Application of continuous positive airway pressure in the delivery room: a multicenter randomized clinical trial

This study evaluated whether the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the delivery room alters the need for mechanical ventilation and surfactant during the first 5 days of life and modifies the incidence of respiratory morbidity and mortality during the hospital stay. The study was a multicenter randomized clinical trial conducted in five public university hospitals in Brazil, from June 2008 to December 2009. Participants were 197 infants with birth weight of 1000-1500 g and without major birth defects. They were treated according to the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics (APP). Infants not intubated or extubated less than 15 min after birth were randomized for two treatments, routine or CPAP, and were followed until hospital discharge. The routine (n=99) and CPAP (n=98) infants studied presented no statistically significant differences regarding birth characteristics, complications during the prenatal period, the need for mechanical ventilation during the first 5 days of life (19.2 vs 23.4%, P=0.50), use of surfactant (18.2 vs 17.3% P=0.92), or respiratory morbidity and mortality until discharge. The CPAP group required a greater number of doses of surfactant (1.5 vs 1.0, P=0.02). When CPAP was applied to the routine group, it was installed within a median time of 30 min. We found that CPAP applied less than 15 min after birth was not able to reduce the need for ventilator support and was associated with a higher number of doses of surfactant when compared to CPAP applied as clinically indicated within a median time of 30 min.     

持续硬膜外麻醉与全麻行经皮肾镜取石手术效果比较

目的 研究对经皮肾镜取石术患者实施持续硬膜外麻醉与全身麻醉的临床效果,比较两种方式的安全性。方法 选择2016年4月~12月在本院接受经皮肾镜取石手术治疗的患者60例,将其随机分成观察组和对照组,各30例。观察组患者接受持续硬膜外麻醉,对照组患者接受全身麻醉,比较两组患者麻醉后平均动脉压（MAP）、呼吸频率（RR）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）、中心静脉压（CVP）等指标,同时观察两组并发症发生情况。结果 观察组中患者的MAP、RR、HR、SpO2及CVP等水平均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,观察组并发症发生率低于对照组（13.33% vs 33.33%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 临床上针对经皮肾镜取石手术患者可以运用持续硬膜外麻醉的形式,其操作简单,安全性高,对患者造成的影响小,术后并发症率低,值得临床推广。     

CPAP对OSAS小型猪睡眠生理学影响

研究持续气道正压通气(CPAP)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)小型猪睡眠生理的影响。12只成年雄性小型猪随机分为A、B两组,均予22d、6h/d间歇性低压低氧处理。之后A组再给予30d、6h/d的CPAP治疗,B组饲养30d。低压低氧处理及CPAP治疗后,均行睡眠监测、咽部吸气负压检查。由软件得出呼吸暂停低通气指数(Apnea hypopnea index,AHI)、呼吸暂停指数(Apnea index,AI)、低通气指数(Hypopnea index,HI)、平均血氧饱和度(SpO2)。A组CPAP治疗后较治疗前AHI、AI均显著减少(P<0.05);而SpO2显著提高(P<0.05);HI无显著改变。A组CPAP治疗后AHI、AI、HI均显著低于B组(P<0.05);SpO2则显著高于B组(P<0.05)。B组饲养30d前后AHI、AI、HI、SpO2无显著差异。A组CPAP治疗后咽部吸气负压较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),并低于B组(P<0.05);B组30d后吸气负压增大(P<0.05)。结果提示CPAP治疗可显著改善OSAS小型猪的睡眠生理学指标。     

改良Lichtenstein疝修补术与Lichtenstein疝修补术的对比研究

目的比较改良Lichtenstein疝修补术与Lichtenstein疝修补术手术方法,探讨更加合理的手术方式。方法回顾分析我科316例成年腹股沟疝患者,其中162例实施改良Lichtenstein疝修补术,另154例实施Lichtenstein疝修补术。结果改良Lichtenstein组与Lichtenstein组平均手术时间30 min,改良Lichtenstein组无复发病例,Lichtenstein组复发5例,两组住院时间无差别,均未见睾丸萎缩。结论改良Lichtenstein修补腹股沟疝是目前较理想的术式之一,复发性腹股沟疝和老年高危患者应首选改良Lichtenstein术式。     

Respiratory syncytial virus associated illness in high-risk children and national characterisation of the circulating virus genotype in South Africa.

