Use of capillary blood count parameters in adults

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Capillary samples can provide blood for cell counts in haematologic patients and blood donors. However, some accept only values from venous blood. This study compares capillary and venous blood counts to verify the hypothesis that they are equivalent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed 463 capillary (fingerstick) and venous blood samples from 428 adults of both sexes (71% haematologic patients, 29% potential blood and apheresis donors). Both samples were taken at the same time from each subject. Haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), white blood cells (WBC), platelets, red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) and mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC) were measured using a haematology analyser (Advia 120, Bayer). RESULTS: Capillary Hb, Hct, WBC, RBC, MCV and MCH were all significantly higher than the venous values [+0.2 mmol/l (+0.3 g/dl), +0.02 l/l (+2%), +0.2 x 10(9)/l, +0.1 x 10(12)/l, +3.1 fl and +0.01 fmol, respectively], whereas the capillary MCHC was lower (-0.6 mmol/l). There was no difference in platelets (-1 x 10(9)/l). Capillary Hb and Hct values were higher in patients with anaemia and polycythaemia, respectively. However, no significant differences occurred in severe thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSION: In adult haematologic patients, however, only the differences in Hb and Hct values may be of clinical relevance. For potential blood and apheresis donors, Hb and platelet screening are equivalent with either capillary and venous blood using a haematology analyser.     

Postnatal ontogeny of erythropoietin and hematology in free-ranging Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus)

The hormone erythropoietin (EPO) is responsible for the increased production of red blood cells (RBC) in response to tissue hypoxia. While the role of EPO in hematological development has been established in humans and terrestrial mammals, this relationship has never been examined in marine mammals that rely heavily on stored oxygen to maintain aerobic metabolism while diving. Since blood is the major oxygen storage site in marine mammals, it was hypothesized that EPO may have a significant influence on the development of hematology parameters associated with the expansion of blood oxygen stores during development. To explore this hypothesis, serum EPO concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in 235 free-ranging Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), throughout their Alaskan range. Hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell (RBC) counts were also measured, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCV) values determined. Erythropoietin and most hematological parameters varied with age. Hematocrit, Hb, RBC, and MCHC decreased after birth, reached their lowest values at two to three months of age, and then increased to values similar to those of adults by five months of age. Since changes in Hct and Hb account for the majority of the changes in blood oxygen stores and EPO was negatively correlated with both, it appears that EPO may play an important role in blood development of Steller sea lions, similar to previous studies on terrestrial mammals.     

冷凝集对血细胞分析多项参数检测结果的影响

目的 探讨红细胞冷凝集对血细胞分析各项检测参数的影响及处理方法.方法 选择福建省肿瘤医院2017年12月至2020年2月有红细胞冷凝集的全血标本73份.应用Sysmex XN-9000全自动血细胞分析仪对标本进行检测,比较37℃水浴前后红细胞(RBC)、血细胞比容(HCT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白...     

Haematological values from a Gambian cohort--possible reference range for a West African population

The objective of this study was to establish haematological reference ranges for the West African subregion using a Gambian cohort. We analysed full blood counts from 1279 subjects aged > or =1 year. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed. Haematological mean values, medians and 90% reference values were calculated and related to malnutrition in children and thinness and/or obesity in adults. Haemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) significantly increased with age (P < 0.00001). There were gender-related changes in Hb from 15 years of age (P = 0.001) and for MCV only in adults (P = 0.0002). Hb was significantly reduced in underweight and stunted children (P = 0.0001 and 0.0002, respectively) but was unaffected by thinness or obesity in adults. White blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts were highest under 5 years and declined significantly with age (P < 0.0001 and 0.0001). While, there were no gender-related differences with WBC, there were higher WBC counts in underweight (P = 0.0001) and stunted (P < 0.0001) children. Adult females had significantly higher mean platelet counts compared with males (P = 0.006). The mean and median values of haematological parameters in The Gambia are similar to other standards but the 90% reference range for each parameter encompasses lower values when compared with Western standards.     

