腹腔镜结直肠癌术后住院期间肠梗阻的荟萃分析

目的用荟萃分析（meta—analysis）的方法对已发表的比较结直肠癌腹腔镜手术和开腹手术后住院期间肠梗阻发生率的临床研究进行定量分析。方法收集1989年1月-2008年3月公开发表的比较结直肠癌患者腹腔镜手术和开腹手术后住院期间肠梗阻的发生情况的所有随机对照研究（randomized controlled trials，RCT），按照荟萃分析的要求对检索到的原始研究的质量进行评估，对符合条件的所有研究结果进行荟萃分析，计算腹腔镜手术组相对开腹手术组发生肠梗阻危险的优势比（oddsratio，OR），评价腹腔镜手术和开腹手术对患者术后住院期间肠梗阻发生率的影响。结果符合纳入标准的共12篇文章，总样本量3032例。其中腹腔镜手术组1522例，发生住院期间肠梗阻33例；开腹手术组1510例，发生住院期间肠梗阻71例；合并OR=0．46，95％可信区间0．30～0．69。结论相对于开腹结直肠癌手术，腹腔镜结直肠癌手术可以降低术后住院期间肠梗阻的发生率。     

Deep Infiltrating Colorectal Endometriosis Treated With Robotic-Assisted Rectosigmoidectomy

Background and Objective:

Deep infiltrating pelvic endometriosis with bowel involvement is one of the most aggressive forms of endometriosis. Nowadays, robotic technology and telemanipulation systems represent the latest developments in minimally invasive surgery. The aim of this study is to present our preliminary results and evaluate the feasibility of robotic-assisted laparoscopic colorectal resection for severe endometriosis.

Methods:

Between September 2009 and December 2011, 10 women with colorectal endometriosis underwent surgery with the da Vinci robotic surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). We evaluated the following parameters: short-term complications, clinical outcomes and long-term follow-up, pain relief recurrence rate, and fertility outcomes.

Results:

Extensive ureterolysis was required in 8 women (80%). Ovarian cystectomy with removal of the cystic wall was performed in 7 women (70%). Torus resection was performed in all women, with unilateral and bilateral uterosacral ligament resection in 1 woman (10%) and 8 women (80%), respectively. In addition to segmental colorectal resection in all cases, partial vaginal resection was necessary in 2 women (20%). An appendectomy was performed in 2 patients (20%). The mean operative time with the robot was 157 minutes (range, 90–190 minutes). The mean hospital stay was 3 days. Six patients had infertility before surgery, with a mean infertility time of 2 years. After a 12-month follow-up period, 4 women (67%) conceived naturally and 2 (33%) underwent in vitro fertilization.

Conclusion:

We show that robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of deep infiltrating bowel endometriosis is feasible, effective, and safe.     

Risk factors for bowel resection and outcome in patients with incarcerated groin hernias

Purpose

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for bowel resection and outcome in patients with incarcerated groin hernias.

Methods

The records of all adult patients who had undergone emergency hernia repair for incarcerated groin hernia from January 1999 to June 2009 were analyzed. One hundred and eighty-two patients with incarcerated groin hernias were included in this study. Bowel resection was required in 28 patients (15.4%).

Results

One hundred and twenty-six patients (69.2%) were covered by various types of health insurance. Twenty-six patients (14.3%) were hospitalized for mechanical bowel obstruction or had obvious symptoms of simultaneous bowel obstruction. Obvious peritonitis was found in seven patients (3.8%). A logistic regression model identified three independent risk factors for bowel resection: lack of health insurance (odds ratio [OR], 5, P = 0.005), obvious peritonitis (OR, 11.52, P = 0.019), and femoral hernia (OR, 8.31, P < 0.001). Postoperative complications (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.478, P < 0.001), presentation of bowel obstruction on admission (SC = 0.169, P = 0.017), and having health insurance (SC = 0.153, P = 0.030) were associated with prolonged length of stay. No factors were found to be directly associated with morbidity or mortality.

Conclusions

Risk for intestinal resection in emergency groin hernia repair is higher in patients with femoral hernia, obvious peritonitis, or those with no health insurance. Surgeons should pay more attention to these patients and initiate emergency surgery without delay.     