BACKGROUND: There is limited information about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in high-risk children from developing countries or on the genotype characterisation of the circulating virus. OBJECTIVE: To define the proportion of children with RSV associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) that had risk factors for severe disease and to genotype the circulating RSV strains across the country. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study was performed in four distinct regions. During April 2000-December 2000 (period 1), all children, with LRTI or without underlying high risk factors for severe RSV disease were enrolled. During January to September 2001 (period 2), only children with LRTI with underlying high risk factors were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were evaluated for RSV infection using an ELISA test. RSV isolates were also subtyped and genotyped. RESULTS: Fifty three (24%) of 220 children enrolled during period 1 had risk factors for severe RSV disease; in addition to which a further 38 high-risk children were enrolled during 2001. RSV was isolated from 16 (30%) of 53 and 37 (22%) of 167 high-risk and non-high risk children, respectively, P=0.31. High-risk children were more likely to require intensive unit care (25 vs. 2.7%, P=0.02) and were also more likely to be hospitalised for a longer duration (median 7 vs. 5 days, P=0.06) than non high-risk infants. Overall (periods 1 and 2), RSV was isolated from 34 (37.4%) of the 91 high-risk infants enrolled. Among high-risk children, those from whom RSV was isolated were more likely to require hospitalisation (73.5 vs. 54.4%, P=0.07) and admission to an intensive care unit (14.7 vs. 1.8%, P=0.03) than those from whom RSV was not isolated. Of 40 isolates subtyped during period one, 92.5% were subtype A. Further, 27 (83.3%) of 30 subtype A isolates genotyped during period 1 clustered with GA2. CONCLUSION: RSV is an important cause of LRTI among high-risk infants in a developing country such as South Africa. For the season in question, the genotype that was dominant in Johannesburg was isolated throughout the country, suggesting that successful genotypes may have the ability to spread nationwide.     

纳布啡清醒镇静镇痛在脊柱微创手术中的应用

目的 探讨纳布啡清醒镇静镇痛麻醉在脊柱微创手术中应用的可行性。方法 选择我院择期行椎间孔镜下椎间盘髓核摘除术及经皮椎体成形术患者60例,随机分成两组,各30例。实验组手术前予静脉注射盐酸纳布啡;对照组手术前予静脉注射生理盐水,两组患者均予1%利多卡因局部浸润麻醉后开始手术,术中若患者NRS评分≥6分,则予芬太尼50~100 μg/次进行补偿性镇痛。比较两组患者术中各时点的NRS评分、改良OAA/S评分、MAP、HR、SpO2、芬太尼用量、麻醉相关不良反应、患者和术者对麻醉的满意度等。结果 实验组T2、T3时刻NRS评分,T1时刻的OAA/S评分低于对照组（P＜0.01）;实验组T1、T2、T3时刻MAP、HR均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;对照组T2、T3时刻SpO2低于实验组;实验组T2、T3时刻芬太尼用量小于对照组（P＜0.01）;实验组恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制的发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组间头晕、瘙痒、尿潴留发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;实验组患者对麻醉的满意度评价高于对照组（P＜0.01）;术者对实验组麻醉的满意度高于对照组（P＜0.01）。结论 纳布啡清醒镇静镇痛用于脊柱微创手术麻醉,镇痛效果良好,心血管稳定性更好,不良反应较小,患者、术者对麻醉满意度高。目的 探讨纳布啡清醒镇静镇痛麻醉在脊柱微创手术中应用的可行性。方法 选择我院择期行椎间孔镜下椎间盘髓核摘除术及经皮椎体成形术患者60例,随机分成两组,各30例。实验组手术前予静脉注射盐酸纳布啡;对照组手术前予静脉注射生理盐水,两组患者均予1%利多卡因局部浸润麻醉后开始手术,术中若患者NRS评分≥6分,则予芬太尼50~100 μg/次进行补偿性镇痛。比较两组患者术中各时点的NRS评分、改良OAA/S评分、MAP、HR、SpO2、芬太尼用量、麻醉相关不良反应、患者和术者对麻醉的满意度等。结果 实验组T2、T3时刻NRS评分,T1时刻的OAA/S评分低于对照组（P＜0.01）;实验组T1、T2、T3时刻MAP、HR均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;对照组T2、T3时刻SpO2低于实验组;实验组T2、T3时刻芬太尼用量小于对照组（P＜0.01）;实验组恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制的发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组间头晕、瘙痒、尿潴留发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;实验组患者对麻醉的满意度评价高于对照组（P＜0.01）;术者对实验组麻醉的满意度高于对照组（P＜0.01）。结论 纳布啡清醒镇静镇痛用于脊柱微创手术麻醉,镇痛效果良好,心血管稳定性更好,不良反应较小,患者、术者对麻醉满意度高。     

