同期行冠状动脉搭桥术联合颈动脉内膜剥脱术的手术治疗体会

冠状动脉和颈动脉的粥样硬化病变属同源性疾病.据统计,冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者中,6.0%～8.7%合并有严重颈动脉狭窄和脑部症状,60岁以上的患者人群,这一比例更高达11.8%.2002年6月至2008年6月,我们共对25例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)合并严重颈动脉狭窄患者实施了CABG和颈动脉内膜剥脱(CEA)联合手术,现报告如下.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术加颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄

目的总结非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）加颈动脉内膜剥脱术（CEA）治疗冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄的临床经验,探讨治疗方法和效果。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年12月期间南京医科大学附属南京第一医院121例冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄患者同期行OPCAB和CEA治疗的临床资料,其中男81例,女40例;年龄62~72岁（67.2±4.5岁）。均为3支冠状动脉病变,左主干病变3例。单侧颈动脉狭窄（≥50%）95例,双侧狭窄（≥50%）26例。术后观察围手术期脑卒中、心肌梗死、心绞痛及其他并发症的发生情况,并进行随访。结果所有患者均行单侧CEA,其中左侧71例,右侧50例,颈动脉阻断时间20.5±7.0 min。在OPCAB中,每例远端吻合口数为2.9±0.3个。围术期无死亡,无心绞痛、心肌梗死和脑卒中发生,手术前后自觉神经精神症状好转87例,无明显变化32例,加重2例。随访121例,随访率100%,随访时间67.5±12.5个月。患者生活质量良好,无脑卒中、新发生的心肌梗死和新发生的神经精神症状。结论同期行OPCAB和CEA治疗冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄是较好的治疗方法,能显著减少OPCAB术后脑卒中的发生,而远期疗效尚待积累手术经验、远期随访观察,并进一步的研究阐明。     

“一站式”颈动脉内膜剥脱术联合非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄

目的 分析“一站式”颈动脉内膜剥脱术（carotid endarterectomy,CEA）联合非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCABG）治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）合并颈动脉狭窄的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年3月—2021年6月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院接受“一站式”CEA+OPCABG治疗冠心病合并严重颈动脉狭窄患者的临床资料。患者术前均常规行冠状动脉及颈动脉造影明确诊断冠心病及颈动脉狭窄。所有患者术中均先行CEA，再同期行OPCABG。结果 共纳入12例患者，其中男9例、女3例，年龄58～69(63.7±3.4)岁。颈动脉狭窄均为单侧重度狭窄，狭窄程度为70%～90%，病变位置均位于颈动脉分叉或颈内动脉起始段。所有患者均顺利完成“一站式”CEA+OPCABG，术中移植桥血管2～4(2.8±0.6)支，CEA手术时间16～35(25.7±5.6)min。所有患者均顺利康复出院，围术期及随访期间无死亡病例，无脑卒中、心肌梗死等严重并发症。术后随访时间6～40个月，随访期间动脉桥血...     

同期颈动脉内膜剥脱术联合冠状动脉搭桥术治疗冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄

目的 探讨颈动脉内膜剥脱术(CEA)联合冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)治疗合并严重颈动脉狭窄的冠心病患者的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2011至2019年19例合并严重颈动脉狭窄的冠心病患者的临床资料.结果 患者中位年龄69岁.手术均采取先CEA后CABG策略,使用传统剥脱法,颈动脉转流管快速建立体外转流.手术成功率100％...     

冠状动脉旁路移植术和颈动脉内膜剥脱术的非体外循环同期手术

我院2004年4月至2005年11月对9例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病合并严重颈动脉狭窄患者同期实施不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)及颈动脉内膜剥脱术,取得良好的近、中期疗效,现报告如下.     

