合并符合新诊断标准的左束支阻滞的慢性心力衰竭患者应用心脏再同步化治疗的疗效分析

目的:分析慢性心力衰竭患者合并符合新诊断标准的左束支阻滞(LBBB)(真性LBBB)能否从心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)中更能获益。方法:研究入选2005-06至2013-05接受CRT的19例患者,依据术前体表心电图QRS波的形态,符合新诊断标准即为真性LBBB组(n=13),符合传统诊断标准即为假性LBBB组(n=6);比较所有入选患者CRT术前与术后左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、QRS波时限(QRSd)及心室间机械延迟时间(IVMD);同时比较两组患者术后LVEF、LVEDD、QRSd、IVMD、16节段达最小收缩末容积时间标准差(Tmsv16-SD)及16节段达最小收缩末容积时间的最大差值(Tmsv16-Dif)有无差异。结果:两组患者在CRT术后的LVEF、LVEDD、IVMD及QRSd均较术前有明显的改善;而且与假性LBBB组比,真性LBBB组的LVEDD[(5.95±0.72)mm vs(7.13±0.78)mm,P0.01]、IVMD[(22.45±8.00)ms vs(27.63±13.09)ms,P0.01]及QRSd[(140.38±5.80)ms vs(153.68±14.38)ms,P0.01]改善更明显;术后两组患者的Tmsv16-SD、Tmsv16-Dif及LVEF的差异均无统计学意义。结论:合并真性LBBB和假性LBBB的心力衰竭患者均能从CRT中获益,合并真性LBBB的心力衰竭患者获益更明显。     

QRS时限和形态对心脏再同步治疗效果的影响

目的:探讨心电图QRS时限和形态对心脏再同步治疗(CRT)效果的影响。方法:入选植入CRT/D装置的患者272例,依据术前心电图QRS时限将其分为轻度延长(120~149ms)组、中度延长(150~179ms)组和重度延长(≥180ms)组,比较3组患者CRT反应情况;依据左束支阻滞(LBBB)诊断新标准,将患者分为真性LBBB组和假性LBBB组,比较两组患者CRT反应情况。结果:QRS时限中度(62.8%)、重度(54.3%)延长组CRT反应率优于轻度(49.6%)延长组;真性LBBB组CRT反应率优于假性LBBB组(64.3%︰52.9%)。多因素分析显示宽QRS波和真性LBBB与CRT反应率增加有关。结论:QRS时限中、重度延长组患者CRT反应率优于轻度延长组,而中度和重度延长组患者间CRT反应率无明显差别;真性LBBB组CRT反应率优于假性LBBB组。     

左束支传导阻滞不同定义的心电图形态及其对心脏再同步治疗的影响

左束支传导阻滞(LBBB)是推荐心力衰竭患者进行心脏再同步治疗(CRT)的重要心电图指标, 但目前LBBB的心电图定义尚未统一。本综述对5种常见的LBBB定义及其对CRT疗效的预测价值进行总结, 揭示不同定义在QRS时限、V1导联r波、切迹或顿挫和Ⅰ、V5、V6导联形态等多方面存在的争议, 因而影响CRT最佳适应人群的筛选。在生理性起搏时代, 有必要对心电图特征与左束支真正完全阻滞之间的关系进行更深入地探讨, 以提高CRT疗效、实现个性化治疗。     