Significant differences between capillary and venous complete blood counts in the neonatal period

The normal capillary and venous hematologic values for neonates have not been defined clearly. It is well known that capillary blood has higher hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) values than venous blood. In a recent study, we reported differences between capillary and venous complete blood counts (CBC) in healthy term neonates on day 1 of life. The aim of this study was to extend our previous investigation. Term neonates (n=141) were stratified into four groups by days of postnatal age: group 2 (day 7, n=38), group 3 (day 14, n=35), group 4 (day 21, n=32) and, group 5 (day 28, n=36). Data from our previous study were included in the statistical analysis as group 1 (day 1, n=95). A CBC and differential count were carried out on each capillary and venous sample drawn simultaneously. Within each group, the mean and standard deviation for each parameter in capillary and venous blood were calculated and then compared using the paired sample t-test. In all groups, the capillary blood samples had higher Hb, Hct, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and lymphocyte counts. In each group, venous platelet counts were significantly higher than the corresponding capillary values. There was also a trend toward higher venous mean corpuscular volume, higher capillary polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PML) count and mean platelet volume in all groups. In both capillary and venous blood, Hb, Hct, RBC, MCV values and WBC, lymphocyte, PML counts decreased and platelet counts increased steadily during neonatal period. This study reveals that CBC parameters and differential counts may differ depending on the blood sampling used. The findings underline the importance of considering the sample source when using hematologic reference ranges for healthy or septic neonates. When interpreting results, the term 'peripheral blood' should be replaced with 'capillary blood' or 'venous blood' so that an accurate assessment can be made.     

Evaluation of hematological values obtained with reference automated hematology analyzers of six manufacturers

We evaluated assays of the same fresh blood samples with six different types of reference automated hematology analyzers developed by the following manufacturers: Beckman Coulter, Sysmex, Bayer, Abbott, Nihon Kohden and Horiba. Fresh whole blood samples treated with dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA K2) were collected from three healthy adult volunteers. The complete blood counts (CBC) including red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (Plt), reticulocyte percentage (Ret) and leukocyte differential counts including % neutrophils (Neu), % lymphocytes (Lym) and % monocytes (Mon) were surveyed with a reference automated hematology analyzer from each manufacturer. The process from sampling to analysis was performed according to procedures in hospital clinical laboratories. RBC, Hgb, Hct and MCV exhibited allowable differences within 5% of mean value among all instruments. Large differences greater than 10% of mean value in WBC, Neu and Lym between Horiba and other manufacturers, and in Plt between Nihon Kohden and other manufacturers, were observed. Ret and Mon exhibited large differences over 10% of mean value among almost all of the instruments tested. This survey suggests that all parameters exhibiting differences greater than 10% of mean value among instruments should be improved for clinical use to ensure good external quality control in blood cell counting and leukocyte differential counting using automated instruments.     

Performance evaluation of BC-3200 hematology analyzer in a university hospital

The BC-3200 automated hematology analyzer was evaluated and compared with the Beckman-Coulter AcT (Ac.T diff 2) 3-part differential hematology analyzer. The BC-3200 was evaluated according to guidelines published by the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH), Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), and Department of Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The results demonstrated no background, minimal carryover (<0.5%), and excellent linearity for hemoglobin (Hb) level, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), and platelet (PLT) counts (>0.998). Precision was generally acceptable for all complete blood count (CBC) parameters; coefficients of variation (CVs) were within the manufacturer's claims and CVs of CBC parameters, including WBC, RBC and PLT counts, Hb and mean corpuscular volume, were <6%. Correlation between the BC-3200 and Ac.T diff 2 was excellent (r > 0.98) for all major CBC parameters (WBC, RBC, and PLT counts and Hb). We conclude that the overall performance of the BC-3200 is excellent and compares well with that of the Coulter Ac.T diff 2.     

Establishment of haematological and immunological reference values for healthy Tanzanian children in Kilimanjaro Region

