无创产前筛查后FISH在产前诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术在产前诊断胎儿染色体异常中的临床应用价值和现状。方法对99例孕17-23周、有产前诊断指征(25例经无创产前筛查为阳性)的孕妇,在B超引导下经腹抽取羊水后,应用特异性探针针对未经过培养的羊水间期细胞进行荧光原位杂交。同时进行常规羊水细胞培养和核型分析。结果 FISH和核型分析共检出染色体数目异常21例,异常率为21.2%,分别为15例21-三体、6例18-三体,结果一致;染色体核型分析检测出4例结构异常:46,XX,15ph+、46,XY,add(3)(p26.3)、46,XX,t(7;19)(p15;p13)、46,XX,inv(9)(p11q12)。结论在产前诊断中FISH检测适用于染色体(13,18,21,X,Y)数目异常的的快速诊断,缩短孕妇等待时间,减轻孕妇的焦虑。不能检测出结构异常,不能单独用于产前诊断。     

联合应用多种遗传学方法鉴定1例嵌合型胎儿微小额外标记染色体

目的联合应用染色体微阵列分析(CMA)、荧光原位杂交(FISH)和染色体核型分析对1例嵌合型微小额外标记染色体(sSMC)进行鉴定。方法以2022年深圳市龙华区妇幼保健院无创产前检测(NIPT)提示胎儿染色体4q12-4q13.1区存在8.75 Mb重复的1例孕妇作为研究对象, 采集羊水样本与夫妇双方的外周血样进行染色体G显带核型分析, 用CMA鉴定sSMC的来源和大小, 之后用FISH对羊水中sSMC的嵌合比例进行进一步的确定。结果孕妇外周血G显带染色体核型为46, XX, 其丈夫为46, XY, inv(9)(p12q12), 胎儿为47, XY, inv(9)(p12q12)pat, +mar[75]/46, XY, inv(9)(p12q12)pat[25]。羊水CMA检测结果为arr[hg19]4p11q13.1(48978053₆3145931)×3, 并未显示嵌合。FISH检测经培养的分裂间期的羊水细胞中59%包含3个4号染色体的着丝粒信号, 复抽羊水检查, 有65%的分裂间期羊水细胞包含3个4号染色体着丝粒信号, 证实羊水为三体嵌合体。结论结构异常...     

罕见父源性染色体易位合并21三体综合征家系及文献综述

目的分析患儿及其父母的染色体核型,并对相关文献进行复习,探讨易位型21三体综合征的特点,为遗传咨询提供信息。方法取患儿及其父母外周血淋巴细胞进行培养,用常规G显带技术对中期细胞染色体进行核型分析并复习相关文献资料。结果患儿核型为46,XY,-14,+t(14q;21q),其父亲核型为45,XY,-14,-21,+t(14q;21q),其母亲核型为46,XX。文献复习表明易位型21三体综合征相对较为罕见,三体综合征的产生与生育年龄、有害物质接触史等多种因素有关。结论本家系患儿为易位型21三体携带者,其罗伯逊易位异常染色体可能来源于罗伯逊易位携带者父亲。21三体综合征的产生与多种因素有关,对易位型21三体综合征家系进行核型分析,有利于对患儿父母进行再生育指导和提高人口出生质量。     

用FISH技术快速诊断胎儿常见染色体数目异常

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术在产前诊断中的应用价值.方法采用13、18、21、X和Y染色体特异性DNA探针,对114例孕15～37w孕妇的羊水间期核进行FISH检测,同时行常规羊水细胞核型分析.结果与羊水细胞核型分析相符的染色体正常111例,异常3例,(47,XX 21、47,XY 21和46,XX,-21, t(21;21);另有1例核型为46,XY,t(15;18)(q26;q22),FISH信号显示正常.3例数目异常胎儿引产时抽脐血染色体检查结果与产前诊断一致.结论FISH技术用于产前诊断常见染色体数目异常,具有简便、快速、特异性强等优点,但有一定的局限性.应与常规核型分析相结合方可为临床提供更为真实可靠的信息.     

环状染色体综合征孕妇的遗传学分析及产前诊断

目的 对2例智力低下的孕妇进行细胞及分子遗传学检测，寻找致病原因，并对其胎儿进行产前诊断。方法 收集2例孕妇的临床资料，对其进行外周血细胞染色体G显带核型分析和（或）染色体微阵列分析（CMA），并对其胎儿进行相应的产前诊断。结果 病例1：孕妇外周血染色体核型为46,XX,r(6)(p25.3q27)[82]/45,XX,-6[11]/46,XX,dic r(6;6)(p25.3q27;p25.3q27)[6]/46,XX,-6,+mar[1],CMA结果为arr[hg19]6p25.3(156,974-302,273)×1,6q27(166,612,359-170,914,297)×1；其胎儿羊水细胞染色体核型为46,XN,CMA结果为arr[hg19]16p11.2(29,591,326-30,177,240)×3。病例2：孕妇外周血染色体核型为46,XX,r(13)(p12q34)[77]/46,XX,dic r(13;13)(p12q34;p12q34)[13]/45,XX,-13[9]/46,XX[1]，未行CMA检测；其胎儿羊水细胞染色体核型为46,XN,CMA结果正常。结论...     