束支阻滞类型对心脏再同步治疗效果的影响

目的 探讨不同类型束支阻滞对心脏再同步治疗(CRT)效果的影响.方法 159例难治性心力衰竭患者接受CRT治疗,其中6例已植入永久起搏器,其余153例患者根据体表心电图QRS波形态分为左束支阻滞(LBBB)、右束支阻滞(RBBB)、非特异性室内阻滞(IVCD)、右束支伴左侧分支阻滞(RBBB伴LHB)及室内伴左侧分支阻滞(IVCD伴LHB)5组,比较植入术前及术后6个月心功能(NYHA分级)、QRS时限、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)等指标的差异.结果 153例患者年龄21～ 84(61.43±12.54)岁,其中男118例,女35例.LBBB组治疗后心功能(3.13±0.55对2.84±0.65)、QRS时限[173.37±28.54)ms对(156.29±22.25)ms]及LVEF[(0.31±0.07)对(0.39±0.09)]、LVEDD[(73.09± 10.81) mm对(68.18± 11.36) mm]、LVESD[(61.38±11.60)mm对(55.20±13.25)mm]等均明显改善(P＜0.01).RBBB组治疗后各项指标未得到显著改善(P＞0.05),IVCD组与RBBB伴LHB组治疗后LVEF显著提高,LVEDD缩小(P＜0.05),而IVCD伴LHB组除QRS时限外,心功能、LVEF、LVEDD、LVESD等指标均得以改善(P＜0.05).此外,RBBB组与IVCD组超声心动图指标的改变不及LBBB组(P＜0.05),而RBBB伴LHB组及IVCD组超声心动图指标改善程度与LBBB组相近(P＞0.05).应用Cox回归分析显示LBBB者较其他束支阻滞类型生存期长(风险比0.30,95％可信区间0.12～0.77,P＜0.01).结论 LBBB者对CRT的反应性优于RBBB者,IVCD者疗效可能介于两者之间,而RBBB伴LHB或IVCD者疗效优于单纯RBBB或IVCD者.     

真性与非真性左束支阻滞患者心功能情况比较

目的研究符合Strauss新标准完全性左束支阻滞(CLBBB)在普通人群中的分布,为进一步明确心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)适应证提供依据。方法回顾性选择本院2009年至2015年住院患者中心电图诊断符合传统LBBB的患者共357例,按是否符合Strauss左束支阻滞新标准分为真性LBBB与非真性LBBB两组,统计并比较两组的年龄、性别、就诊科室分布、心血管合并症发生率、左室射血分数(LVEF)、室壁运动情况。结果非真性LBBB组151例,真性LBBB组206例。与非真性LBBB组比较,真性LBBB组年龄更小[(71.0±12.1)岁vs(73.9±10.0)岁],临床诊断心力衰竭的比例更低(11.7%vs 19.2%),室间隔厚度更高[(10.4±1.7)mm vs(9.8±1.6)mm],LVEF0.35的比例更低(2.4%vs 7.3%)。结论符合Strauss LBBB新标准患者,行CRT时,将更加受益。     

QRS波与心脏再同步化治疗疗效的相关性

心脏再同步化治疗（CRT）是部分充血性心力衰竭的有效治疗手段之一。然而,临床实践中30％～50％的患者疗效不佳。现有研究提示,QRS波时限≥150ms者可获益于CRT,QRS波时限〈120ms者即便存在不同步证据也似乎不能从CRT治疗获益。而且,非左束支传导阻滞（LBBB）图形患者的CRT获益证据少于呈LBBB图形者。据此,新近指南对CRT适应证进行了更新,强调Ⅰ类适应人群需满足QRS波呈LBBB形态且QRS波时限≥150ms。     

心脏再同步化治疗晚期扩张型心肌病13例的效果

目的: 观察心脏再同步化治疗（CRT）晚期充血性心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法: 晚期扩张型心肌病患者13例接受CRT,NYHA心功能分级为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级,左室射血分数（LVEF）为（27.4±9.7）%,左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）为(72.8±9.6)mm,QRS时限为( 137.8＋30.4)ms。术后观察QRS时限的变化,随访左室电极起博阈值、心功能分级、LVEF及LVEDD。结果: 术后QRS时限减少为（123.8±17.1）ms。所有患者随访3～38月,左室电极慢性阈值为（1.1±0.6）V/0.4 ms。与术前相比,NYHA心功能分级从(3.4±0.5)降低为(1.5±0.9); LVEF从(27.4±9.7)%上升至(43.5±18.5)%(P<0.05);LVEDD从(72.8±9.6)mm缩小为(65.5±11.6)mm（P<0.05）。结论: CRT可改善心功能,提高LVEF,并可逆转左心室重构。     

