川芎嗪可抑制吗啡戒断大鼠的高血压及血清单胺类递质的升高

目的:观察川芎蓁对吗啡戒断大鼠高血压的抑制及血清单胺类递质的影响。方法:采用剂量递增的方法皮下注射吗啡,经纳络酮催瘾建立吗啡戒断大鼠模型,根据戒断反应中大鼠的mABP评定戒断大鼠血压水平。用分光光度计检测血中单胺类递质的含量。结果:3种不同剂量的川芎嗪可抑制吗啡戒断大鼠的高血压症状及血清单胺递质的升高,并呈量效关系。结论:60mg·kg-1的川芎嗪可明显抑制吗啡戒断大鼠的高血压症状,并抑制戒断反应引起的血清单胺类递质的升高。     

影响大鼠吗啡依赖和戒断反应的实验因素

在饮水中溶入硫酸吗啡，逐日提高吗啡浓度，ＳＤ大鼠在饮入吗啡后第１０天产生明显的吗啡依赖。而同样方法饮入盐酸吗啡效果较差。每日皮下注射盐酸吗啡或硫酸吗啡１周后，纳洛酮催瘾下的戒断症状均明显强于口服饮入硫酸吗啡鼠。慢性吗啡处理大鼠戒断状态下心血管功能受麻醉、药物依赖性程度及吗啡给入途径的影响；清醒动物纳洛酮催瘾时血压升高、心率加快；戊巴比妥麻醉下血压降低、心率减慢，而且自饮吗啡成瘾鼠麻醉状态下的降压窦     

不同方法使用东莨菪碱脱毒效果的比较

目的：观察东莨菪碱（scopolamine,Spm)和氯丙嗪（chloprmazine,Clo)对吗啡戒断反应的影响。方法：采用吗啡依赖大鼠模型,不同剂量单多次皮下注射（sc)东莨菪碱及合并使用氯丙嗪处理动物后,腹腔注射（ip)纳洛酮5mg/kg诱发戒断反应,观察戒断症状。结果：单次sc东莨菪碱1.0mg/kg及多次sc东莨菪碱0.5mg/kg可明显抑制吗啡依赖大鼠的身体戒断反应,合并注射氯丙嗪20.0mg/kg时的效果更好.结论:东莨菪碱通过Ach受体可以抑制吗啡戒断反应,氯丙嗪则可能通过作用于蓝斑墙 枢部位α2受体与东莨菪碱起到协同作用.     

腹侧被盖区微注射MK-801对大鼠吗啡戒断症状的影响

目的：研究中脑一边缘多巴胺回路腹侧被盖区(VTA)内源性谷氨酸信号转导在吗啡戒断形成中的作用．方法：给VTA微注射不同剂量谷氨酸NMDA受体拮抗剂( )MK-801,用行为学方法观察对吗啡戒断大鼠戒断症状的影响．递增量吗啡ip7d建立依赖模型,末次给药1．5hip盐酸纳洛酮(2mg／kg)诱发戒断症状,以Gellert-Hohzman Score和湿狗样颤为评价戒断症状程度的指标,进行统计学分析．结果：( )MK-801(2,5,10g／L)微注射于VTA可明显减弱吗啡戒断大鼠湿狗样颤的发生次数,且能显著降低吗啡戒断鼠的Gellert-Holtzman Score．结论：VTA内源性谷氨酸受体及其与中脑一边缘多巴胺能信号转导相互作用,参与吗啡戒断的形成,提示谷氨酸受体拮抗剂可用于吗啡戒断的治疗。     

