大网膜包埋吻合口在全胸腔镜下食管胃胸内吻合治疗食管癌中的应用

目的探讨大网膜袖套式包埋吻合口在微创Ivor-Lewis术中全胸腔镜下食管胃胸内吻合治疗食管癌中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2012年1月~2014年12月我科148例行微创Ivor-Lewis手术全胸腔镜下大网膜包埋吻合口治疗中下段食管癌的临床资料。在腹腔镜游离胃时预留蒂连于胃的大网膜条,胸腔镜下完成食管胃胸内吻合后,网膜条袖套式包绕吻合口区一周并与吻合口上方纵隔胸膜及下方的胃浆肌层缝合固定。术后1周行上消化道碘水造影判断有无吻合口漏,每3个月随访行胃镜检查了解吻合口情况。结果全组均顺利完成大网膜包埋吻合口。网膜制作时间8~17 min,平均10 min,吻合口包埋时间6~12 min,平均10 min。无围手术期死亡,术后1周碘水造影示吻合口漏6例(4.1%,6/148),均为线状漏,无发热及液气胸等胸内吻合口漏表现,保守治疗6~12天再次造影检查未见漏。随访6~42个月,平均20个月,吻合口狭窄11例(7.4%)。未发现胸胃残端漏、食管气管瘘或食管主动脉瘘等严重并发症。结论大网膜包埋吻合口的术式吻合口漏发生率低,增加微创Ivor-Lewis术的安全性,更有助于该术式的发展和推广。     

消化道吻合器在颈部胃食管吻合中的应用

目的 总结食管癌切除后采用消化道吻合器行颈部胃食管吻合术治疗食管癌患者的临床经验,以降低术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生率,提高手术疗效.方法 125例食管癌患者,根据采用的手术术式不同分为两组,器械吻合组:行食管癌切除后采用国产常州WGWB-26型吻合器进行颈部胃食管吻合;手工吻合组,行食管癌切除后采用手工方法进行颈部胃食管吻合.比较两种手术术式的胃食管吻合时间、术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生率.结果 全组无手术死亡.器械吻合组吻合时间少于手工吻合组(30±5min vs.55±5 min, P＜0.05),近期吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄发生率明显低于手工吻合组(0% vs.4.8%, 0% vs.9.5%,P＜0.05);器械吻合组随访1～15个月食管X线钡餐检查证实无吻合口狭窄.结论 使用吻合器行胃食管器械吻合,能增加吻合的可靠性,减少术后并发症,包括吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生.     

胸腔镜食管癌Ivor-Lewis手术10例报告

目的探讨胸腔镜食管癌Ivor-Lewis手术的可行性与安全性。方法我院2014年1月~2016年1月行胸腔镜下食管癌切除胸内吻合术10例。开腹游离胃,清除腹腔淋巴结。用TL90直线缝合器做管状胃。胸腔镜下游离食管,清除胸腔淋巴结,用普通管状吻合器行管状胃、食管胸内吻合术。结果 10例均在胸腔镜下完成手术,无中转开胸。腹部手术时间70~90 min,平均81 min;胸部手术时间180~310 min,平均210 min。清扫淋巴结15~28枚,平均19.5枚;阳性4例10枚(阳性率4.7%,10/211)。无吻合口漏、吻合口狭窄、呼吸衰竭、乳糜胸及围手术期死亡发生。术后病理:10例均为鳞癌,根据AJCC第7版(2009)病理分期:Ⅱ期7例(T_2N_0M_06例,T_2N_1M_01例),ⅢA期3例(T_3N_1M_03例)。10例随访3~27个月,中位数19.5月,无转移、复发,无明显吞咽困难症状。结论胸腔镜食管癌Ivor-Lewis手术安全、可行。     

比较食管癌术后两种胃腔减压方式的效果

目的比较食管癌术后两种胃腔减压方式的效果。方法安阳市肿瘤医院2011-08—2017-10间行食管癌手术1248例。其中左胸左颈手术636例,McKeown手术396例,全腔镜食管癌手术198例,食管拔脱术18例。术后均给予胃腔减压。常规组(729例)将胃管经鼻置入近胃窦部,对照组(519例)应用改制胃管经鼻行全胸胃减压。比较2组吻合口颈部瘘、纵隔瘘、胸内瘘发生率及瘘愈合时间和吻合口狭窄发生率。结果对照组吻合口颈部瘘、纵隔瘘、胸内瘘发生率及瘘愈合时间和吻合口狭窄发生率均优于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论食管癌术后应用全胸胃减压较常规胃肠减压,能有效降低术后并发症发生率。     

