188例院前心肺复苏临床分析

目的:分析院前心肺复苏(CPR)病例的抢救经过,总结其中的经验和教训,探讨提高院前心肺脑复苏成功率的途径。方法:回顾分析188例院前CPR病列的复苏开始时间,临床急救措施,心肺脑复苏的成功率等方面的资料。结果:188例患者中,31例心肺复苏成功,4例心肺脑复苏成功,心肺复苏成功率16.49%,心肺脑复苏成功率2.13%。CPR开始时间越早,除颤时间越早,心肺脑复苏的成功率越高。结论:良好齐全的急救设备,专业的院前急救水平,普及急救知识,加快CPR及除颤开始时间,及时给予基础和高级生命支持是提高院前心肺脑复苏成功率的重要途径。     

亚低温对心肺复苏后患者神经功能预后的影响

目的:探讨亚低温技术在心肺复苏后对患者神经功能预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析我院2001-03-2008-05急诊抢救室收治的30例心肺复苏患者的临床资料,根据是否采用亚低温技术,患者随机分为两组:常温组与亚低温组,每组各15例。对复苏后患者的平均脑部温度、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、血酸碱值(pH)、平均动脉压(MAP)、意识障碍评分(GCS)等指标进行分析,3个月后对两组病人神经功能预后进行评定。结果:常温组与亚低温组患者复苏时平均脑部温度分为(36.7±1.3)℃和(33.5±1.1)℃(P<0.05),血氧饱和度(SaO2)、血酸碱值(pH)、平均动脉压(MAP)、意识障碍评分(GCS)等基本相近(P>0.05);3个月后两组神经功能转归良好率分别为40%和73%(P<0.05),其中亚低温6h内实施者优于6h后实施者;神经功能缺损评分(nerve functional in-sufficent,NFI)分别18.7±4.3和14.9±3.7(P<0.05),修改后的Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)分别为69.5±3.6和74.4±4.5(P<0.05)。结论:亚低温技术在心肺复苏后患者的脑复苏中具有显著的神经功能保护作用,可改善心肺复苏后患者的神经功能状况,实施降温越早,对脑复苏越有利。     

山莨菪碱对心脏骤停患者氧化应激及心肺复苏效果的影响

目的:探讨山莨菪碱对心脏骤停患者氧化应激及心肺复苏效果的影响。方法:选择急诊科抢救的心脏骤停患者119例,骤停时间≤10min,随机分为对照组和干预组。两组均按照美国心脏学会心肺复苏指南进行标准的心肺复苏,干预组在标准心肺复苏基础上静脉注射山莨菪碱,比较两组患者自主循环恢复(ROSC)率及复苏后24h存活率;分别在自主循环恢复后和复苏24h后测定血清总超氧化物岐化酶(T-SOD)活力、总抗氧化力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,比较两组间差别。结果:干预组患者自主循环恢复率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.01);复苏24h后,干预组患者存活率显著高于对照组(P<0.01);自主循环恢复后及复苏24h后,干预组T-SOD活力和T-AOC显著高于对照组,MDA含量显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:早期应用山莨菪碱可能会减轻心脏骤停患者体内氧化应激,可能有助于提高复苏后24h存活率,但对于短期自主循环的恢复可能没有明显改善。     

外科护士预防术后患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的知信行调查

目的：调查外科护士对于预防术后患者下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的知识、信念和行为状况。方法：采用自行设计的外科护士预防术后患者DVT知信行问卷,以便利抽样法调查北京市某医院的40名外科护士,对收集的资料进行统计学分析。结果：1外科护士预防术后患者DVT知识得分为（9.38±1.74）分,占满分的62.5%;信念得分为（33.90±3.80）分,占满分的84.6%;行为得分为（38.78±6.83）分,占满分的77.6%。2外科护士预防术后患者DVT的知识、信念与行为三者之间存在正相关（P〈0.05）。3不同职称、责任护士状态、科室的外科护士预防术后患者DVT知、信、行的得分不同,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：外科护士在预防术后患者DVT的知信行方面,信念水平最高,行为水平次之,而知识水平较低,三者之间存在正相关关系。护理管理者应进一步提高护士预防DVT的知识水平,以促进其信念的转念,进而改进护理措施。     