Comparison of the Short-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic and Open Resections for Colorectal Cancer in Patients with a History of Prior Median Laparotomy

This study aimed to investigate the short-term outcomes of laparoscopic resection in comparison with those of open resection for colorectal cancer in patients with a history of prior median laparotomy (PML). Eighty-seven consecutive patients (87/1121, 7.8 %) with a history of PML who underwent major colorectal cancer resection were enrolled (laparoscopy, n?=?40; open, n?=?47). The conversion rate to open surgery was 25 % (n?=?10). The laparoscopy group had a higher proportion of female patients (57.5 vs. 36.2 %), a lower rate of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score for physical status of ≥3 (7.5 vs. 25.5 %), and a lower pT4 tumor rate (15 vs. 38.3 %) than the open resection group. Regarding the reasons for PML, radical hysterectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for gynecologic cancer was more common (32.5 vs. 4.3 %), but gastrointestinal surgeries, such as gastrectomy and colectomy, were less frequent in the laparoscopy group. Regarding intraoperative outcomes, the laparoscopy group showed a similar operative time (197 vs. 204 min), intraoperative enterotomy rate (2.5 vs. 2.1 %), and bowel resection rate (2.5 vs. 2.1 %) with the open resection group. Regarding postoperative outcomes, the laparoscopy group showed a lower complication rate (20 vs. 40.4 %), significantly reduced time to soft diet (5 vs. 7 days), and shorter hospital stay (12 vs. 18 days). Despite the high rate of open conversion, favorable short-term outcomes were observed in the laparoscopic group. Laparoscopy may be chosen as the primary approach in selected patients with a history of non-gastrointestinal PML (prior abdominal surgery for gynecological cancer).     

Oncologic safety of stent as bridge to surgery compared to emergency radical surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer obstruction

Background

There are still concerns about the oncologic safety of stent insertion for colorectal cancer obstruction. This study investigated whether the use of stents as a bridge to surgery negatively affect the long-term outcome compared to curative surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer obstruction.

Methods

Between January 2004 and December 2009, patients with left-sided colorectal cancer obstruction without distant metastasis were retrospectively reviewed. Forty-three patients underwent radical resection after preoperative stent insertion (stent group), whereas 48 underwent emergency surgery with curative intent (surgery group). The short- and long-term outcomes between the two groups were compared.

Results

The stent and surgery groups had similar demographics. There were no significant differences in primary anastomosis, laparoscopic-assisted surgery, operation time, time until first defecation and oral intake after surgery, postoperative hospital stay, and reoperation. The stent group had an average hospital stay 7 days longer than the surgery group. During the median follow-up period of 48.1 months, the 5-year disease-free survival rates were not significantly different between the stent and surgery groups (47.2 vs. 48.9 %, respectively; p = 0.499). Overall, the 5-year survival rate was also similar in the two groups (70.4 vs. 76.4 %, respectively; p = 0.941).

Conclusions

For left-sided colorectal cancer obstruction, stent insertion followed by surgery showed short-term advantages and similar oncologic outcomes compared to surgery without preoperative intervention. Stent insertion as a bridge to surgery is a safe and feasible treatment option for patients with colorectal cancer obstruction.     

Evaluation of the necessity of primary tumor resection for synchronous metastatic colorectal cancer

Purpose

We evaluated the need for primary tumor resection in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and synchronous unresectable metastases who underwent chemotherapy, and identified the associations between the primary tumor characteristics and risk of intestinal obstruction or perforation.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the survival and complication rates of patients with synchronous metastatic CRC treated between April 2005 and December 2011.

Results

Of 131 patients, 68 underwent primary tumor resection before chemotherapy, and 63 were treated without resection before chemotherapy. The overall survival (OS) did not significantly differ between the two groups (log-rank P = 0.53). In the resection group, 12 patients (17.6 %) developed postoperative complications. In the non-resection group, 16 patients (25.4 %) required surgical intervention owing to obstruction or perforation during their treatment. Surgical intervention did not affect the OS. A circumferential tumor was a risk factor for obstruction or perforation of the colorectum in non-resected patients (odds ratio = 11.163; P = 0.006).