全胸腔镜下食管胃胸内吻合术治疗中下段食管癌的技术探讨

目的探讨全胸腔镜下食管胃胸内吻合术治疗中下段食管癌的可行性。方法我科单医疗组2012年3～8月在20例食管中下段癌根治术中行全胸腔镜下食管胃胸内吻合,运用普通胃肠吻合器（强生管型吻合器）行食管胃右胸内吻合以重建消化道,并腔镜下行吻合口减张缝合及大网膜包埋。结果 20例均获成功,无中转开胸。手术时间270～350min,平均310 min,其中胸腔镜胸部操作时间150～220 min,平均200 min,术中出血250～480 ml,平均350 ml。每例清除淋巴结11～27枚,平均19.9枚,阳性4例6枚（阳性率1.5%,6/398）。无围手术期死亡,术后2天即可下床活动。1例吻合口漏（1/20,5%）,保守治愈。其余19例术后住院时间10～16 d,平均12 d。随访1～6个月,无死亡,无复发,进普食。结论全胸腔镜下食管胃胸内吻合术微创治疗中下段食管癌可行。     

单孔胸腔镜下Ivor-Lewis食管癌根治术的临床应用北大核心CSCD

目的探讨单孔胸腔镜下Ivor-Lewis术在中下段食管癌和Siewert Ⅰ型食管胃结合部癌手术中的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析空军军医大学唐都医院胸腔外科2020年10月至2021年6月行胸腔镜下食管癌根治手术患者的临床资料。结果 26例患者行单孔胸腔镜下食管癌Ivor-Lewis手术(单孔组), 45例接受胸部4孔胸腔镜McKeown手术(4孔组), 两组患者平均手术时间[(265 ± 110)min对(235±94)min]、平均术中出血量[(80±57)ml对(105±60)ml]、平均清理淋巴结数量[(19.3±2.9)枚对(18.6±2.7)枚]、平均住院时间[(7.5±3.5)天对(8.3±2.7)天]、围手术期并发症发生率等差异均无统计学意义。单孔组患者术后第1、3、7天和术后1个月的术后疼痛VAS评分均低于4孔组, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论单孔胸腔镜下Ivor-Lewis手术具有术后疼痛轻的优势, 对于中下段食管癌和Siewert Ⅰ型的食管胃结合部癌是一种安全可行的手术方式。     

比较管状胃与次全胃代食管颈部吻合术在食管癌根治术中的应用效果

目的比较管状胃与次全胃代食管颈部吻合术在食管癌根治术中的应用效果。方法选取180例在嵩县人民医院接受手术治疗的食管癌患者。将2013-01—2015-01间实施的管状胃代食管手术作为对照组,将2015-02—2017-02间实施的次全胃代食管手术作为观察组,各90例。比较2组手术时间及术后吻合口瘘的发生率。结果对照组手术时间160~180 min,平均170 min;观察组为150~170 min,平均165 min。2组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组发生颈部吻合口瘘18例(20.00%),观察组1例(1.11%),2组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与管状胃代食管颈部吻合术比较,次全胃代食管颈部吻合术方法简单、易于操作、颈部吻合口瘘发生率低,适合食管癌术中作为食管替代物重建消化道。     