经鼻湿化高流量通气对老年超重行首次胃镜检查患者生命体征及低氧血症发生率的影响

目的? 观察老年超重行首次胃镜检查患者接受经鼻湿化高流量通气干预对其生命体征及低氧血症发生率的影响。方法? 依据干预方法不同,将 2021 年 12 月至 2023 年 12 月郑州市中医院的 98 例老年超重行首次胃镜检查患者平均分为两组,检查前,49 例对照组患者行常规鼻导管吸氧,49 例观察组患者行经鼻湿化高流量通气,均干预到检查完毕,对比两组患者在检查期间的生命体征、苏醒时间、检查时间、低氧血症发生率及不良反应情况等。结果? 两组患者在麻醉前、插入胃镜后、苏醒时的心率和平均动脉压无统计学差异（P ＞ 0.05）,观察组一次胃镜检查成功率高于对照组,检查和离院时间短于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）,两组患者的苏醒时间无明显差异（P ＞ 0.05）,观察组检查期间最低血氧饱和度（Saturation of Blood Oxygen,SpO2）较对照组高,低氧血症发生率较对照组低（P ＜ 0.05）,两组患者的总不良反应发生率无统计学差异（P ＞ 0.05）。结论? 首次行胃镜检查的老年超重患者接受经鼻湿化高流量通气可有效维持镜检期间生命体征的稳定,缩短镜检及离院时间,提高一次检查的成功率,减少低氧血症的发生且较安全。     

术前布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入治疗后对合并上呼吸道感染的小儿喉罩全麻期间呼吸不良事件的影响

目的：评价术前对合并上呼吸道感染(upper respiratory infection,URTI)的小儿应用布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入预处理后,对其喉罩全麻期间的呼吸相关不良事件的影响。方法：选择本院2013年1月至2014年12月期间收治的合并URTI的腹股沟斜疝患儿80例,随机分为试验组(A组)和对照组(B组),对照组进行常规喉罩全麻,试验组则于术前应用布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入预处理后再进行喉罩全麻,观察并比较两组患儿麻醉期间出现的各种呼吸相关的不良事件发生率：SpO2<95%,咳嗽多痰、喉痉挛、支气管痉挛、术后声嘶和屏气的发生率。结果：A组SpO2<95%,咳嗽多痰、喉痉挛、屏气、支气管痉挛以及术后声嘶的发生率分别为12.5%、10%、7.5%、6%、0%、17.5%;B组分别为37.5%、32.5%、37.5%、17.5%、35%、2.5%。A组SpO2<95%,咳嗽多痰、喉痉挛的发生率比B组更小差异明显,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而声音嘶哑、屏气、支气管痉挛的发生率差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：应用布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入预处理对于合并URTI的小儿行喉罩全麻,可以有效地降低麻醉期间与呼吸相关不良事件的发生率。     

The effects of the critical pathway for inguinal hernia repair

This study was conducted to develop a case management program using the critical pathway (CP) as an intervention method for patients with an inguinal hernia for a herniorrhaphy, and to determine the effects of the CP on the period of hospitalization, medical costs, the rates of postoperative complaints, patient satisfaction and the nurses' job satisfaction. One hundred patients (60 in the experimental group, 40 in the control group) who were admitted to a general hospital in Seoul for inguinal herniorrhaphy were enrolled in this study. The results showed that the period of hospitalization and the postoperative hospital stay were significantly reduced in the CP group. In addition, the total medical cost, was lowered significantly by use of the CP for patients undergoing an inguinal herniorrhaphy. The rates of postoperative complaints, patients' satisfaction and the information on the treatment were enhanced after implementing the CP. These results suggests that the CP may be a useful tool for enhancing the health care outcome by decreasing the period of hospitalization, overall medical costs and by improving the quality of care, all of which can benefit the patients, the patients' family, caregivers and the hospital.     