Objective To determine the normal haematological and immunological reference intervals for healthy Tanzanian children. Methods We analysed data from 655 HIV‐seronegative, healthy children from 1 month to 18 years of age from the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania for this cross‐sectional study. Median and 95% reference ranges were determined for haematological and immunological parameters and analysed by age cohorts, and by gender for adolescents. Results Median haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) for all age groups were higher than established East African reference intervals. Compared to U.S. intervals, reference ranges encompassed lower values for Hb, Hct, mean corpuscular volume, and platelets. Applying the U.S. National Institute of Health Division of AIDS (DAIDS) adverse event grading criteria commonly used in clinical trials to the reference range participants, 128 (21%) of 619 children would be classified as having an adverse event related to Hb level. CD4‐positive T‐lymphocyte absolute counts declined significantly with increasing age (P < 0.0001). For those aged under five years, CD4‐positive T‐lymphocyte percentages are lower than established developed country medians. Conclusions Country‐specific reference ranges are needed for defining normal laboratory parameters among children in Africa. Knowledge of appropriate reference intervals is critical not only for providing optimal clinical care, but also for enrolling children in medical research. Knowledge of normal CD4‐positive T‐lymphocyte parameters in this population is especially important for guiding the practice of HIV medicine in Tanzania.     

Causes of microcytic anaemia and evaluation of conventional laboratory parameters in the differentiation of erythrocytic microcytosis in blood donors candidates*

ABSTRACT

Context and Objective: Microcytic anaemia results from defective synthesis of haemoglobin in the erythroid precursors, causing a reduction in its mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The most common causes of microcytosis, without the increase in HbA₂ levels, are iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and α-thalassemia. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of microcytic anaemia and evaluate the haematological parameters from blood donors deemed ineligible (due to the low haematocrit level) that would differentiate the IDA and α-thal, whether isolated or in association.

Methods: Genomic DNA was submitted to the polymerase chain reaction multiplex for the diagnosis of the most common allele deletions of α-thal and erythrogram and in order to verify haematological parameters. Iron deficiency (ID) was determined through the measurement of serum ferritin.

Results: Of the 204 samples, 82 (40.2%) were identified with ID, 24 (17.8%) with α-thal and 10 (4.9%) with ID associated with α-thal. In the α-thal with ID group haemoglobin (Hb), MCV, mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular Hb (MCH) values were significantly lower compared to the isolated α-thal. In the group with ID Hb, MCV, MCHC and MCH values were significantly lower compared to those with isolated α-thal. The α-thal with ID group, showed Hb, MCV, MCHC and MCH significantly reduced when compared to those with IDA.

Conclusions: This study showed that the values of haematological parameters, especially haematocrit, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC and red blood cell distribution width (RDW), are lower in patients with IDA, especially when associated with α-thal and therefore it may be useful to discriminate between the different types of microcytic anaemia.     

Doppler velocimetry alterations related to platelet changes in third trimester pregnancies

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the haematological parameter mean platelet volume and Doppler velocimetry parameters in order to improve clinical management in third trimester complicated pregnancies (pre-eclampsia, PE, and IUGR) affected by altered uterine resistances. Fifty-one patients were included in the abnormal uterine arteries Doppler velocimetry group (25 pregnancies were complicated by PE, 26 pregnancies were complicated by IUGR). Ninety-nine normotensive pregnant women taking no drugs for at least 2 weeks prior to testing and with no difference in gestational age at evaluation, with normal Doppler velocimetry profiles at routine screen, were used as controls. From all pregnant women, 20 mL of whole blood were obtained into citrate tubes after Doppler velocimetry evaluation and analysed for red blood cell counts (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit level (HCT), white blood cells count (WBC), platelet counts (PLT), mean platelets volume (MPV) and other biochemical parameters. From all blood parameters studied, MPV was significantly higher in women with altered uterine artery Doppler velocimetry compared with those with normal Doppler profiles (9.4 +/- 1.0 vs. 8.05 +/- 1.2 fL, P<0.001). In the group with altered uterine artery Doppler velocimetry, pregnancies complicated by PE showed a MPV value higher than pregnancies affected by IUGR (9.5 +/- 1.6 vs. 8.9 +/- 1.1, P<0.001). Finally, mean uterine arteries RI values were significantly related to MPV (fL) in both PE and IUGR groups (P<0.01, r=0.37 and P<0.01, r=0.38, respectively). Our study shows that a periodical monitoring of haematological parameters such as MPV can be associated to Doppler velocimetry in order to improve the management of pregnancies with uterine arteries Doppler velocimetry alterations.     

Pre- and post- donation haematological values in healthy donors undergoing plateletpheresis with five different systems

Background

Although automated cell separators have undergone a lot of technical refinements, attention has been focused more on the quality of platelet concentrates than on donor safety. We planned this prospective study to observe the effects of automated plateletpheresis on normal haematological values of healthy donors and to determine whether the haematological alterations had any clinical consequences.