Conclusion

Resection of primary tumors before chemotherapy is unnecessary in selected patients with synchronous metastatic colorectal cancer. A circumferential tumor is a risk factor for obstruction or perforation during chemotherapy in cases without primary tumor resection.     

Efficacy of laparoscopic resection in elderly patients with colorectal cancer

Purpose

The perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in elderly patients were compared with those of open surgery in elderly patients and those of laparoscopic surgery in nonelderly patients to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods

The data of the patients who underwent surgical resection for colorectal cancer between January 2007 and September 2012 were retrospectively collected. The clinical backgrounds and outcomes of elderly patients (≥70 years of age) who underwent laparoscopic surgery (EL group) were compared with those of elderly patients who underwent open surgery (EO group) and those of nonelderly patients (<70 years of age) who underwent laparoscopic surgery (NL group).

Results

Compared with the EO group, the EL group showed significantly less blood loss (15 versus 100 ml), fewer postoperative complications (10.7 versus 36.7 %), earlier resumption of an oral diet (4 versus 5 days) and shorter postoperative hospital stays (16 versus 28 days). A case-matched analysis showed similar results. All perioperative outcomes were equivalent between the EL and NL groups.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery in elderly patients with cancer was not only superior to open surgery in elderly patients, but also equivalent to laparoscopic surgery in nonelderly patients in terms of the postoperative outcomes.     

Laparoscopic segmental colorectal resection for endometriosis: limits and complications

Background Deep pelvic endometriosis with colorectal involvement is a complex disorder often requiring segmental bowel resection. This study investigated the limits and complications of laparoscopic segmental colorectal resection. Methods Laparoscopic segmental colorectal resection was performed for 71 women with bowel endometriosis. Intra- and postoperative complications were evaluated, together with symptom outcomes, by means of questionnaires completed before and after surgery. Surgical procedures and complications were compared between the first part of the study (40 cases, previously published) and the second part (31 cases). Results Of the 71 women, 64 (90%) underwent laparoscopic segmental colorectal resection, with 7 requiring laparoconversion. Major complications occurred in nine cases (12.6%), six with rectovaginal fistulae and three with pelvic abscesses. The mean operating time decreased significantly during the study (p < 0.05). The mean follow-up period after colorectal resection was 24.4 ± 2.2 months. No differences in the rates of laparoconversion or complications were observed between the two periods, whereas major associated surgical procedures were more frequent during the second period. Dysmenorrhea (p < 0.0001), dyspareunia (p = 0.0001), pain at defecation (p = 0.0004), bowel movement pain or cramping (p < 0.0001), lower back pain (p < 0.0001), and asthenia (p < 0.0001) were improved after the operation, with no difference between the study periods. Conclusion This large series confirms the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic segmental colorectal resection. However, women must be informed of the risk for potentially severe complications.     

支架植入治疗左半结肠直肠癌所致的急性梗阻

目的：探讨肠道支架放置对左半结肠直肠癌所致的急性梗阻之治疗效果和安全性。方法：对2000年5月～2006年6月收治的42例左半结肠直肠癌所致的急性梗阻进行临时性或姑息性支架放置：观察支架植入后梗阻缓解情况和并发症。结果：42例中34例支架植入成功（81．0％）．24h内的临床梗阻缓解率为94．1％（32／34）．全组无死亡发生。术后并发结肠穿孔和食物残渣堵塞支架各1例，均改作Hartmann手术；支架移位和肛门疼痛各2例。18例经过肠道准备和全身支持治疗后再行根治性手术；另14例支架植入属永久性姑息性治疗。结论：肠道支架植入对左半结肠、直肠癌所致的急性梗阻是一种安全有效的临时过渡性或永久性姑息性治疗手段，可借以免除急诊结肠造瘘术。     

Colonic Endolumenal Stenting Devices and Elective Surgery Versus Emergency Subtotal/Total Colectomy in the Management of Malignant Obstructed Left Colon Carcinoma