系统评价胎龄小于32周早产儿预防性经鼻持续气道正压通气的作用

目的评价早产儿早期应用经鼻持续气道正压通气（NCPAP）预防呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）,减少呼吸机应用、病死率和并发症的发生。方法以（prophylactic nasal CPAP OR early nasal CPAP）AND （preterm infants OR low birth weightinfants） ,经鼻持续气道正压通气AND（早产儿OR低出生体重儿）为英中文关键词,检索PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane临床对照试验库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、中国知网和万方数据库,检索时间均从建库至2011年12月,并辅以手工检索。应用RevMan5．0软件进行Meta分析,根据异质性结果选择相应的效应模型分析;无法进行Meta分析时采用描述性分析。结果8篇RCT文献进入分析。Meta分析结果显示：NCPAP组未能显著降低早产儿气管插管呼吸机应用率（RR=-0．09,95％CI：-0．19～0．02,P=0．09）、RDS发生率（RR=0．81,95％CI：0．59—1．1,P=0．18）和病死率（RR=0．88,95％CI：0．72～1．09,P=0．25）;NCPAP组能显著减少早产儿肺表面活性物质应用率（RR=0．72,95％CI：0．64—0．80,P〈0．00001）。NCPAP组未能显著减少气管插管呼吸机通气时间（MD=-1．91d,95％CI：-6．47～4．45d,P=0．72）及氧气应用时间（MD=-0．46d,95％CI：-6．55—5．63d,P=0．88）。NCPAP组除增加气胸的发生率外,并未明显增加支气管肺发育不良、颅内出血、早产儿视网膜病、败血症、新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎和动脉导管未闭等并发症的发生率。结论目前的证据表明早期应用NCPAP可减少肺表面活性物质应用,但增加了气胸的发生率;未能减少早产儿呼吸机应用、RDS发生率和病死率,未增加除气胸外的其他并发症发生率。     

A comparative study of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis in premature infants within the Canadian Registry of Palivizumab (CARESS)

We examined the dosing regimens, compliance, and outcomes of premature infants who received palivizumab within the Canadian Registry of Palivizumab (CARESS). Infants receiving ≥1 dose of palivizumab during the 2006-2011 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasons were recruited across 30 sites. Respiratory illness events were captured monthly. Infants ≤32 completed weeks gestational age (GA) (Group 1) were compared to 33-35 completed weeks GA infants (Group 2) following prophylaxis. In total, 6,654 patients were analyzed (Group 1, n?=?5,183; Group 2, n?=?1,471). The mean GA was 29.9?±?2.9 versus 34.2?±?2.2?weeks for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Group differences were significant (all p-values <0.05) for the following: proportion of males, Caucasians, siblings, multiple births, maternal smoking, smoking during pregnancy, household smokers, >5 household individuals, birth weight, and enrolment age. Overall, infants received 92.6?% of expected injections. Group 1 received significantly more injections, but a greater proportion of Group 2 received injections within recommended intervals. The hospitalization rates were similar for Groups 1 and 2 for respiratory illness (4.7?% vs. 3.7?%, p?=?0.1) and RSV (1.5?% vs. 1.4?%, p?=?0.3). Neither the time to first respiratory illness [hazard ratio?=?0.9, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.7-1.2, p?=?0.5] nor to first RSV hospitalization (hazard ratio?=?1.3, 95 % CI 0.8-2.2, p?=?0.3) were different. Compliance with RSV prophylaxis is high. Despite the higher number of palivizumab doses in infants ≤32 completed weeks GA, the two groups' respiratory illness and RSV-positive hospitalization rates were similar.     