伴右束支传导阻滞的心力衰竭患者行心脏再同步化治疗疗效欠佳的相关因素分析

目的分析伴右束支传导阻滞(RBBB)者心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)疗效欠佳的可能影响因素。方法 209例接受CRT的患者,根据其术前QRS波形态分为左束支传导阻滞(LBBB)与RBBB组,比较两组基线临床特征和CRT术后6个月临床心功能、QRS波时限(QRSd)、左室射血分数(LVEF)等心脏超声指标的差异。剔除缺血性心肌病、重度肺动脉高压和QRSd150 ms的病例后,再次比较两组间CRT疗效差异。结果与LBBB组比较,RBBB组缺血性心肌病占比较高(26.0%vs 11.3%),肺动脉收缩压亦高[(50.14±17.10)mmHg vs(44.27±15.16)mmHg],QRSd则较窄[(152.36±26.84)ms vs(162.92±29.67)ms](P0.05)。CRT术后6个月,LBBB组临床心功能改善、LVEF的提高均显著优于RBBB组(P0.05)。而将缺血性心肌病、重度肺动脉高压和QRSd150ms的病例剔除后,CRT术后两组间各项指标均无差异。结论缺血性心肌病、重度肺动脉高压、相对较窄的QRS波可能是RBBB者CRT疗效欠佳的原因。     

左束支起搏在房室传导阻滞伴射血分数降低患者中的初步应用

目的比较左束支起搏(LBBP)与右心室起搏(RVP)在房室传导阻滞伴射血分数降低患者的起搏参数、安全性及心脏结构与功能改善。方法收集2018年3月至2021年3月期间在温州医科大学附属第一医院心内科诊断为房室传导阻滞伴左心室射血分数(LVEF)降低(<50%), 且初次尝试LBBP或原RVP升级LBBP患者;回顾入选我院同时期具有相同入排标准及植入适应证且初次行RVP植入患者。比较两组基线及随访1年时起搏阈值、感知、QRS时限变化、LVEF、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)。结果共入选62例患者, 其中LBBP组34例, 年龄(69.1±16.5)岁, 其中男25例;RVP组28例, 年龄(70.3±16.1)岁, 其中男21例。LBBP组自身及起搏QRS时限分别为(132.1±35.6)ms和(109±21.5)ms, 左束支夺获阈值(0.61±0.37)V/0.5 ms, 感知(9.2±6.4) mV;RVP组自身及起搏QRS时限分别为(136.3±26.6)ms, (167.9±21.1)ms, 阈值(0.73±0.34)V/0.5 ms, 感知(10.4±2.8) mV。...     

单中心左室射血分数小于等于0.35患者宽QRS波时限比例调查及相关因素分析

目的了解国内心力衰竭(简称心衰)患者具有心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)适应证的比例,为进一步有的放矢的更好开展CRT工作提供相关的临床依据。方法连续入选本院门诊或病房就诊的超声心动图测量左室射血分数(LVEF)≤0.35患者,收集其临床资料并同时行12导联心电图检查,测得QRS波群时限,并将心电图表现与患者临床资料进行对比分析。结果 1共入选451例,以扩张型心肌病最常见,占80.3%。2QRS波时限≥120 ms147例(占32.6%),其中,QRS波时限≥120 ms心电图表现类型为左束支阻滞84例(18.6%),心室内阻滞44例(9.8%),右束支阻滞19例(4.2%)。3年龄段30岁、30~39岁、70~79岁、≥80岁QRS波时限与性别无差异,而40~49岁、50~59岁及60~69岁年龄段,女性宽QRS波的比例高于男性。4将QRS波时限分为120 ms、120~135 ms和≥135 ms三组,显示QRS波时限与左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)存在正相关。5QRS波时限与NYHA心功能分级显著相关,QRS波时限越宽,心功能越差。6QRS波时限与LVEF值(分为0.20,0.20~0.30及≥0.30)呈负相关(r=-0.1402,P=0.0028)。结论国内心衰患者存在CRT适应证者的比例并不低,QRS波时限与左室内径、心功能及LVEF值显著相关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.