Knowledge, attitude and practice towards blood donation in Iranian population

Background: The increase in demand for blood products because of new surgical and medical procedures seeks more research to find new ways to recruit people to donate blood. Objective/Aim: To determine the level of people's knowledge about donating blood considering its relation with infectious and chronic diseases, drug abuse, unsafe sexual intercourse, menstruation and anaemia. In addition, their attitude towards blood donation regarding their previous behaviour and factors such as altruism, religion, family, fears and availability of blood donation centres has been evaluated. Methods: This study was conducted in Tehran, Iran in 2009 on 1000 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires that comprised 37 questions considering demographic and background characteristics, level of knowledge and positive and negative attitudes towards blood donation. Finally, data were analysed using SPSS software. Results: Of 1000 in this study, 26% were donors, of whom 55% had donated blood more than once. The mean knowledge score of the participants was 8·6, which was associated with the subjects' gender and level of education (P = 0·031 and P < 0·001, respectively). Age, gender and level of education were significantly associated with one's attitude towards blood donation (P = 0·021, P < 0·001 and P = 0·003,respectively). Ninety‐five percent of people have stated that their main motivation to donate blood was altruism. Conclusion: Altruism and being encouraged by others had the leading roles in peoples' positive attitude towards blood donation; whereas hard access to blood donation centres seemed to be the main inhibitory factor.     

六西格玛管理法在急诊心肺复苏患者护理中的效果

目的探讨六西格玛管理法在急诊心肺复苏患者护理中的效果。方法选取我院收治的60例心源性心脏骤停患者,采用掷骰子法将奇数患者纳入对照组(30例,常规急诊心肺复苏护理),偶数患者纳入干预组(30例,六西格玛管理法护理)。比较两组的护理效果。结果护理后,干预组的EVLWI、ITVBI、SVRI及并发症总发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预组的护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论六西格玛管理法在急诊心肺复苏患者护理中的效果显著。     

心肺复苏后脑损害昏迷转归的早期观察与评价

目的：探讨准确、客观评估与判定心肺复苏（CPR）后脑损害昏迷的方法。方法：对27例心肺复苏12h后脑损伤仍处于昏迷状态的患者进行连续的观察和评估,评估的项目包括对神经系统的各项临床观察。结果：27例患者中19例（70．4％）在心肺复苏后1个月内死亡,其余8例存活患者从昏迷成为睁眼昏迷,存活患者中2例（25．0％）分别在第5d、第43d清醒。结论：临床综合评定心肺复苏后昏迷客观、可靠,对临床医疗决策和提高脑复苏成功率具有重要的指导意义。     

心肺复苏术应用的研究进展

心肺复苏（cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR）是指对心脏骤停者所采取的恢复人体意识活动的一种急救措施。每年有数十万人死于心脏骤停,世界一些发达国家发生心脏骤停的概率每年约为（36～128）／10万。国内每年发生心脏性猝死总人数为54．4万人,发生率达41．84／10万。     

社区居民心肺复苏技能操作培训的现状及启示

通过归纳国内外居民心肺复苏知识培训的相关政策,阐述了国内外关于急救知识培训的相关政策及居民心肺复苏术的培训现状。通过比较国内外居民心肺复苏培训的差异,提出了对我国心肺复苏培训的启示,并指出了未来心肺复苏培训的研究方向。     

Working together,nurses can make a difference in resuscitation outcomes: An update on the American Heart Association's 2010 guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) was formed in 1992 to provide a forum for resuscitation organizations worldwide. According to its mission, ILCOR provides a mechanism by which international science and knowledge that are relevant to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) can be identified, reviewed, and evaluated. Every 5 years, based on a rigorous review of the published, peer‐reviewed science, ILCOR develops a consensus on resuscitation science and carries that forward into internationally agreed‐on treatment recommendations. As part of the 2010 evidence‐evaluation process, ILCOR published an updated consensus on science and treatment recommendations (CoSTR). Based on the CoSTR, the American Heart Association (AHA) developed and disseminated guidelines for ECC and CPR. Nursing has unique responsibilities in the chain of survival. This article reviews the major elements of AHA's 2010 guidelines and discusses the critical role that nurses play in the development, dissemination, and implementation of resuscitation science. By making the connection in resuscitation science, nurses can help to save more lives.     

