荧光原位杂交快速检测羊水胎儿染色体非整倍体

目的探讨应用荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH)技术用于快速产前诊断胎儿染色体非整倍体的临床价值。方法采用13、21和18、X、Y两组染色体探针,对308例未培养的羊水细胞样本进行染色体非整倍体检测。所有样本同时进行羊水细胞的常规G显带核型分析并作为标准,对FISH技术进行评价。结果 308例标本均成功杂交,共检出染色体异常14例,包括21三体10例、18三体2例、XXX 1例及XYY 1例,均与羊水培养细胞核型分析结果一致,另外9例染色体正常变异FISH技术未能检出。结论 FISH技术可以快速、准确地检测出胎儿染色体数目异常,联合羊水细胞培养能够更好的服务于临床,使产前诊断的效能达到最大化。     

淮安地区322例羊水细胞荧光原位杂交技术与核型分析结果分析

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术结合羊水细胞培养在检测胎儿染色体异常中的临床应用价值。方法用FISH技术检测322例孕17-28周孕妇的未培养羊水细胞,同时进行常规羊水细胞培养核型分析,将两者结果进行对照分析。结果 322例未培养羊水细胞FISH检测成功321例,其中检出正常303例,数目异常18例,与常规细胞培养核型分析结果一致,另外4例正常变异、1例嵌合体以及1例罗伯逊易位型21三体未被FISH技术检测出。结论 FISH技术检测未培养羊水细胞染色体数目异常具有快速、简便、所用样本量少的优势,可以作为羊水细胞染色体核型分析的补充,但对于检测同源罗伯逊易位型21三体有一定局限性。     

应用荧光原位杂交产前诊断未培养羊水细胞非整倍体

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescenceinsituhybridization,FISH)诊断未培养羊水细胞非整倍体的临床应用价值。方法对55例孕16～32周未培养羊水细胞进行FISH快速产前诊断,应用多色FISH对另4条染色体(X、Y、13号和18号)进行检测。以经母腹穿刺取胎血常规核型分析作为FISH检测结果对照。结果被检55例羊水未培养细胞均获得诊断结果,发现两例异常胎儿。1例为标准型21三体;另1例为21三体嵌合体。FISH检测与常规核型分析结果一致。结论FISH检测未培养羊水细胞非整倍体具有快速、简便、所用样本量少的优势,结果准确可靠,可达到产前诊断要求,有较大临床应用价值。     

中山地区羊水细胞培养核型分析联合荧光原位杂交技术在产前诊断中的应用

目的探索羊水细胞培养核型分析联合荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)在产前诊断中的应用价值;方法采集16~22孕周、有产前诊断指征孕妇的羊水标本369例,进行羊水细胞培养核型分析并同时采用13/18/21/X/Y染色体探针对未培养羊水进行FISH检测;结果 369例羊水细胞培养核型分析成功363例,异常27例(数目异常18例,结构异常9例);未培养羊水细胞FISH检测全部成功,其中数目异常18例,与常规细胞培养核型分析结果一致,结论核型分析与FISH在常见染色体非整倍体异常方面保持较好的一致性,核型分析比较全面,异常检出率高;FISH操作比较快速、简便,是核型分析的有力补充。两种技术联合应用可以更有效地对胎儿染色体异常进行产前诊断。     

荆州地区522例羊水细胞遗传学结果分析

目的探讨羊水细胞遗传学分析在产前诊断中的应用价值。方法采集孕16~22周并有产前诊断指征孕妇的羊水标本522例,进行羊水细胞培养和染色体核型分析,并同时采用13/18/21/X/Y染色体探针对未培养羊水进行FISH检测。结果 504例羊水细胞培养和核型分析成功,异常54例(数目异常47例,结构异常7例);未培养羊水细胞FISH检测全部成功,其中数目异常48例,与常规细胞培养核型分析结果一致。NIPT技术应用可以进一步提高异常检出率,减少羊水穿刺检查数量。结论染色体核型分析与FISH在常见染色体非整倍体异常方面保持较好的一致性,核型分析比较全面,异常检出率高;FISH操作具有快速、简便等优点,是核型分析的有力补充。联合核型分析与FISH进行产前细胞遗传学诊断是一种行之有效的方法,但未来应建立以NIPT筛查为基础的产前诊断,并根据筛查结果选择合适的方法进行产前诊断。     