食管癌微创外科手术的现状与思考

本文对目前食管癌微创外科(minimally invasive esophagectomy,MIE)治疗技术的发展进行综述和展望,总结了目前食管癌微创治疗的主要手术方式,尤其是逐渐兴起的胸腔镜下胃食管吻合技术,分析了短期长期治疗效果。总结了目前报道的开放与微创手术的对比研究,并对未来食管癌微创技术的发展进行了探讨。目前食管癌微创手术主要的手术方式包括3种:胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除(胃食管颈部吻合,McKeown MIE)、胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除(胃食管胸内吻合,Ivor-Lewis MIE)、经裂孔食管癌微创切除等。随着技术进步,在解决了胸腔镜下胃食管胸内吻合的技术问题后,对于中下段食管癌、胃食管交界部癌患者,基于上腹右胸(Ivor-Lewis)的微创手术方式,已逐渐成为标准术式。其主要的胸腔镜下胃食管吻合技术包括:全手工吻合、环形吻合器、侧侧吻合、三角吻合等。与开放食管癌切除术比较,微创手术可减少术中出血,缩短术后住院日和ICU住院日,降低术后总体并发症发生率,尤其是肺并发症发生率,MIE总体术后短期效果优于开放手术。微创视野下对淋巴结的清扫也显著优于开放手术。目前MIE与开放食管癌术后长期生存相近。微创食管癌手术目前发展迅速,未来展望的要点包括:微创手术的个体化与生活质量、快速康复、机器人食管癌微创手术等。同时本文也探讨了胃镜下早期食管癌黏膜下切除术相关进展。     

胸腔镜手术治疗食管癌合并气管憩室9例报告北大核心CSCD

目的 总结胸腔镜手术治疗食管癌合并气管憩室的经验。方法 2015年6月~2021年3月我们对7例食管癌合并气管憩室行腔镜颈胸腹三切口食管癌根治术,经右胸游离食管、腹游离胃及左颈部吻合;2例食管癌合并气管憩室行腔镜胸腹两切口食管癌根治术,经腹游离胃,右胸游离食管及胸内吻合。结果 9例顺利行单腔气管插管全麻,未发生因麻醉插管导致气管憩室的损伤。3例气管憩室在胸腔镜手术中探查诊断,其中1例在游离食管过程中发生憩室损伤,经缝合修补术后未发生与气管损伤相关的并发症。7例腔镜颈胸腹三切口手术时间(237.9±18.7)min,术中出血量(154.3±12.7)ml,清扫淋巴结(23.4±3.5)枚,术后住院时间(11.0±1.4)d;2例腔镜胸腹两切口手术时间分别为195、240 min,术中出血量160、150 ml,清扫淋巴结20、23枚,术后住院时间11、10 d。9例术后随访4~62个月,中位时间28个月,1例转移,1例因肿瘤复发死亡,余7例无复发和转移。结论 食管癌合并气管憩室罕见,术前应仔细阅片及术中精细操作,对安全实施食管癌手术具有临床指导意义。     

单操作孔胸腔镜胸段食管癌手术42例报告

目的探讨单操作孔胸腔镜食管游离技术在胸段食管癌手术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2014年3月～2017年2月42例胸段食管癌三切口食管癌根治术资料。应用单操作孔胸腔镜行胸段食管游离,左侧侧俯卧折刀位,腔镜孔位于右腋中线第8肋间,操作孔位于右腋中线与腋前线之间第4肋间,用"缝合牵拉显露法"显露后纵隔,完整游离胸段食管,并行纵隔及食管周围淋巴结清扫。腹腔镜或开腹游离胃,制作管状胃。左颈部切口行胃食管颈部吻合。结果 42例均在全胸腔镜下顺利完成胸段食管游离和纵隔、食管周围淋巴结清扫,无中转开胸或增加切口,围术期无死亡。手术时间(350. 3±55. 6) min,术后前3日引流量(853. 9±386. 9) ml,术后住院(18. 7±8. 7) d,清扫胸腔淋巴结(15. 7±10. 0)枚。术后2例消化道漏,2例肺部感染,并发症发生率9. 5%(4/42)。36例随访6～60个月,中位时间31个月,复发转移7例。结论应用单操作孔胸腔镜技术行三切口食管癌根治术安全可行。"缝合牵拉显露法"有利于单操作孔胸腔镜手术的顺利实施。     

Valve sparing neoaortic root replacement following a Norwood type reconstruction of the aorta

A neoaortic aneurysm after a Norwood type reconstruction of the aorta can develop due to systemic pressure on the former pulmonary artery wall. A complex valve sparing procedure can preserve native valves and avoid a valve replacement with requirement for anticoagulation. This type of operation was carried out in 3 patients, 2 of them after a Fontan palliation, 1 after a Norwood–Rastelli repair. The reconstruction was done using Dacron prostheses for the replacement of the dilated wall, similar to a Yacoub modification in 2 cases and to a David’s modification in 1 patient. The postoperative course was uneventful and postoperative valve function was good in all cases.     