与胸外心脏按压同时和非同时机械通气对心肺复苏影响的比较

目的：探讨与胸外心脏按压同时和非同时机械通气在心肺复苏中应用的效果。方法：将12例心跳呼吸骤停患者随机分为与胸外心脏按压同时控制机械通气组和与胸外按压非同时手控机械通气组。采用控制通气模式机械通气与持续循手胸外心脏按压同时进行;后者采用手控通气模式机械通气（MAMV）与间断徒手胸外心脏按压非同时配配合进行心肺复苏,胸外心脏按压每5次后暂停1次,在暂停间期给予MAMV1次,之后通气与按压依此比例进行。2组均进行无创动脉血压、心电、经皮氧饱和度（SpO2)、潮气量（VT)、气道峰压（Ppeak)等监测。结果：与胸外心脏按压非同时手控机械通气组的SpO2、VT均明显高于与胸外心脏按压同时模式通气组的SpO2和VT,P均＜0．05;而peak则明显低于后者,P＜0．05;2组的平均动脉压无显著差别。结论：与胸外心脏按压非同时手控机械通气在提高SpO2、VT,降低Ppeak,恢复窦性心律及提高心肺复苏成功率等方面明显优于与胸外心脏按压同时控制机械通气。     

体外心肺复苏启动前因素对患者预后的影响

目的:分析体外心肺复苏（extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation,ECPR）启动前因素对患者预后的影响,以探讨ECPR的干预时机和改进策略。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月至2021年4月在湖南师范大学附属第一医院（湖南省人民医院）行ECPR的29例患者。按患者是否存活出院分为生存组( n=13)及死亡组( n=16),分析两组常规心肺复苏（conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CCPR）时间（开始心肺复苏到体外膜肺氧合运转的时间）、ECPR前初始心律、院外及院内心搏骤停的构成比、外院转运病例构成比。按CCPR时间分为≤45 min组、45~60 min组及>60 min组分别比较其出院存活率及持续自主循环恢复（sustained return of spontaneous circulation,ROSC）率。本院院内心搏骤停患者按心搏骤停（cardiac arrest,CA）发生地点分为本科室亚组和其他科室亚组,比较其存活率。 结果:29例患者总体生存率44.83%,体外膜肺氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO）平均辅助时长114（33.5,142.5） h,CCPR平均时长60（44.5,80） min。生存组ECMO辅助时间（140.15±44.80）h较死亡组长（ P=0.001）,生存组CCPR时间明显低于死亡组（ P=0.010）。初始心律为可除颤心律组生存率更高（ P=0.010）。OHCA较IHCA患者病死率高（ P=0.020）。外院转运病例病死率高于本院病例（ P=0.025）。CCPR时间≤45min、45~60 min、>60 min三组患者出院生存率依次递减（ P=0.001）,ROSC率依次递减（ P=0.001)。本院院内心搏骤停患者,CA发生地点在本科室（急诊医学科）组与其他科室组生存率差异无统计学意义（ P=0.54）。 结论:ECPR出院存活率高于国内外报道的CCPR存活率,ECPR对难治性心搏骤停是有效的。ECPR的预后跟CCPR时间、CA初始心律、CA发生地点明显相关,提高ECPR存活率需加强宣教及团队建设。     

Improving the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by training dedicated cardiac arrest teams incorporating a mechanical load-distributing device at the emergency department

Objective

Determine if implementing cardiac arrest teams trained with a ‘pit-crew’ protocol incorporating a load-distributing band mechanical CPR device (Autopulse™ ZOLL) improves the quality of CPR, as determined by no-flow ratio (NFR) in the first 10 min of resuscitation.

Methods

A phased, prospective, non-randomized, before–after cohort evaluation. Data collection was from April 2008 to February 2011. There were 100 before and 148 after cases. Continuous video and chest compression data of all study subjects were analyzed. All non-traumatic, collapsed patients aged 18 years and above presenting to the emergency department were eligible. Primary outcome was NFR. Secondary outcomes were return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to hospital admission and neurological outcome at discharge.

Main results

After implementation, mean total NFR for the first 5 min decreased from 0.42 to 0.27 (decrease = 0.15, 95% CI 0.10–0.19, p < 0.005), and from 0.24 to 0.18 (decrease = 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.11, p = 0.02) for the next 5 min. The mean time taken to apply Autopulse™ decreased from 208.8 s to 141.6 s (decrease = 67.2, 95% CI, 22.3–112.1, p < 0.005). The mean CPR ratio increased from 46.4% to 88.4% (increase = 41.9%, 95% CI 36.9–46.9, p < 0.005) and the mean total NFR for the first 10 min decreased from 0.33 to 0.23 (decrease = 0.10, 95% CI 0.07–0.14, p < 0.005).

Conclusion

Implementation of cardiac arrest teams was associated with a reduction in NFR in the first 10 min of resuscitation. Training cardiac arrest teams in a ‘pit-crew’ protocol may improve the quality of CPR at the ED.     