新生儿无创呼吸机防治新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的效果

目的 探讨无创呼吸机治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的效果。方法 选取2016年5月~2019年5月我院新生儿科收治的60例呼吸窘迫综合征新生儿作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组实施机械通气治疗,观察组实施无创呼吸机治疗,比较两组动脉血气指标（pH、PaO2、PaCO2）及并发症发生率。结果 观察组pH,PaO2和PaCO2低于对照组[（7.06±0.31）vs（8.14±0.65）]、[（75.63±5.84）mmHg vs（86.12±6.31）mmHg]、[（30.58±3.95）mmHg vs（42.52±5.14）mmHg],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组并发症发生率为3.33%,低于对照组的23.33%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 实施无创呼吸机治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征,可改善患儿动脉血气指标,降低并发症发生率。     

全身麻醉对脐血乳酸、S100B、SOD、MDA以及胎盘体视学的影响

目的:通过研究全身麻醉(GA)与腰硬联合麻醉(SA)对脐带血乳酸、S100B、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)水平以及胎盘体视学的影响,探讨全身麻醉下行剖宫产的安全性以及对新生儿影响。方法:选择50例行择期剖宫产术的单胎足月初产妇,分GA组和SA组,2组均为25例。记录术中产妇的血压、心率以及新生儿1 min及5 min的Apgar评分,比较2组脐动脉血乳酸、血清S100B浓度、SOD与MDA水平,并取胎盘组织对绒毛微血管进行体视学研究。结果:2组术中血流动力学参数、新生儿1 min及5 min的Apgar评分、脐动脉血p H、红细胞压积(Hct)、血红蛋白(Hb)浓度、脐带血血清S100B浓度和胎盘绒毛微血管的长度密度,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),GA组脐血乳酸浓度和SOD活性较SA组降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);GA组脐带血MDA含量和胎盘绒毛微血管体积密度较SA组增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:全身麻醉对剖宫产新生儿安全无明显影响;虽然脐血乳酸以及胎盘绒毛体视学观察结果显示,全身麻醉下行剖宫产对新生儿的氧供有利,但是氧化-抗氧化指标结果显示,全身麻醉有对新生儿产生氧自由基损伤的可能。     

下腹单小切口入路手术治疗双侧腹股沟疝临床分析

目的探讨下腹单小切口入路手术治疗双侧腹股沟疝的临床应用价值。方法对我院2006年8月至2013年1月经下腹单切口治疗双侧腹股沟疝26例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,分析该术式的手术时间、术后并发症、住院时间及复发情况等。结果 26例双侧腹股沟疝中,手术时间(50.6±11.6)min,术后住院时间(5.8±1.4)d,并发症发生率3.8%,随访10~58个月,无复发病例。结论采用下腹单小切口治疗双侧腹股沟疝修补技术安全可靠、疗效确切,具有操作简单、手术创伤小、切口愈合美观、恢复快、复发率低且费用低等诸多优点,符合微创化手术原则。     

A controlled trial of synthetic surfactant in infants weighing 1250 g or more with respiratory distress syndrome. The American Exosurf Neonatal Study Group I, and the Canadian Exosurf Neonatal Study Group

BACKGROUND. Surfactant-replacement therapy is now recognized as a life-saving and safe intervention in small premature infants, but there is little evidence concerning its risks and benefits in larger premature infants. METHODS. We conducted a placebo-controlled, blinded trial in 1237 infants with respiratory distress who were enrolled at 23 hospitals in the United States and 13 hospitals in Canada. At entry all the infants weighed at least 1250 g, were receiving mechanical ventilation, and had a ratio of arterial to alveolar oxygen tension below 0.22. The initial dose of either the synthetic surfactant (Exosurf, 5 ml per kilogram of body weight) or air (the placebo) was administered less than 24 hours after birth, with a second dose given 12 hours later. A total of 614 infants were assigned to receive surfactant, and 623 to receive placebo. RESULTS. Fewer infants in the surfactant group than in the placebo group died before 28 days of age or survived at 28 days with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (7 percent vs. 12 percent, P = 0.002). In the first 28 days of life, there were fewer deaths due to respiratory distress syndrome in the surfactant group (1 percent vs. 3 percent, P = 0.043), lower overall neonatal mortality (4 percent vs. 7 percent, P = 0.04), and a lower incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (3 percent vs. 6 percent, P = 0.008). There was also a significantly lower incidence of pulmonary air leaks, intraventricular hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus, seizures, hypotension, and pulmonary hypertension in the surfactant group. The infants treated with surfactant were weaned from oxygen and mechanical ventilation significantly sooner than those given placebo, and they less often required high-frequency ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The primary side effect observed more frequently among the infants who received surfactant treatment was pulmonary hemorrhage (six infants vs. one infant, P = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS. In infants weighing at least 1250 g at birth who have respiratory distress syndrome, treatment with two doses of synthetic surfactant improves survival and reduces perinatal morbidity.     