Background

Traditionally, left-sided acute bowel obstruction is treated by a staged procedure because immediate resection and anastomosis in a massive distended and unprepared colon carries a high complication rate. Total abdominal colectomy is a one-stage procedure that will remove synchronous proximal neoplasms, reduce the risk of subsequent metachronous tumor, and avoid stoma. Colorectal stents are being used for palliation and as a bridge to surgery in obstructing colorectal carcinoma, making elective surgery straightforward, enabling easily mobilization and resection of the colon with a possible trend toward reduction in postoperative complication rates compared to emergency surgery. The purpose of this work was to compare the procedures of endoscopic stenting followed by elective colectomy versus total abdominal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis in the management of acute obstructed carcinoma of the left colon as regards feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes

Methods

From January 2009 through May 2012, 60 patients were randomized to either emergency stenting followed by elective resection (ESER group) or total abdominal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis (TACIR group).

Results

Twenty nine patients (96.7 %) had successful stenting and underwent elective surgery 7–10 days later (ESER group). Postoperative complications were encountered in four patients in the ESER group compared to 15 patients in the TACIR group (p?=?0.012). Anastomotic leakage was encountered in one patient (3.3 %) in the TACIR group. There were no operative mortalities in the present study. Within the first three postoperative months, the TACIR group patients had significantly more frequent bowel motions per day compared to the ESER group patients although (p?=?0.013). In both study groups, the follow-up duration ranged from 6 to 40 months with a median of 18 months. Recurrent disease was encountered in five patients (17.2 %) in the ESER group compared to four patients (13.3 %) in the TACIR group (p?=?0.228).

Conclusion

Both techniques are feasible, safe, and produce comparable oncological outcomes. However, endoscopic stenting followed by elective resection was associated with significantly less postoperative complications and bowel motions per day.     

Bowel Obstruction after Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Background: Bowel obstruction has been frequently reported after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP). The aim of this study was to review our experience with bowel obstruction following LRYGBP, specifically examining its etiology and management and to strategize maneuvers to minimize this complication. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 9 patients who developed postoperative bowel obstruction after LRYGBP. Each chart was reviewed for demographics, timing of bowel obstruction from the primary operation, etiology of obstruction, and management. Results: 9 of our initial 225 patients (4%) who underwent LRYGBP developed postoperative bowel obstruction. The mean age was 46 ± 12 years, with mean BMI 47 ± 9 kg/m². 6 patients developed early bowel obstruction, and 3 patients developed late bowel obstruction. The mean time interval for development of early bowel obstruction was 16 ±16 days. The causes for early bowel obstruction included narrowing of the jejunojenunostomy anastomosis (n=3), angulation of the Roux limb (n=2), and obstruction of the Roux limb at the level of the transverse mesocolon (n=1). The mean time interval for development of late bowel obstruction was 7.4 ± 0.5 months. The causes for late bowel obstruction included internal herniation (n=2) and adhesions (n=1). 6 of 9 bowel obstructions (66%) were considered technically related to the learning curve of the laparoscopic approach. Eight of the 9 patients required operative intervention, and 6 of the 8 reoperations were managed laparoscopically. Management included laparoscopic bypass of the jejunojejunostomy obstruction site (n=5), open reduction of internal hernia (n=2), and laparoscopic lysis of adhesion (n=1). Conclusions: Bowel obstruction is a frequent complication after LRYGBP, particularly during the learn ing curve of the laparoscopic approach. Specific measures should be instituted to minimize bowel obstruction after LRYGBP as most of these complications are considered technically preventable.     

镍钛记忆合金支架与腹腔镜手术联合治疗结直肠癌伴肠梗阻34例分析

目的探讨结直肠癌伴肠梗阻微创治疗新方法。方法对结直肠癌伴肠梗阻34例患者,先在结肠镜引导下置入记忆合金肠道支架解除梗阻,再经充分肠道准备后,腹腔镜下施行根治性切除手术。结果 34例患者手术时间160～340min,平均210min;术后胃肠功能恢复时间2～4d,平均2.1d。术后出现吻合口漏1例,切口感染2例,经保守治疗治愈。TNMⅡ期患者5例,术后住院7～12d,平均8.2d;Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者29例,术后5-FU/LV或FOLFOX4方案化疗。随访26例,时间3～36个月,平均15个月,1例死于广泛转移,其他25例无局部复发、切口肿瘤种植及吻合口狭窄。结论记忆合金支架与腹腔镜手术联合治疗结直肠癌伴肠梗阻具有微创、安全、恢复快、疗效好等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

Safety of polypropylene mesh for incarcerated groin and obturator hernias: a retrospective study of 110 patients

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mesh repair for an incarcerated groin hernia.