新疆地区荧光原位杂交产前诊断非整倍体的应用价值

目的探讨荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术产前诊断常见染色体非整倍体的应用价值。方法采用21、18、13、和Y染色体特异性DNA探针对96例孕18～23周孕妇的未培养羊水细胞进行FISH检测,同时行羊水细胞染色体核型分析。结果 FISH检测98例成功96例（97.9%）,其中染色体数目正常93例（48例为46,XX;45例为46,XY）染色体数目异常3例（2例47,XX,＋21;1例47,XX＋18）。FISH诊断结果与核型分析结果一致,染色体数目异常的3例与传统核型分析结果完全一致。结论 FISH技术用于产前诊断常见染色体非整倍体,具有简便、快速、特异性强敏感性高、所用样本量少等优点。     

广西地区荧光原位杂交技术在快速诊断胎儿染色体数目异常中的应用

目的使用荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术对广西地区胎儿染色体数目异常进行快速检测并评估其临床应用价值。方法采用FISH技术对758例未培养羊水标本进行染色体数目异常的检测,采用染色体核型分析技术作为对照。结果成功检测758例标本,检出正常核型747例,异常核型11例（其中21-三体7例,18-三体1例,13-三体1例,XYY2例）,所有结果与染色体核型分析一致。结论FISH检测简便、快速、准确性高、特异性强,对协助临床咨询及产前遗传学诊断具有重要意义,值得推广应用。     

荧光原位杂交技术在未培养羊水细胞产前诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术在产前诊断中的优缺点及临床应用价值。方法用FISH技术检测163例孕17-33周孕妇的未培养羊水细胞,每例均行常规染色体核型分析。结果应用FISH法,所有样本均在24h内获得检测结果,除4例羊水培养失败外,其余样本均在3周内获得细胞遗传学诊断。两种方法均检测出3例非整倍体,FISH结果与核型分析结果一致。9例染色体结构异常,FISH法未能检出。结论 FISH技术应用于产前诊断染色体非整倍体,成功率高,准确可靠,较常规核型分析方法有效缩短报告时间。FISH不能完全替代常规染色体核型分析,疑有染色体结构异常者,必须行羊水细胞染色体核型分析。母血清唐氏征筛查异常孕妇产前诊断倾向选择FISH检测。     

新疆地区950例荧光原位杂交技术联合羊水培养核型分析产前诊断的应用

目的探索荧光原位杂交(FISH)检测联合羊水培养核型分析在产前染色体疾病诊断中的应用价值;方法采集妊娠16周-26周、有产前诊断指针孕妇的羊水标本950例,采用13/18/21/X/Y染色体特异探针对未培养羊水进行FISH检测,同时将所有标本进行细胞培养核型分析;结果 FISH检测与细胞培养核型分析报告率均为100%;FISH在常见染色体非整倍体异常方面与核型分析保持高度一致性;FISH的检测结果可以提示部分嵌合体,可以明显提高异常病例核型报告检出的效率及准确度;结论荧光原位杂交(FISH)计数具有较高的细胞遗传检测效率;综合评估两种方法的优缺点及效率,关于我区产前诊断,理想中办法是将FISH检测与细胞培养核型分析联合运用。     

用荧光原位杂交技术产前诊断唐氏综合征

目的 用荧光原位杂交技术（Fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)快速产前诊断唐氏综合征。方法 采集23名孕妇14～24周的羊水标本，应用荧光标记的针对21号染色体特殊位点的探针（locus-sperifie probe,LSI）及X/Y染色体着丝粒探针（centromeric probe,CEP）对未培养的羊水间期细胞进行FISH；同步进行羊水细胞培养，行常规细胞遗传学染色体核型分析，以核型分析为标准，对FISH技术进行评价。结果 23份标本发生母血污染2例，培养失败1例，将其余20份羊水标本的FISH杂交结果与其染色体核型分析结果进行了比较。FISH分析羊水间期细胞性染色体数目正常者19例（XX11例，XY8例）与羊水中期细胞染色体核型分析结果一致，有1例羊水间期细胞FISH结果为X/XY，染色体核型分析结果为46，XY，因此，FISH与染色体核型分析结果的符合率为95%（19/20）；LSI21探针的FISH结果中21号染色体数目异常者1例，核型分析为典型的21三体，取脐血行G显带染色体核型分析得以验证为47，XY， 21。产前诊断染色体正常者追踪至分娩，新生儿行外周血染色体检查结果皆为正常核型。结论 荧光原位杂交技术可用于羊水间期细胞快速产前诊断唐氏综合征。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.