心肺复苏中机械通气时机选择对急诊心博骤停患者预后的影响

目的探讨心肺复苏的机械通气时机选择对急诊心博骤停患者预后影响。方法选取在本院接受心博骤停自动循环恢复机械通气的50例患者为研究对象,按照机械通气的时间分为早期上机组24例,以及晚期上机组26例,统计两组患者的年龄、性别、心博骤停心率类型以及心博骤停的原因,同时统计两组患者心肺复苏成功效率、心博骤停24 h、有无角膜性反射、有无瞳孔反射、疼痛躲避反应、运动反应、出院时神经功能分类以及治愈出院率。对两组患者的各项指标进行相应比较。结果两组患者的年龄、性别、心博骤停心率类型以及心博骤停原因,两者差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）;两组患者的心肺复苏率、24 h角膜反射（＋）、24 h瞳孔反射（＋）、24 h疼痛躲避反应（＋）、24 h运动反应（＋）以及其出院时神经功能分类等,其指标差异有统计学意义,早期上机组明显优于晚期上机组（ P＜0．05）;两组患者成活出院率（45．5％∶40．0％）之间差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）,其总成活出院率为33．41％。结论对心博骤停的患者应及早给予机械通气呼吸支持,从而促进患者心脏的恢复,以提高心博骤停疾病患者的治疗效果,提高心博骤停患者心肺复苏的成功率,并且对其神经功能的预后进行改善。     

血管加压素、肾上腺素联合纳洛酮在心肺复苏中的应用研究

目的：研究纳洛酮联合血管加压素、肾上腺素在心肺复苏中的疗效。方法：84例心跳骤停患者,随机分成3组：肾上腺素标准剂量组（A组）28例;血管加压素加肾上腺素组（B组）35例;血管加压素加肾上腺素加纳洛酮组（C组）21例,各组分别观察自主循环恢复率、自主呼吸恢复率、自主循环恢复时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、存活率。结果：3组自主循环恢复率C组、B组明显高于A组（P〈0．05）;3组自主呼吸恢复率C组、B组明显高于A组（P〈0．05）,C组自主呼吸恢复率高于B组（P〈0．05）;B组和c组自主循环恢复时间明显短于A组（P〈0．05）;B组和C组自主呼吸恢复时间明显短于A组（P〈0．05）,C组自主呼吸恢复时间短于B组（P〈0．05）;C组、B组存活率显著高于A组（P〈0．05）;C组自主循环恢复率、存活率高于B组,自主循环恢复时间短于B组,无统计学意义。结论：心肺复苏期间联合应用血管加压素、肾上腺素和纳洛酮比单独应用肾上腺素明显提高自主循环恢复率、自主呼吸恢复率和存活率,缩短自主循环恢复时间及自主呼吸恢复时间,比应用血管加压素和肾上腺素明显缩短自主呼吸恢复时间,提高自主呼吸恢复率。     

急性心肌梗死心肺复苏后溶栓治疗临床价值探讨

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死心肺复苏后溶栓治疗的安全性及临床价值。方法:选择7例急性心肌梗死并心肺复苏后溶栓治疗的患者,分析其冠脉再通率、自主循环恢复率、急性期死亡率、出院生存率、重要脏器出血的发生率、脑复苏的成功率等。结果:对于急性心肌梗死并心肺复苏后的患者,在排除急性心包填塞、胸腹腔出血、继发性颅内出血后给予及时溶栓开通冠脉,能提高患者的自主循环恢复率、出院生存率、降低急性期死亡率,重要脏器出血的发生率无明显提高;对于发病年龄较轻、心肺复苏时间10 min的患者,脑复苏的成功率较高。结论:急性心肌梗死心肺复苏后溶栓治疗是安全有效的。     

Attitudes toward advance directives and the impact of prognostic information on the preference for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in medical inpatients in Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand

Our previous study revealed that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed in 65.7% of 411 terminally ill patients who died in a tertiary-care university hospital in northern Thailand. Advance directives (ADs) are needed to ensure that life-sustaining therapies are used more appropriately. To investigate inpatients' attitudes regarding ADs for CPR and the impact of providing prognostic information on treatment preferences for CPR, we interviewed a randomly selected group of 200 ambulatory medical inpatients in multiple sessions. The results showed that most subjects had a positive attitude towards ADs for CPR. The majority preferred to have CPR when no information was provided on the chance of survival. However, this proportion decreased depending on the prognostic scenarios. Our investigation suggested that the preference of patients for CPR should be assessed individually and gradually, with adequate information given on the chance of survival.