Methods

A total of 110 patients who underwent emergency surgery for incarcerated hernias were retrospectively analyzed using a multivariate analysis.

Results

The postoperative complications were associated with bowel resection, odds ratio (OR) 2.984, and 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.273 to 6.994. The risk factors for bowel resection were femoral hernia, (OR 5.621, 95 % CI 2.243 to 14.082), and late hospitalization (24 h<), (OR 2.935, 95 % CI 1.163–7.406). The hernias were repaired with mesh in ten of the 39 (25.6 %) patients with bowel resection and sixty-four of the 71 (90.1 %) patients without bowel resection. The complication rate of the patients with bowel resection was 53.8 % and was 26.8 % in those without. The ratios of wound infection were 23.1 and 0.0 %, respectively. Wound infections were detected in two (20 %) of the ten patients who underwent bowel resection with mesh repair; however, there were no patients in whom the mesh was withdrawn due to infection.

Conclusions

No wound infections in patients without bowel resection were detected, and mesh repair could be safely performed. Mesh repair for the patients with bowel resection is not contraindicated, as long as the clean-contamination of the wound was maintained during surgery.     

Morbidity Associated with Colostomy Reversal After Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC

Background

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has improved the survival in selected colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal metastases. In these patients, the risk of a low anastomosis is sometimes diminished through the creation of a colostomy. Currently, the morbidity and mortality associated with the reversal of the colostomy in this population is unknown.

Methods

Our study involved two prospectively collected databases including all patients who underwent CRS–HIPEC. We identified all consecutive patients who had a colostomy and requested a reversal. The associations between four clinical and ten treatment-related factors with the outcome of the reversal procedure were determined by univariate analysis.

Results

21 of 336 patients (6.3 %) with a stoma with a mean age of 50.8 (standard deviation 10.2) years underwent a reversal procedure. One patient was classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade III, 6 as ASA grade II, and the remaining as ASA grade I. Median time elapsed between HIPEC and reversal was 394 days (range 133–1194 days). No life-threatening complications or mortality were observed after reversal. The reversal-related morbidity was 67 %. Infectious complications were observed in 7 patients (33 %). Infectious complications after HIPEC were negatively correlated with the ultimate restoration of bowel continuity (P = 0.05). Bowel continuity was successfully restored in 71 % of the patients.

Conclusions

Although the restoration of bowel continuity after CRS–HIPEC was successful in most patients, a relatively high complication rate was observed. Patients with infectious complications after HIPEC have a diminished chance of successful restoration of bowel continuity.     

Comparison of treatment outcomes of endoscopic stenting for colonic and extracolonic malignant obstruction

Background

Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) have been used as a bridging or palliative treatment for malignant colorectal obstruction. Colonic obstruction also may arise from advanced extracolonic malignancy, but the clinical outcomes of stent placement for extracolonic malignancy are unclear. This study compared the clinical outcomes of SEMS between patients with colorectal cancer and those with extracolonic malignancy.

Methods

Patients who underwent endoscopic SEMS placement for a malignant colorectal obstruction were enrolled at Seoul National University Hospital from April 2005 and August 2011. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed in terms of success rate, complications, and duration of stent patency.