Status asthmaticus

SA patients represent the most critical and challenging of all asthmatics. SA is a medical emergency that requires timely evaluation and initiation of therapy by pre-hospital and ED staff. Morbidity and mortality of patients who progress to respiratory failure requiring intubation and ventilator support remains significant. Debate whether SA represents a separate pathophysiologic entity in the spectrum of asthma is likely to continue until further understanding of this disease is gained. Until that time, therapy in the ED will center on β-agonists, bronchodilators, parenteral steroids, consideration of adjunctive treatments, and critical airway skills in those requiring assisted ventilation. Appropriate coordinated care between the ED and the ICU team is important to prevent unnecessary errors in the triage or lapses in care. Though SA patients are critically ill, well-orchestrated care can be wholly satisfying for the patient and the treating team of physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists.     

Prophylactic treatment of very premature infants with human surfactant

We undertook a randomized, controlled trial to determine whether human surfactant administered endotracheally at birth to very premature infants (gestational age, 24 to 29 weeks) would prevent the respiratory distress syndrome or reduce its severity. Thirty-one treated infants (birth weight, 938 +/- 286 g) were compared in a blinded fashion with 29 control infants (birth weight, 964 +/- 174 g). The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio was less than 2 in all infants, and phosphatidylglycerol was not present in amniotic fluid or tracheal fluids at birth, indicating a deficiency of surfactant in the lungs. The principal dependent variables were neonatal death, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and the infant's requirement for respiratory support (and its complications). The surfactant-treated group had significantly fewer deaths than the control group (16 percent vs. 52 percent, P less than 0.001), fewer cases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (16 percent vs. 31 percent), and significantly fewer cases of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (P less than 0.001) and pneumothorax (P less than 0.02). Prophylactic treatment with human surfactant also substantially reduced the period of neonatal intensive care. We conclude that treatment with human surfactant offers promise for improving the survival of very premature infants with a surfactant deficiency and for reducing the pulmonary sequelae of the respiratory distress syndrome.     

肺表面活性物质联合CPAP治疗NRDS的疗效

目的 观察肺表面活性物质（PS）联合持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（NRDS）的疗效。方法 选择2016年6月~2019年5月我院收治的62例NRDS患儿,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各31例。对照组接受CPAP治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合PS治疗。比较两组临床疗效、pH、动脉二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、氧合指数（OI）、住院时间及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组总有效率为93.55%,高于对照组的74.19%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组pH、PaO2、OI均高于对照组,PaCO2低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组支气管肺发育不良发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组肺不张、气胸及腹胀发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;观察组住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 NRDS患儿接受PS联合CPAP治疗有利于改善动脉血气指标,提升呼吸功能,缩短住院时间,降低相关并发症发生率。     

体外循环术后采用低坡卧位护理的临床价值

目的：探究低坡卧位护理在行体外循环术的患者术后早期的临床应用价值。方法：选取我院2012年1月至2015年1月在全麻诱导辅助体外循环下行心脏外科手术的845例患者随机分为研究组423例与对照组422例。对照组患者术后给予全麻术后常规护理,研究组患者在对照组的基础上给予术后早期低坡卧位护理。比较两组患者术后6 h内的呼吸循环功能、术后1~2 d生命体征的变化情况、术后气管插管和引流管的留置时间以及住院天数。结果：与对照组相比,研究组患者术后6 h SpO2异常以及术后1~2 d呼吸异常的发生率均较低,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);研究组患者术后气管插管和引流管的留置时间以及住院天数与对照组相比均明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。结论：早期低坡卧位护理对行体外循环术的患者有较好的临床疗效,值得在临床上推广。     

SEA—1型微型急救呼吸机的研制与临床应用

针对急症救护的突发性和不确定性，为提高国内院外或入院前急救和早期心肺脑复苏水平，急需一台随救护车携带的微型急救呼吸机，该呼吸机应具有体积小，重量轻，携带方便，无需电源，安装迅速，操作简便，通气效果确切，配有简易安全装置等特征。