The contribution of Allison and Nissen to the evolution of hiatus herniorrhaphy

Even though it was not until 1950 that Barrett introduced the term "reflux esophagitis", this entity is now the most common disease afflicting the western world. Diaphragmatic herniation, recognized by Sennertus in 1541, was first repaired by Potemski (1889). Before World-War II, the condition was considered rare; symptomatology, as in external herniae, was ascribed to pinching of the stomach by the hernial ring. Only large protrusions, with signs of impending incarceration, volvulus, or strangulation, were operated upon. Modern understanding derives from studies of short, strictured esophagi. Because of endoscopic "gastric" biopsies in children, Findlay and Kelly considered them congenital "misplacements". However, Allison (1943), finding adults with ulceration and scarring, argued they were acquired. Later (1953) he concluded that the distal esophagus may be lined with metaplastic adenomatous epithelium which can harbor malignancy. His repair, reestablishing the crural pinchcock was, as pointed out by his countryman Collis (who in 1957 constructed a neo-esophagus from the Magenstrasse), inadequate. Nissen performed (1936) gastroesophagectomy in a case of peptic ulceration of the cardia. To avoid leakage he buried the anastomosis. Amazingly, 17 years later he learned that the patient had no reflux. He then successfully performed and reported (1956) fundoplication in a man and woman with gastroesophageal reflux disease. His operation remains the basis for surgical therapy today. Electronic Publication     

Effectiveness of the TVT procedure as a repeat mid-urethra operation for treatment of stress incontinence

Introduction and hypotheses  The aim was to evaluate the long-term (5 years) effect of performing a retropubic tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) operation after a prior failed mid-urethra sling procedure and try to identify reasons for failure of the primary operation. Methods  We identified 26 women to whom a repeat mid-urethra sling procedure (using the TVT Gynecare device) had been performed. Both the primary and repeat operations were retropubic procedures. Four different tape materials had been utilized in the primary procedure. Results  Twenty women (77%) of the identified 26 women participated in the study. Seventy-five percent of the women were cured or significantly improved after the repeat TVT procedure. Reasons for failure of the primary procedure were grouped as follows: inadequate tape material (four out of 20), inadequate surgical technique (six out of 20), patients' medical condition (four out of 20), and unrecognized reasons (six out of 20). Conclusions  A retropubic mid-urethra sling operation can be considered after failed mid-urethra sling surgery.     

Retrospective review of reoperative pectus excavatum repairs

Background/Purpose

Despite success of several techniques described for pectus excavatum repair, a minority of patients require multiple reoperations for recurrence or other complications. We aimed to review our experience in reoperative pectus excavatum repairs and to identify features correlating with need for additional reoperations.

Methods

Charts were reviewed of all patients undergoing reoperative pectus excavatum repair for 3 years at a university-based children's hospital. Number and type of previous repairs, time between operations, lengths of stay, analgesia, and complications were recorded.

Results

From February 2004 to December 2007, 170 pectus excavatum repairs were performed. Among these, 27 were reoperative. Overall, 18.2% of reoperative patients required subsequent additional reoperations. 21.1% of patients undergoing repeat open repairs and 33.3% of patients undergoing repeat minimally invasive repairs required further operative interventions. There was no need for additional repairs among patients who had open repairs after minimally invasive repairs, nor for any patients who had minimally invasive repairs after open repairs.

Conclusions

We conclude that patients with failed open repairs will have better success with minimally invasive reoperations, whereas patients with failed minimally invasive repairs will have better success with open reoperations. When faced with reoperative pectus excavatum, we recommend consideration of an alternative operative approach from the initial procedure.     