Results

Endoscopic SEMS placements were performed for colorectal cancer in 149 patients and for extracolonic malignancy in 60 patients. The causes of obstruction in extracolonic malignancy were advanced gastric cancer in 39 patients (65 %), pancreatic cancer in nine patients (15 %), ovarian cancer in three patients (5 %) and other causes in nine patients (15 %). The clinical success rates were similar between the two groups (92.6 vs 86.7 %; p = 0.688), and multivariate analysis showed no significant risk factor for unsuccessful endoscopic SEMS placement. Reobstruction in palliative endoscopic SEMS placement occurred for 16 patients with colorectal cancer (21.9 %) and 18 patients with extracolonic malignancy (30 %) during a median follow-up period of 90 days (p = 0.288). The rates did not differ significantly between the two groups (4.1 vs 8.3 %; p = 0.467). The median duration of stent patency was 193 ± 42 days for the patients with colorectal cancer and 186 ± 31 days for the patients with extracolonic malignancy (p = 0.253). The duration of stent patency was not affected by underlying malignancy, previous surgery, or palliative chemotherapy.

Conclusions

Endoscopic SEMS placement is highly effective and comparable for palliation of obstruction in extracolonic malignancy and colorectal cancer in terms of clinical success, complications, and duration of patency.     

Endoscopic resection as the first-line treatment for early colorectal cancer: comparison with surgery

Introduction

Endoscopic resection has emerged as an alternative therapeutic option for selected cases of early colorectal cancer. However, even now, few data are available on the comparative effectiveness of endoscopic versus surgical resection of early colorectal cancer. The aim of our study was to compare the clinical outcomes in patients with early colorectal cancer who underwent endoscopic resection and those who underwent surgical resection.

Methods

292 early colorectal cancer lesions in 287 patients who were treated with either endoscopic resection or colorectal surgery (open or laparoscopic colorectal resection) between January 2005 and December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. After excluding 54 deep submucosal lesions [and/or tumor budding (Grade 2 or 3)], a total of 168 lesions with mucosal/superficial submucosal invasion were treated by endoscopic resection, and 70 lesions with mucosal/superficial submucosal invasion were treated by colorectal surgery.

Results

In the endoscopic resection group, the en bloc resection rate and the complete resection rate were 91.1 and 91.1 %, respectively. In the colorectal surgery group, both the en bloc resection rate and the curative resection rate were 100 %. However, using Log rank test in Kaplan–Meier curve, no significant difference in recurrence rate (including metachronous cancer) during the median follow-up period of 37 months (range, 6–98 months) was observed between the two groups (p = 0.647). In addition, a similar morbidity rate was observed for endoscopic resection compared with surgery (5.4 vs. 5.7 %, p = 0.760). A significantly shorter hospital stay was observed in the endoscopic resection group than colorectal surgery group [median 2 days (range, 2–29) vs. median 10 days (range, 7–37), p < 0.001).

Conclusion

We suggest that endoscopic resection, being equally effective but less invasive than surgery, can be the first-line treatment for well selected early colorectal cancer.     

Trends in Demographics and Management of Obstructing Colorectal Cancer

Introduction

Obstructing colorectal cancer (CRC) has an aggressive clinical course and poorer prognosis. With the increasing incidence and differing clinical and pathologic spectrum of CRC among Black patients, as well as a paucity of African studies, regional analysis is required. Our aim was to describe the demographics and management of obstructing CRC among the different racial groups in South Africa and to compare these parameters with international standards.

Patients and methods

Patients referred to Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa, with CRC between 2000 and 2012 were followed prospectively. Demographic information, site of obstruction, and management of patients who underwent emergency surgery for malignant large bowel obstruction were analyzed separately.

Results

CRC was diagnosed in 1,425 patients. A total of 203 three patients (14.3 %) required emergent treatment for acute large bowel obstruction. The mean age at presentation with obstructing CRC was 59 years. Black patients presented significantly younger (50 years) than White (64), Indian (60), or Colored (61) patients (p < 0.001). The most common sites of obstruction were the sigmoid colon and rectum. A total of 58 patients (29 %) had concomitant metastatic disease. No difference was found between race, sex, and sex per race in patients with concurrent metastatic disease (p = 0.227, p = 0.415, p = 0.798, respectively). Of the 203 patients, 128 (63 %) were managed by resection, 37 (18 %) by colonic stenting, 35 (17 %) by colostomy, and 3 (2 %) by colonic bypass. Stenting was unsuccessful in six patients.