染色体罗伯逊易位与女性不良孕产关系探讨

目的研究罗伯逊易位与女性不良孕产史的关系。方法对2008年6月以来在我院妇产科就诊的2482例女性遗传咨询者行外周血染色体核型分析。结果 2482例女性遗传咨询者检出罗伯逊易位携带者18例,占0.73%,其中以rob(13;14)(q10;q10)为主,共计7例。这些携带者的临床表现主要为自然流产、习惯性流产、胎儿染色体异常、胎儿畸形等。女性罗伯逊易位携带者,其自然流产发生率、习惯性流产发生率、生育21三体患儿发生率、胎儿畸形发生率和胎儿染色体平衡易位发生率明显高于正常对照人群。结论罗伯逊易位与流产、习惯性流产和胎儿畸形染色体异常之间存在相关性。     

淮安地区322例羊水细胞荧光原位杂交技术与核型分析结果分析

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术结合羊水细胞培养在检测胎儿染色体异常中的临床应用价值。方法用FISH技术检测322例孕17-28周孕妇的未培养羊水细胞,同时进行常规羊水细胞培养核型分析,将两者结果进行对照分析。结果 322例未培养羊水细胞FISH检测成功321例,其中检出正常303例,数目异常18例,与常规细胞培养核型分析结果一致,另外4例正常变异、1例嵌合体以及1例罗伯逊易位型21三体未被FISH技术检测出。结论 FISH技术检测未培养羊水细胞染色体数目异常具有快速、简便、所用样本量少的优势,可以作为羊水细胞染色体核型分析的补充,但对于检测同源罗伯逊易位型21三体有一定局限性。     

父源性插入导致胎儿染色体异常一例

孕妇 39岁, 因无创产前检测(non-invasive prenatal testing, NIPT)提示胎儿4q21.1-q22.3区存在18.2 Mb重复来我院进行产前诊断。在签署知情同意书后, 于孕19周接受羊水穿刺, 常规进行羊水细胞核型分析, 同时进行染色体微阵列分析(chromosomal microarray analysis, CMA)。羊水核型为46, XN, der(10)。夫妻双方外周血染色体分析, 孕妇核型为46, XX, 丈夫核型为46, XY, ins(10;4)(q26;q21.3q22)(图1);其中4q21.3q22片段插入到10q26处, 推测为胎儿10号染色体长臂远端增加片段的来源。胎儿的核型被初步确认为:46, XN, der(10) ins(10;4)(q26;q21.3q22)(图2)。羊水细胞CMA结果为:arr[hg19] 4q21.1q22.3(77 749 160-96 054 487)×3; arr[hg19] 10q25.3(115 863 726-116 745 004)×1(图3)。4q21.1q22.3区存在18.31 ...     

临沂地区788例孕中期羊水细胞染色体核型分析

目的分析临沂地区788例妊娠中期孕妇羊水细胞染色体核型,探讨羊膜腔穿刺的指征对产前诊断胎儿染色体病的意义。方法临沂地区788例有产前诊断指征的孕妇,在B超定位下进行羊膜腔穿刺术,抽取羊水细胞进行培养及染色体核型分析。结果发现异常核型30例,异常核型检出率为3.81%（30/788）。其中21-三体7例,46,XY,der（21,21）（q10;q10）＋211例,46,XX,der（21,21）（q10;q10）＋211例,18-三体5例,13-三体1例,47,XXX1例,47,XXY1例,平衡异位5例、倒位7例,47,XX＋mar2例。结论羊水细胞染色体检查是目前安全、有效、最可靠的产前诊断胎儿染色体病的方法。     

无创基因检测发现父源性8p三体胎儿一例

目的通过产前诊断确诊一例8p三体胎儿,探讨无创基因检测(Non-invasive prenatal testing,NIPT)应用于产前筛查染46色,X体Y,非t(8平;1衡5)(易p1位1.2的;P可12行)性。方法采用NIPT8检测孕妇外周血,应用G显带分析胎儿羊水及N父IP母T外周血染色体核型。结果 NIPT结果显示胎儿13号、18号、NI2P1T号三体低风险,提示8号染色体短臂p23.3-p11.21位置存在长约40M的微重复。胎儿羊水核型分析结果46,XY,der(15)t(8;15)(p11.2;p12),为8p11.2p23三体患儿,经家系调查核型分析结果显示母亲46,XX未见明显8p异常,父亲为46,XY,t(8;15)(p11.2;P12)平衡易位,证实胎儿8号微重复片段源自父亲的平衡易位。结论 NIPT对胎儿非平衡易位染色体疾病的早期筛查具有重要价值,NIPT高风险时需结合羊水和亲代染色体分析可帮助明确异R5常96性.1质及来源,从而有利于B评估再发风险。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995