同期颈动脉支架术及冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗颈动脉狭窄合并冠心病的疗效分析

目的:探讨同期颈动脉支架术(CAS)及冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗颈动脉狭窄合并冠心病的安全性与疗效。方法:回顾性分析中日友好医院2007年1月―2014年12月收治的25例颈动脉狭窄合并冠心病患者资料,其中11例同期行CAS和CABG(同期组),14例分期行CAS和CABG(分期组),比较两组患者的主要临床指标。结果:两组患者术前基本资料具有可比性。所有患者手术均获成功,无围手术期死亡患者。与分期组比较,同期组中位手术时间(250minvs.280min)、中位住院时间(19dvs.24d)明显缩短(均P0.05),中位术中出血量(750m Lvs.600m L)、输血量(1000m Lvs.1200m L)、ICU时间(23hvs.24h)、呼吸机时间(19hvs.16.5h)差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。同期组出现术后30d内小卒中1例,一过性脑缺血发作(TIA)1例,围手术期肺部感染1例,术后短暂低血压3例;分期组出现TIA2例,术后短暂低血压4例,再次开胸止血1例,围手术期肺部感染1例,两组均无心肌梗死及死亡病例。结论:同期和分期行CAS和CABG治疗颈动脉狭窄合并冠心病均安全有效,同期手术可以缩短手术和住院时间,应根据患者的病变特点选择合适的治疗方法。     

冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄的围术期处理

背景 冠心病(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)合并颈动脉狭窄者临床上并不少见.如何正确处理CABG患者并存颈动脉狭窄的问题应引起重视.目的 为了探索CABG患者并存颈动脉狭窄的最佳处理方法,此文将CABG患者并存颈动脉狭窄的外科治疗及麻醉处理进行了分析汇总.内窖对于合并颈动脉狭窄的CABG患者,最佳治疗策略尚未达成共识.既往外科治疗多采用分期或同期颈动脉内膜剥脱术(carotid endarterectomy,CEA),但近年来随着经皮介入治疗技术的发展,大多数可以采用分期或同期经皮颈动脉支架置人术(carotid artery stenting,CAS).CABG合并颈动脉狭窄患者围术期麻醉处理的关键是维持血流动力学平稳,保证大脑的有效灌注压,避免脑缺血和栓塞.趋向 同日CAS-CABG"杂交"手术已显示出可行性,并有待进一步研究.     

同期或分期行颈动脉支架置入术与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄

目的 观察同期或分期行颈动脉支架置入术与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄的临床疗效及安全性.方法 2008年1月至2010年12月,30例合并严重颈动脉狭窄(≥70％)的冠心病患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术,男24例,女6例;年龄51～79岁,平均(67.6±7.4)岁,同期或分期行颈动脉支架置入术各15例.结果 30例手术均获成功,无手术死亡.同期手术组术后早期出现轻度脑卒中1例,中度脑卒中1例.分期手术组术后早期二次开胸止血、新发房颤和急性肾功能衰竭各1例.同期手术组与分期手术组术后胸腔引流量(945±260) ml对(764±334)ml,P=0.109;住ICU(87.7±61.6)h对(52.3±80.8)h,P=0.189;呼吸机使用(31.7±27.8)h对(17.9±7.06)h,P=0.073.同期手术组术后住院(9.7±3.3)天,与分期手术组(17.1±6.9)天相比明显减少(P=0.001),平均住院费用降低了16.7％.术后随访6～42个月,平均(22.0±9.6)个月,随访期内.两组均无死亡、心肌梗死、脑卒中和心绞痛等并发症.结论 慎重选择患者,严格掌握手术适应证,同期或分期行颈动脉支架置入术与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄临床效果均满意.中、远期效果还需进一步观察.     