Conclusion

Tumor location of patients presenting with obstruction is comparable to that cited in international literature; however, the age of presentation among Black patients is more than a decade earlier than in other ethnic groups. Surgical management should be individualized. Stenting remains a reliable alternative in select cases.     

Simultaneous resection for colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases

Purposes

The correct timing of hepatectomy in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical value of simultaneous resection (SR) for patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases.

Methods

Between January 2006 and December 2013, 158 patients underwent resection of primary colorectal cancer and liver metastases. Sixty-three patients possessed synchronous colorectal liver metastases. Of those with synchronous colorectal liver metastases, 41 patients (65 %) underwent SR, and 22 (35 %) underwent delayed resection (DR). The clinicopathologic and operative data and the surgical outcomes of the patients in the SR and DR groups were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

The type of primary/liver resection, liver resection time, total blood loss volume, R0 resection rate, and morbidity rate were similar between the two groups. The SR group was associated with a shorter total postoperative hospital stay (21 vs 32 days, p < 0.001). However, the overall survival rate was similar between the two groups (3-year survival, 65.6 % in the SR group versus 66.8 % in the DR group, p = 0.054).

Conclusion

Simultaneous resection of colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases is associated with a comparable morbidity rate and shorter hospital stay, even when following rectal resection and major hepatectomy.

     

Diagnosis and treatment of rectal and sigmoid endometriosis

From October 1989 to September 1994 six resections of the bowel were performed for colorectal endometriosis. Five of, the patients, with a mean age of 32 years, presented clinical features. In all cases, colonoscopy showed a normal mucosa. All patients treated by hormonetherapy relapsed. The resection was segmental with immediate end-to-end anastomosis in 5 cases and partial in 1 case. In three cases, endometriosis of the genital tract was associated and treated during the initial laparotomy. One low rectosigmoid anastomosis fistulised. Rectosigmoid endometriosis accounts for 70% of bowel localisations and genital endometriosis is associated in 80% of cases. Deep and clinical rectosigmoid endometriosis does not respond to hormonetherapy and requires bowel resection. The pelvis should be explored and genital tract endometriosis treated. Postoperative hormonetherapy should be considered after initial surgery.     

Combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery may be an alternative to bowel resection for the management of colon polyps not removable by standard colonoscopy

Background

Benign colon polyps may require bowel resection if endoscopic polypectomy cannot be performed to assess adequately for cancer. However, endoscopic removal still may be possible using combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery (CELS). The CELS procedure allows for intra- and extraluminal manipulation of the bowel wall to facilitate polyp removal, thereby avoiding bowel resection. This study evaluated the authors’ institutional experience with CELS in this patient population.

Methods

Between August 2008 and October 2012, all patients referred to undergo surgery for a benign colon polyp were retrospectively reviewed for operative characteristics, pathology, and postoperative outcomes. Of 14 patients, five were considered candidates for CELS and were compared with nine patients who underwent resection.

Results

The average patient age was similar between the two groups (CELS, 64.9 years vs. resection, 68.3 years). The mean polyp size was 2.3 cm in the CELS group and 2.9 cm in the resection group. In the CELS group, polyps were successfully removed in all cases. The mean operating room time was 159 min in the CELS group and 205 min in the resection group. The median hospital stay was 1 day in the CELS group and 5 days in the resection group. No complications occurred in the CELS group. Two patients in the resection group (22 %) experienced a wound infection. One patient had a postoperative ileus (11 %). Four patients in the CELS group had a benign adenoma. One patient had a benign frozen section evaluation, but the final pathology showed adenocarcinoma requiring a subsequent colectomy. In the resection group, six patients had a benign adenoma, and three patients had a T1N0 cancer. In the CELS group, repeat endoscopy was performed an average of 9.9 months after CELS. Two patients had a residual polyp, and two patients had new polyps in a different location. All were successfully removed.

Conclusion

For benign-appearing polyps not amenable to endoscopic techniques alone, CELS may be an alternative to formal bowel resection for carefully selected patients. The CELS procedure can be performed safely with minimal morbidity and with outcomes that compare favorably with those of formal colectomy.