视力:指数~0.6。对所有患者进行多波长氪离子激光治疗后3~6个月随访视力、眼底彩照,并复查荧光眼底血管造影,发现所有患者动脉瘤体均完全或部分萎缩、闭塞,渗出、出血逐渐吸收,视力提高18例、不变5例,无视力下降者,未出现瘤体破裂等并发症。激光治疗前后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)(LogMAR视力)分别为0.54±0.11、0.39±0.08,治疗后较治疗前有明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 RAM好发于老年女性,绝大多数单眼发病,多数为单发病灶,临床特点明确,荧光血管造影可明确诊断并进行随访。多波长氪离子激光治疗RAM安全有效。     

Inactive subretinal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration

Inactive subretinal new vessels (SRNVs), showing minimal leakage by fluorescein angiography and little progression, were observed in 15 eyes of 12 patients with age-related macular degeneration. In 8 (57%) of 14 eyes followed for longer than 6 months, the new vessels involuted and produced circumscribed areas of retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris atrophy; 6 (43%) showed a further decrease in the fluorescein leakage during the follow-up period (average, 30.1 months). None of the new vessels organized into an exudative fibrovascular scar. Visual acuity was improved or unchanged during the entire follow-up period in 12 (86%) eyes and deteriorated in 2 (14%). Nine patients (75%) were 80 years of age or older; three (25%) were between 65 and 70 years of age. These observations suggested that SRNV showing minimal fluorescein leakage, particularly when it occurs in patients older than 80 years, do not require photocoagulation because they are usually self-limited.     

Ocular involvement in primary antiphospholipid syndrome

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ocular findings in patients with the primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Patients and methods: Twenty-two patients (44 eyes) with primary APS (17 women, 5 men) were examined. All patients were younger than 50 years (median age; 37.5 years). In 18 patients, fundus flourescein angiography was performed in addition to the ophthalmologic examination. Results: Sixteen patients (72.7%) described visual symptoms. Anterior segment was normal in 19 patients (86.4%). Posterior segment abnormalities were observed in 15 patients (68.2%). Venous dilatation and tortuosity were the most common ocular findings. Retinal vascular occlusive disease was detected in 5 patients (22.7%). Flourescein angiography abnormalities were noted in 14 of the 18 patients (77.8%). The most common angiographic finding was pigment epithelial window defects. Conclusions: Our results indicate that posterior eye segment involvement is relatively common in the primary APS. It also seems that the screening for APS is important in young patients with retinal vascular occlusion, especially in those without conventional risk factors. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Abnormalities of fundus autofluorescence in central serous retinopathy

PURPOSE: To report abnormalities of fundus autofluorescence associated with acute and chronic central serous retinopathy (CSR). DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of patients with CSR was undertaken in which the intensity and spatial distribution of fundus autofluorescence were documented. METHODS: Fundus autofluorescence was recorded using a confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscope (cLSO) and the images compared with the fundus appearance and fluorescein angiograms in 69 eyes of 63 subjects with either acute or chronic CSR. Areas of increased and decreased autofluorescence were compared with ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiography abnormalities. Thirty patients with focal leakage on angiography and serous retinal detachment or pigment epithelial detachment were designated as having acute CSR. Thirty-three patients with diffuse leakage on fluorescein angiography, but without manifest detachment were classified as having chronic CSR. RESULTS: The mean age was 39 years (range 29-56 years) 14 were female and 49 male. Acute CSR of more than 4 months duration showed a mild diffuse increase in autofluorescence that corresponded with the detached area. The leaking point on the angiogram corresponded to a focal area of intense autofluorescence. In chronic CSR the autofluorescence was very irregular, there being regions with greater and less than the background levels of fluorescence. CONCLUSION: In acute CSR, increased autofluorescence may occur at the site of leakage and in the area of retinal detachment probably indicating an increased metabolic activity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Decreased or absent autofluorescence in long-standing lesions may indicate reduced metabolic activity of the RPE due to photoreceptor cell loss. Documenting photoreceptor cell loss with autofluorescence imaging may be useful in identifying patients who would not benefit from laser photocoagulation.     

Indocyanine green and fluorescein angiography in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

PURPOSE: To assess the value of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) for demonstrating choroidal vascular abnormalities in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). METHODS: The authors compared the ICGA and fluorescein fundus angiography characteristics of peripapillary circulation in 11 patients with acute NAION. There were 7 men and 4 women; the age range for the patients was 36 years to 72 years (mean +/- SD, 47.7 +/- 10.76 years). The angiographic factors considered significant were delay of peripapillary choroidal filling in the vertical watershed zone, leakage from the optic disk, and absolute filling defects on the disk. The authors compared the incidence of a vertical peripapillary watershed zone in the eyes of the 11 patients with that in the normal eyes of 50 controls (age range, 44-79 years) who had unilateral age-related macular degeneration. RESULTS: Indocyanine green angiography revealed a peripapillary watershed zone in 8 of 11 patient eyes and 23 of 50 control eyes. There was no statistical difference in the number of eyes affected in each group (chi2 = 0.53; P = 0.47). Fluorescein fundus angiography showed leakage from the disk in 10 of 11 patients, whereas ICGA highlighted this problem in only 7 of the patients. The choroidal filling time of the watershed zones was significantly longer with ICGA (t = 3.13; P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Although ICGA allows better visualization of the choroidal watershed zones associated with NAION, it did not reveal any significantly different incidence of vertical choroidal watershed zone encompassing the optic disk for patients with NAION and controls. Fluorescein fundus angiography better visualized leakage from the disk in the patient group. These findings indicate that ICGA offers no significant advantage in terms of clinical diagnosis and management of NAION.     

Indocyanine green angiographic findings in young patients with Grönblad-Strandberg syndrome

PURPOSE: The objective of the present investigation was to define the indocyanine green (ICG) angiographic features of angioid streaks (AS) in young patients with Gr?nblad-Strandberg syndrome and to compare them with findings on fluorescein angiography (FA) and red-free photographs. METHODS: Complete ophthalmological examination, red-free photography, FA and ICG angiography were performed on 6 patients, 4 women and 2 men, ranging in age from 21 to 33 years, with Gr?nblad-Strandberg syndrome. RESULTS: ICG angiography showed AS in the form of hypofluorescent lines with numerous associated hyperfluorescent foci. The AS were more clearly visualized and were seen to be more numerous and larger by ICG angiography. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and macular involvement had become bilateral in all of the cases. ICG angiography allowed precise localization of CNV in some cases, but it was not much superior to FA in the determination of CNV and the visualization of 'peau d'orange'. CONCLUSIONS: ICG angiography provides some information different from FA in the evaluation of AS, but usually neovascular complications and peau d'orange appearance could be seen more clearly in the red-free photographs and FA. The hypofluorescent AS pattern was significantly observed in young patients with Gr?nblad-Strandberg syndrome.