颈动脉支架置入术在合并无症状颈动脉重度狭窄的冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用北大核心CSCD

目的对比分析颈动脉支架置入术(carotid artery stenting,CAS)联合冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)和单纯CABG两种术式治疗冠心病合并无症状重度颈动脉狭窄患者的围手术期情况及随访资料,评估CAS-CABG联合手术的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年12月在北京安贞医院、北京朝阳医院、北京天坛医院行CABG治疗的700例冠心病合并无症状颈动脉重度狭窄患者的病历资料。根据是否进行CAS处理,分为CAS-CABG组(116例)和单纯CABG组(584例)。CAS-CABG组平均(64.8±7.3)岁,均仅行单侧CAS手术;单纯CABG组平均(65.5±7.6)岁。比较两组患者术后30天及中位24个月随访的主要结果。应用logistic回归法行单因素和多因素分析。结果CAS-CABG组患者术后早期卒中发生率显著降低(2.6%对9.1%,P=0.02),CAS联合CABG手术并未增加随访期间病死率和不良事件发生率。亚组分析发现,两种术式治疗无症状单侧颈动脉重度狭窄的卒中发生率差异无统计学意义,高龄、房颤史和卒中史是无症状单侧颈动脉重度狭窄CABG术后早期卒中的独立危险因素。结论CAS联合CABG治疗冠心病合并无症状颈动脉狭窄安全有效,可降低患者术后早期卒中发生率。应合理筛选合并无症状颈动脉狭窄的CABG患者,进行预防性CAS以降低此类患者术后卒中风险。     

同期颈动脉内膜切除术与冠状动脉搭桥术治疗颈动脉合并冠状动脉狭窄15例临床经验

目的评价同期联合行颈动脉内膜切除术（carotid endarterectomy,CEA）与冠状动脉搭桥术（coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG）治疗颈动脉与冠状动脉狭窄并存疾病的早期临床疗效。方法2000年1月至2006年8月对15例颈动脉与冠状动脉狭窄并存患者实施了同期CEA与CABG手术。男性12例,女性3例,年龄63～80岁,平均（70±6）岁。所有患者术前均行冠状动脉造影与颈动脉造影术明确诊断,其中冠状动脉左主干病变3例,2支血管病变2例,3支血管病变10例。手术先行CEA再行CABG 14例,1例患者先行CABG后行CEA,有5例患者在体外循环（CPB）下完成CABG,其余10例在非体外循环下行CABG;在行CEA时,所有患者均使用颈动脉转流管,所有患者均采用人工血管补片加宽颈动脉切口。结果本组无手术死亡,围手术期无心脑血管并发症发生,1例患者手术后1个月因右下肢动脉硬化闭塞症而行右下肢股-腘动脉人工血管搭桥术。术后随访3～24个月,患者无心绞痛,短暂性缺血性脑发作（TIA）或脑中风发生。结论同期行颈动脉内膜切除术与冠状动脉搭桥术治疗颈动脉与冠状动脉狭窄并存疾病方法可行,早期效果满意。     

冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄的围术期处理

背景 冠心病(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)合并颈动脉狭窄者临床上并不少见.如何正确处理CABG患者并存颈动脉狭窄的问题应引起重视.目的 为了探索CABG患者并存颈动脉狭窄的最佳处理方法,此文将CABG患者并存颈动脉狭窄的外科治疗及麻醉处理进行了分析汇总.内窖对于合并颈动脉狭...     

Asymptomatic severe carotid stenosis undergoing staged carotid artery stent and coronary artery bypass grafting: decisive role of brain single photon emission computed tomography

Effort angina of a 70-year-old man was diagnosed as due to triple coronary vessel disease, and he was scheduled to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery. Preoperative carotid duplex scan revealed more than 75% stenosis of the right internal carotid artery, which was functionally proven to be significantly ischemic on brain single photon emission computed tomography. Although he was neurologically asymptomatic, we chose staged surgery for fear of stroke during coronary artery bypass surgery. He had successful carotid artery stenting first by neurosurgeons; then, 2 months later he underwent uneventful coronary artery bypass surgery. This experience prompted us to report the case.     