改良Morrow手术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的疗效分析

目的比较采用经典Morow术与改良Morrow术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的疗效。方法选取2005年1月至2011年7月在北京安贞医院接受手术治疗的42例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者。根据手术方式不同将患者分为两组。传统Morrow组16例,男13例、女3例,年龄（49±15）岁;改良Morrow组26例,男14例、女12例,年龄（40±18）岁。改良Morrow术是在经典Morrow手术的基础上,扩大室间隔的切除范围,切除范围由经典的2～3cm扩大达到5～6cm,向下切除范围由经典的单纯室间隔基底部扩大到心尖部;同时根据二尖瓣的结构情况,进行二尖瓣乳头肌松解、二尖瓣前叶横向折叠成形、“缘对缘”二尖瓣成形或瓣膜置换。术前术后均进行超声心动图检查,比较两组室间隔厚度、左心室流出道流速及左心室流出道压差的差异。结果肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者通过经典Morrow术与改良Morrow术治疗后,室间隔厚度、左心室流出道流速及左心室流出道压差均较术前显著降低。经典Morrow术患者的室间隔厚度[（23．10±3．64）mm vs．（17．38±4．39）mm]、左心室流出道流速[（433．08±101．68）mm／s vs．（248．46±101．88）mm／s]、左心室流出道压差[（78．57±40．16）mmHg vs．（4．29±21．52）mmHg]术前和术后差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。改良Morrow术患者的室间隔厚度[（25．04±7．05）mm vs．（18．38±6．55）mm,P〈0．05]、左心室流出道流速[（414．83±83．33）mm／s vs．（159．72±60．84）mm／s,P〈0．05]、左心室流出道压差[（77．94±29．16）mmHg vs．（17．56±9．39）mmHg,P〈0．05]术前和术后差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。改良Morrow手术患者手术前后左心室流出道压差的变化程度较经典Morrow患者更明显[（74．25±27．91）mmHg vs．（34．63±30．66）mmHg,P〈0．05]。结论改良Morrow术可明显减低肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者左心室流出道压差,效果优于经典Morrow术。     

Ross手术的临床应用

目的　总结主动脉瓣疾病患者行 Ross手术的临床应用经验。　方法　自 2 0 0 2年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 8月 ,对12例主动脉瓣疾病患者行 Ross手术 ,其中先天性心脏病、主动脉瓣病变 11例 ,老年退行性主动脉瓣狭窄 1例。术前所有患者均经超声心动图 (UCG)检查示主动脉瓣狭窄和 /或关闭不全 (中重度 ) ,均在全身麻醉中度低温体外循环下行 Ross手术。结果　全组患者无手术死亡 ,无并发症 ;术后主动脉瓣跨瓣压差在正常范围 ,左心室舒张期末内径(L VEDD)明显缩小 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,左心室射血分数 (L VEF) 0 .5 5± 0 .14 ,心功能 (NYHA) 级。所有患者均接受随访 ,随访 7天～ 8个月 ,心功能 ～ 级 ,主动脉瓣、肺动脉瓣功能良好。　结论　Ross手术是一种临床疗效较好的治疗主动脉瓣病变的手术方法。     

Modified Subtotal Lothrop Procedure for Extended Frontal Sinus and Anterior Skull Base Access: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study with Clinical Correlates

Objective The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) is an established approach for recalcitrant frontal sinus disease and anterior skull base exposure. However, in select cases, this technique may involve unnecessary resection of sinonasal structures. In this study, we propose a modification of the EMLP, termed the modified subtotal-Lothrop procedure (MSLP), to access the anterior skull base and complex frontal sinus disease for which access to the bilateral frontal sinus posterior table is required.Methods A cadaveric dissection with photo documentation was performed at an academic medical center on four cadaver heads using standard endoscopic techniques to demonstrate the MSLP and its feasibility.Results The endoscopic MSLP allowed ample access for instrumentation in each of the dissections using a 30- or 70-degree endoscope. Adequate bilateral access to the posterior table of the frontal sinus was gained in all cases without the need for dissection of the contralateral frontal sinus recess (FSR).Conclusion The MSLP appears to be a feasible technique for exposure of the anterior skull base and accessing complex frontal sinus pathology. This modification provides similar anterior skull base exposure and surgical maneuverability as the EMLP while limiting surgical dissection to one FSR, thereby preserving as much of the natural mucociliary drainage pathways as possible.     