Study design and methods

The study was conducted on 457 healthy, first-time plateletpheresis donors over a period of 26 months. The plateletpheresis procedures were performed using five different cell separators and various pre- and post-donation haematological values such as haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width were measured in all donors.

Results

We observed that the Hb, Hct, platelet and WBC counts decreased significantly in the donors (p<0.01) after each procedure, without there being significant changes in mean platelet volume or platelet distribution width. The decreases in Hb and Hct were significantly greater with the CS 3000 and Amicus machines, while the decreases in platelet and WBC counts were significantly greater with the CS 3000 and Fresenius separators.

Conclusion

Although a significant drop in complete blood count was observed in all donors, none manifested features of thrombocytopenia or anaemia. Nevertheless, more prospective studies on this aspect are required in order to establish guidelines for donor safety in apheresis and also to help in assessing donor suitability, especially given the present trend of double product apheresis collections.     

高原适应者返回平原后肺通气功能血象及心肌酶学的变化

目的观察高原适应者返回平原后120d内肺通气功能、血象、心肌酶学的变化,探讨高原脱适应症的变化规律。方法20例年龄18—25岁,健康男性,在西藏日喀则（海拔3650m）驻训7个月后,返回重庆（海拔300m）驻地,并分别检测受试者返回第2天（baseline）、返回第30天（D30）和返回第120天（D120）时肺通气功能、血象、心肌酶学变化情况;检测20例重庆驻地18～25岁健康男性血象、心肌酶学和心功能,设为健康对照组。结果受试者返回第2天,用力肺活量（FVC）、第1S用力肺活量（FEV1）、血象、心肌酶学均高于健康对照组;返回第30天,中性粒百分比（Neu％）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、红细胞压积（Hct）、血小板压积（PLT）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK．MB）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）仍高于健康对照组;但红细胞数目（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、Hct、CK．MB、LDH显著低于返回第2天;返回第120天Hct、PLT以及CK．MB、LDH显著高于健康对照组,除PLT外,其余各项指标均显著低于返回第2天,除RBC和PLT外,其余各项指标均显著低于返回第30天。结论高原适应者返回平原后,肺通气功能血常规,心功能均有所恢复,肺通气功能恢复较快,而心功能恢复较为缓慢,其机制尚需进一步研究。     

Red Cell Size and the Clinical and Haematological Features of Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease

The contribution of red cell size (mean cell volume) to the clinical and haematological manifestations of homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease has been investigated by comparing the features of two groups of patients with low (less than or equal to 80 fl) and high (greater than 95 fl) MCV values after matching for age, sex and fetal haemoglobin level. The microcytic group manifested significantly higher Hb, PCV, RBC and HbA2 levels and significantly lower reticulocyte and irreversibly sickled-cell counts. Clinical features were not less severe in the microcytic group, splenomegaly persisting for longer and painful crises were more common although the latter difference did not reach significance. The milder haematological picture associated with decreased intravascular sickling was not reflected in a more mild clinical course. It is postulated that the higher viscosity accompanying the higher haemoglobin levels in microcytic patients may offset the rheological advantages of decreased intravascular sickling.     

Reference intervals for haematological variables during normal pregnancy and postpartum in 434 healthy Danish women

AIM: To report reference intervals for haematological variables during normal pregnancy and postpartum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The series comprised 434 healthy ethnic Danish women with a normal pregnancy > or =37 wk duration and a normal delivery with newborns weight >2500 g. Blood samples were obtained at 18, 32 and 39 wk gestation and at 8 wk postpartum. The following variables were analysed: Haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), blood erythrocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white cell count, platelet count, erythrocyte folate, plasma folate, plasma cobalamin, plasma methylmalonic acid, plasma total homocysteine, serum ferritin, serum soluble transferrin receptor and plasma creatinine. Reference intervals were calculated using log(10)-transformed values (which showed normal distributions) as mean +/- 1.96 x SD. RESULTS: The lower reference value for Hb during pregnancy was 6.45 mmol/L (105 g/L) and 7.3 mmol/L (118 g/L) postpartum. The lower reference value for Hct was 0.31 in pregnancy and 0.35 postpartum. There was a gradual decline in the lower reference value for erythrocyte folate during pregnancy and postpartum from 0.46 to 0.29 micromol/L and in plasma folate from 6 to 4 nmol/L. Lower reference value for plasma cobalamin declined during pregnancy from 96 to 71 pmol/L, but increased postpartum to 148 pmol/L. Upper reference value for plasma homocysteine increased gradually during pregnancy and postpartum from 11.0 to 20.6 micromol/L. Geometric mean serum ferritin at 18 wk gestation was 32 microg/L. Plasma creatinine values were low during pregnancy and displayed a significant increase postpartum. CONCLUSION: The characteristic changes occurring in haematological indices during pregnancy and postpartum are described in this study. The results may be used as reference values in the assessment of health status of pregnant women with a similar socio-economic and racial background.     