颈动脉弹性功能与冠状动脉搭桥术后血管狭窄程度的关系

目的 探讨颈动脉弹性功能与冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)后血管狭窄程度的关系.方法 对住院行冠状动脉旁路术的男性冠心病患者,搭桥血管狭窄程度采用Gensini积分法,通过超声血管回声跟踪技术动态观察颈动脉β(血管硬化值)、Ep(血管的弹性系数)、AC(血管的顺应性)的变化.结果 共有46例(46/97)患者出现不同程度的搭桥血管狭窄,搭桥血管狭窄患者颈动脉β(12.48±2.16)、Ep(140.41±32.46)高于搭桥血管通畅患者β(9.27±2.19)、Ep(109.72±31.27),搭桥血管狭窄患者AC(0.65±0.09)低于搭桥血管通畅患者AC(0.79±0.11),2组患者间颈动脉血管弹性参数β、Ep、AC测值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 颈动脉血管弹性功能测定可评价CABG术后血管狭窄.     

Coronary artery bypass grafting for left main disease and the risk of stroke: Incidence,aetiology and prevention

This review explores the association between left main disease and the increased risk of perioperative stroke following coronary artery bypass grafting, specifically addressing the potential underlying mechanisms and its potential prevention. In particular, this correlation appears stronger for patients with left main disease when compared to patients with isolated triple vessel disease. Even though evidence on this topic is limited and of modest quality, there appears to be a significant association between ascending aorta atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Furthermore, there seems to be a relationship between the severity and extent of carotid artery stenosis and coronary artery disease. Carotid artery disease is itself associated with atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta, a well-recognised risk factor for postoperative atheroembolic stroke. The association between left main disease, ascending aorta atherosclerosis and carotid artery stenosis may reflect an increased systemic atherosclerotic burden and hence explain, at least partially, the higher risk of perioperative cerebrovascular events. Potential pre-, intra- and post-operative strategies for stroke prevention are discussed.     

Cardiac events after combined surgery for coronary and carotid artery disease

Objective: To evaluate serious cardiac events after combined (either single or two stage) coronary artery surgery (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for concomitant coronary and carotid artery disease. Methods: We have analyzed our 15 year experience (January 1981–September 1996) with 201 consecutive patients operated on using both approaches. Group A consisted of 48 patients with the single-stage procedure, while in group B (153 patients), two stage procedure was carried out, either as carotid endarterectomy (CEA), followed by coronary artery bypass surgery (CAS) (group B₁⁻ 103 patients), or as CAS followed by CEA (group B₂⁻ 50 patients). Five patients from B₁ group died after the CEA procedure, but were included, despite the fact they never reached the second stage. Left main coronary artery disease was found in 41 patients (20.4%), poor left ventricular function in 49 (24.4%) previous MI in 133 (66.2%), while 136 (67.7%) were in NYHA functional class III or IV. Bilateral carotid involvement was present in 61 patients (30.3%). Unstable angina was more prevalent in groups A and B₂ (P<0.0001), NYHA class III/IV in group A (versus B₁, P=0.001 and versus B₂, P=0.02), low ejection fraction in groups A and B₂ (P<0.0001), bilateral carotid stenosis in group B₁ (versus A, P=0.003 and versus B₂, P<0.0001), and ulcerated plaque in group B₁ (P<0.0001). These differences dictated the surgical strategy, which resulted in different protocols for clinical and operative management. Results: Early mortality for the entire group was 5.5% (11/201) 6.2% in group A, 7.8% in group B₁ and 0% in group B₂, respectively; (P>0.05). Serious morbidity occurred in 7.5% of patients (8.3% in group A, 7.8% in group B₁ and 6% in group B₂, respectively; P>0.05). Univariate analysis revealed only bilateral carotid stenosis to influence early outcome (P=0.04). Conclusion: Patients with concomitant coronary and carotid artery disease have relatively good immediate operative results, providing all existing lesions are corrected. Despite it did not reach the statistical significance, cardiac events were less frequent in groups A and B₂ indicating possible protective effect of prior CAS in patients with concomitant disease.     