Nuss手术与改良Ravitch手术治疗小儿漏斗胸疗效的对比研究

目的比较Nuss手术与改良Ravitch手术治疗小儿漏斗胸的疗效。方法对比分析我院1992年1月-2010年10月采用改良Ravitch手术与Nuss手术治疗小儿先天性漏斗胸88例临床资料。2组年龄无差异。改良Ravitch手术（R组）45例,骨膜内切除变形肋软骨,胸骨截骨,分离胸骨后及两侧间隙,用克氏针将凹陷胸骨抬高固定;Nuss手术43例（N组）,腋中线小横切口,支撑钢板预弯,胸腔镜下,用引导器将钢板经胸膜外引入对侧,翻转钢板撑起下陷胸骨,固定钢板。结果与R组相比,N组切口短[（3.85±0.71）cm vs.（9.67±2.80）cm,t=13.227,P=0.000],出血量少[（5.7±1.8）ml vs.（63.8±54.8）ml,t=6.942,P=0.000],输血患者比例少[0%（0/43）vs.42.2%（19/45）,P=0.000],手术时间短[（59.4±8.9）min vs.（167.5±57.3）min,t=12.222,P=0.000],总住院时间短[（9.1±2.5）d vs.（18.9±5.1）d,t=11.469,P=0.000],术后住院时间短[（4.7±1.6）d vs.（11.9±2.7）d,t=15.332,P=0.000]。并发症发生率R组22.2%（10/45）,N组30.2%（13/43）（χ2=0.731,P=0.393）。2组88例随访3个月-9年,总满意率R组95.6%（43/45）,N组97.7%（42/43）（χ2=0.000,P=1.000）,其中36例〉3年,满意率R组90.9%（20/22）,N组92.9%（13/14）（χ2=0.000,P=1.000）。结论 Nuss手术微创优势明显,中期疗效满意,可作为治疗小儿漏斗胸的首选术式。严重的非对称性漏斗胸尤其伴严重的多发肋骨畸形者,以及不具备实施Nuss手术条件的医疗单位,仍可以采用改良Ravitch手术治疗小儿漏斗胸。     

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目的探讨介入治疗在肝胆管结石术前、术后的应用及疗效。方法对20例多发肝内外胆管结石病人于手术前后进行介入治疗操作，包括经皮引流术、扩张术、胆道内支架留置术、动脉栓塞术等多种方法。结果通过进行介入治疗可达到不同程度的症状缓解或痊愈，未出现新的并发症。结论介入治疗在肝胆管结石外科手术前后的合理应用，可以大大降低手术危险性，并能对部分术后并发症的治疗提供帮助；胆系介入治疗是一种安全有效的技术，在肝胆管结石的治疗中如能综合灵活应用，可以作为胆道外科手术的辅助治疗方法。     

Operative Management of Anterior Glenohumeral Instability

Abstract Introduction: Management of glenohumeral instability focuses more on operative treatment, while non-operative management, especially in young, active patients, may cause recurrent instability in a high percentage. Aim: Management of anterior glenohumeral instability, their advantages and limitations, the operative techniques and results will be described and discussed. Materials and Methods: A total of 379 patients who were operated between 1985 and 1994 for recurrent shoulder instability were followed up; 110 patients were managed with open Bankart procedure, 165 patients with arthroscopic Bankart and 98 patients were treated with a bone-block procedure. Follow-up evaluation was performed 53 months on average postoperatively. According to Rowe the functional results were classified as excellent and good in 91% with the open Bankart procedure, 80.6% with the arthroscopic Bankart repair and the results using the bone-block were rated as excellent and good in 95.4%. Overall complication rate was 16.3% (arthroscopic), 6.4% (open Bankart) and 4.4% (bone-block group). In patients with long-time results, degenerative signs at the glenoid and/or the humeral head were evaluated on plane radiographs (according to Rosenberg). In 17 long-term results of the bone-block procedure, Stage I osteoarthritis was identified in 25.5%, but no severe osteoarthrosis (stage II or III), while in the open Bankart group an osteoarthrosis rate of 18.6% (stages II and III) was found. Conclusion: Different types and causes of glenohumeral instability recommend different techniques for operative treatment of anterior glenohumeral instability. The bone-block procedure provided the best results regarding stability and function; long-term radiological results indicate that bony repair prevents and does not cause osteoarthrosis.