Normal hematological values of the african neonate

Summary A longitudinal study of normal hematological values of the newborn infant was undertaken in an effort to provide baseline data for assessing the African Neonate with hematological problems. There were 402 neonates, consisting of 304 full-term, 51 preterm and 47 post-term infants. The Hematocrit (Hct), Hemoglobin (Hb), Red Blood Cell Count (RBC), Reticulocyte count (Retic) and Nucleated Red Blood Cell Count (NRBC) were serially determined. The red cell indices, Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular volume (MCV) and Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were calculated for each neonate. Our results showed that African neonates have lower hematological values than their North American and European counterparts. This was neither a reflection of an intrauterine anemia nor was it due to variables resulting from the timing of cord blood sampling. On the first day of life, the mean Hct was 45.4%; mean Hb was 15.46 gm/dl; and the RBC was 4.02×10⁶ cells/mm². The Retics, NRBC and other red blood cell indices do not differ from those of neonates reported from other parts of the world. We suggest therefore that the low hematological values of the African neonate may be intrinsic.     

Correlations between changes in hematological indices of mothers with preeclampsia and umbilical cord blood of newborns

Preeclampsia is a condition that might severely impact the health of mothers and their newborns. The aim of this investigation is to examine hematological parameters in mothers with preeclampsia and umbilical cord blood. Eighty preecalmptic mothers were recruited in the study. In addition, eighty normal pregnant mothers served as controls. Hematological parameters that include hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), red cell distribution width (RDW), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell counts (WBC), platelet counts, mean platelet volume (MPV) and Platelet large cell ratio (PLCR) were examined. Results showed a strong association between preeclampsia and low birth weight, premature/cesarean delivery and proteinuria (P < 0.001). Hb and neutrophils were significantly lower (P < 0.01), whereas RDW, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC and lymphocytes were significantly higher than normal ones (P < 0.01). When cord blood of preeclamptic mothers were compared with that of normal ones, similar findings were observed. In addition, results showed significant and positive correlations between preeclamptic mothers and their newborn in Hb (r2 = 0.075, P < 0.05), PCV (r2 = 0.084, P < 0.01), MCV (r2 = 0.077, P < 0.05), MCHC (r2 = 0.115, P < 0.01), RBC (r2 = 0.086, P < 0.01) and retics (r2 = 0.306, P < 0.01). In conclusion, changes in several hematological parameters associated with preeclampsia were correlated in affected mothers and their newborns. Such biomarkers can be used to predict pregnancy outcomes in women with preeclampsia.     

Blood cell values in healthy Hong Kong Chinese adults

Haemoglobin concentration and other blood cell indices were determined in a Coulter counter (Model S-Sr) in order to establish a reference range for healthy Hong Kong Chinese adults. The mean values for all the blood cell indices were significantly higher (P less than 0.0005) in males than in females, except for MCHC where there was no difference. In males, there was a statistically significant age-related decrease in RBC counts and Hb concentration, whereas MCV showed a statistically significant increase with age. The WBC counts also showed a statistically significant increase with age. In females, however, all the blood cell indices remained relatively unchanged up to 70 years of age, after which there was a drop in the RBC counts (P less than 0.01), PVC (P less than 0.05) and Hb concentration, the latter not reaching statistical significance. The MCH, however, increased after 70 years of age (P less than 0.05). The reference ranges derived for healthy Hong Kong Chinese adults are of a similar order of magnitude to those already published.     