Ultrasonographic Measurement of Intima-Media Thickness of the Carotid Artery Before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Purpose We evaluated the usefulness of measuring intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery by ultrasonography before coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods Seventy-three patients who underwent carotid ultrasonography before CABG were selected for this study. The maximum IMT (max IMT) in the bilateral common carotid artery was used as the index of carotid ultrasonography. As a quantitative measure of coronary atherosclerosis, we calculated Gensinis coronary score (GCS) from the preoperative coronary angiography.Results There was a positive correlation between the max IMT and the GCS. Furthermore, the max IMT of the patients with myocardial infarction was significantly greater than that of the patients with angina pectoris.Conclusions Carotid ultrasonography before CABG is useful, not only for the morphological evaluation of the stenotic lesions of the neck vessels, but also for the quantitative prediction of atherosclerosis in the native coronary artery. The max IMT may predict the progression of atherosclerotic change of the native coronary artery from angina pectoris to myocardial infarction.     

The effect of clinical coronary disease severity on outcomes of carotid endarterectomy with and without combined coronary bypass

ObjectiveThe management of patients with carotid stenosis and symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) is challenging. This study assessed the impact of clinical coronary disease severity on carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with and without combined coronary artery bypass (CCAB).MethodsUsing the Vascular Quality Initiative, patients with symptomatic CAD who underwent CCAB or isolated CEA (ICEA) from 2003 to 2017 were identified. Patients were stratified by CAD severity: stable angina (SA) and recent myocardial infarction/unstable angina (UA). Primary outcomes, including perioperative stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke/death/MI (SDM), were assessed between procedures within each CAD cohort.ResultsThere were 9098 patients identified: 887 CCAB patients (215 [24%] SA, 672 [76%] UA) and 8211 ICEA patients (6385 [78%] SA, 1826 [22%] UA). Overall, CCAB patients had higher rates of stroke (2.6% vs 1.3%; P = .002) and SDM (7.3% vs 3.5%, P < .001) but similar rates of MI (0.9% vs 1.6%; P = .12) compared with ICEA patients. In SA patients, no difference was seen in stroke (ICEA 1.2% vs CCAB 1.9%; P = .36), MI (1.3% vs 1.4%; P = .95), or SDM (2.9% vs 4.7%; P = .13). In UA patients, no difference was seen in stroke (ICEA 1.6% vs CCAB 2.8%; P = .06), but ICEA patients had higher rates of MI (2.4% vs 0.7%; P = .01) and CCAB patients had higher rates of SDM (8.2% vs 5.5%; P = .01). After logistic regression in the UA cohort, predictors of MI included ICEA (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-7.0; P = .04) and carotid symptomatic status (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-3.8; P = .01); carotid symptomatic status also predicted stroke (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.6; P = .03), but CCAB did not.ConclusionsIn patients with symptomatic CAD, both clinical CAD severity and operative strategy affect outcomes. In SA patients, CCAB does not increase perioperative morbidity. However, CCAB in UA patients prevents MI while not appreciably increasing stroke risk. This suggests that coronary revascularization before or concomitant with CEA should be considered in UA patients but that prioritizing coronary intervention is less important in SA patients.     

颅外段颈动脉狭窄的治疗策略

目的：探讨颅外段颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析上海中山医院血管外科2012年1～6月51例颅外段颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者的临床资料,16例行颈动脉内膜剥脱术（carotid endarterectomy,CEA）,35例行颈动脉支架置入术（ carotid artery stenting ,CAS）。结果51例手术均获成功,1例CAS术后即刻脑卒中,1例CEA术后第3天短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）,1例CAS术后颈动脉窦压迫。全组术后随访9～15个月,平均13．6月,复查颈动脉B超,无严重再狭窄。结论根据颅外段颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者的相关医学资料,对于有下列情况之一的患者我们倾向于行CEA：①6个月内1次或多次TIA,且颈动脉狭窄度≥70％;②6个月内1次或多次轻度非致残性卒中发作,症状或体征持续超过24小时且颈动脉狭窄度≥70％;③对于经颈部血管CTA和颈动脉全脑血管造影发现的颈动脉狭窄段≥2 cm。对于有下列情况之一的患者我们倾向于行CAS：①无症状性颈动脉狭窄度≥70％;②有症状性狭窄度范围50％～69％;③无症状性颈动脉狭窄度＜70％,但血管造影或其他检查提示狭窄病变处于不稳定状态。