Erythropoietic activity in patients with sickle cell anaemia before and after treatment with hydroxyurea

In this project we have prospectively studied the erythropoietic activity in patients with sickle cell anaemia (SS) before and after treatment with hydroxyurea (HU). Some of the patients were enrolled in a double-blind placebo controlled trial of HU in patients with SS and others were enrolled in an open label study. Determinants of erythropoietic activity included the reticulocyte count, red blood cell (RBC) survival by the 51Cr method, plasma 59Fe clearance, plasma iron turnover (PIT), erythron transferrin uptake (ETU), RBC production/destruction rate, and RBC Fe utilization. Therapy with HU increased the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), haemoglobin (Hb)F, RBC survival and t1/2 59Fe clearance; it decreased the reticulocyte count, the white blood cell (WBC) count, ETU, and the PIT. Most of the changes in parameters of erythropoiesis could be explained by the increase in 51Cr RBC survival after therapy with HU. Together the data showed that in selected patients the net effect of HU on Hb level was a function of the difference between the suppressive effect of HU (decreased RBC production) and the increase in RBC survival. In the majority of patients who responded to HU, there was a preferential effect on RBC survival.     

Relations beetwen severity of anemia and certain antiphospholipid antibodies presence in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Anaemia is a common hematological abnormality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia (AHA) is one of the types of anaemia in SLE. Other reasons of anaemia in SLE are: chronic inflammatory diseases, insufficient level of elements necessary for erythropoiesis and chronic renal disease. The aim of the study was to examine the relations between severity of anemia and presence of certain antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in SLE. The study group consisted of 24 patients (one man and 23 women) with active lupus. Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), anti-02 glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-beta2 GPI IgM and IgG) and red cell parameters: haemoglobin level (Hb), erythrocytes (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin mass (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and ferritin level were measured before beginning or intensification of treatment. The activity of SLE was measured by SLEDAI and C3 complements. The patients were divided into two subgroups: subgroup with aCL-IgG above 20 u/ml and below 20 u/ml. In patients with aCL-IgG above 20 u/ml the mean Hb level was lower, and the mean ferritin level was significantly higher than in patients with aCL-IgG level below 20 u/ml. We observed a negative, significant correlations between Hb and aCL-IgG (p = 0.01; R = -0.47) and between Hb and anti-32 GPI IgG (p = 0,0003; R = -0,67) and a negative correlation between Hb and activity of SLE estimated by SLEDAI (p = 0.02; R = -0.45) and positive between Hb and C3 complement (p = 0.02; R = +0.5). In conclusion: antiphospholipid antibodies presence in patients with SLE can influence the severity of anaemia.     

低剂量亚慢性砷中毒家兔血液常规检查指标观察

目的 观察低剂量亚慢性砷中毒家兔血液常规检查指标的变化,为筛选低砷暴露的早期损伤指标提供依据.方法 将12只健康雄性家兔按体质量随机分为对照组和3个亚砷酸钠(NaAsO2)染毒组(低、中、高剂量组),每组3只.对照组家兔饮用自来水,3个染毒组分别饮用含砷量为10、50、250μg/L的自来水溶液.8周时于家兔耳缘静脉取50μl抗凝血,用ABX-60型全自动血细胞分析仪测定白细胞系统[白细胞(WBC)、淋巴细胞绝对值(LYM)、淋巴细胞百分比(LYM%)、中性粒细胞绝对值(GRA)、中性粒细胞百分比(GRA%)、单核细胞绝对值(MON)、单核细胞百分比(MON%)]、红细胞系统[红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞比积(HCT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)]、血小板系统[血小板(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板压积(PCT)和血小板分布宽度(PDW)],共18项指标.结果 各染毒组WBC、GRA、GRA%与对照组相比有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组间PLT、MPV比较,差异有统计学意义(F值分别为4.07、4.20,P<0.05),其中高剂量组PLT[(221.33±22.50)×109L]明显低于对照组[(292.00±16.97)×109/L,P<0.05],中剂量组MPV[(5.57±0.46)fL]也明显低于对照组[(7.10±0.99)fL,P<0.05];其余指标变化不明显.结论 低剂量亚慢性砷中毒可造成家兔血液系统改变,血液常规检查可作为砷中毒的早期损伤指标.