褪黑素对吗啡戒断小鼠学习记忆及海马CA1区细胞数的影响

目的　观察褪黑素 (melatonin ,MT)对吗啡戒断小鼠学习记忆能力及海马CA1区细胞数的影响并探讨其机制。方法　建立小鼠吗啡依赖模型 ,皮下注射定量吗啡 ,在注射吗啡的同时每天 2次 (早晚 8:0 0 )用不同剂量的MT(2 .5、5、10mg·kg 1)给小鼠灌胃 ,腹腔注射纳络酮 (5mg·kg-1)催瘾 ,观察其戒断症状 ,电迷宫法检测小鼠学习记忆情况 ;行为学检测结束后 ,处死动物 ,取出全脑 ,固定切片 ,进行形态学观察。结果　褪黑素低、中、高剂量组学习记忆能力与吗啡戒断组比有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 0 1) ,在该实验剂量范围内有较好的量效关系 ;3组海马CA1区的细胞数与吗啡戒断组比有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　MT对吗啡戒断致小鼠学习记忆障碍有改善作用 ,这种作用可能与褪黑素保护海马CA1区神经细胞有关。     

复方瑞康欣对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状及下丘脑和丘脑单胺类神经递质的影响

目的 观察复方瑞康欣对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状、下丘脑和丘脑单胺类神经递质水平的影响,研究复方瑞康欣的戒毒作用机制.方法 SD大鼠按剂量递增法sc吗啡建立大鼠吗啡依赖模型.复方瑞康欣ig给药5 d后,经纳洛酮催瘾,观察戒断症状,并用荧光分光光度法检测下丘脑和丘脑去甲肾上腺素(NA)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)和5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)的量.结果 复方瑞康欣低、高剂量组戒断症状的评分值均低于吗啡戒断组(P＜0.01);复方瑞康欣能缓解吗啡依赖大鼠戒断后的体重丢失;复方瑞康欣高剂量组下丘脑NA、DA、5-HT递质水平比吗啡戒断组显著降低(P＜0.05);在丘脑中NA、DA、5-HT和5-HIAA的变化无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 复方瑞康欣能明显抑制吗啡依赖大鼠的戒断症状及降低下丘脑单胺类神经递质的量,下丘脑单胺类神经递质水平的下调可能是复方瑞康欣的戒毒作用机制之一.     

吗啡依赖大鼠模型的戒断行为学比较

目的　研究吗啡依赖大鼠模型建立方式和催促戒断给药剂量对戒断强度的影响及其相互关系。方法　对两种常用吗啡依赖大鼠模型在不同剂量纳洛酮催促戒断后,观察戒断体征及体重减轻来评估戒断强度。结果　两组方法均成功建立了大鼠吗啡依赖。5日法（吗啡总剂量380mg.kg－1）模型大鼠在2mg.kg－1和4mg.kg－1纳洛酮催促剂量下戒断强度无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。12日法模型（吗啡总剂量1365mg.kg－1）戒断强度随纳洛酮剂量增加显著上升（P＜0.01）,但仅在4mg.kg－1纳洛酮催促剂量时显著高于5日法模型。结论　应根据不同的实验要求,选择适当的吗啡依赖模型的建立方法,并结合实验条件判定结果。     

复方镇痛膏对吗啡依赖小鼠催瘾后戒断症状的影响

本文研究了戒毒中药经验制剂复方镇痛膏对吗啡依赖小鼠催瘾后戒断症状的影响。观察不同剂量复方镇痛膏对小鼠戒断症状的影响，结果表明，复方镇痛膏４８ｇ·ｋｇ－ １ 能够完全抑制催瘾后小鼠的跳跃反应（Ｐ＜ ０．０１），证实了该药有对抗吗啡依赖小鼠戒断症状的药效     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状及位置偏爱的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚(PHC)对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状及条件性位置偏爱效应的影响.方法 (1)48只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为吗啡依赖组(MOR组),纳洛酮促戒断组(NAL组),PHC治疗组(PHCl,2,3组),对照组(NS组),每组8只.剂量递增法连续5 d皮下注射吗啡(10～50mg/kg,每日2次)及纳洛酮催促戒断(5 mg/kg),建立吗啡躯体依赖大鼠模型.实验第6天上午,纳络酮催促戒断前30min腹腔注射不同剂量的PHC(0.5,1.0,1.5 mg/kg).观察各组大鼠在20 min内的体质量丧失情况及戒断症状.(2)40只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为吗啡诱导组(MOR组),PHC治疗组(PHC1,2,3组),对照组(NS组),每组8只.连续7d交替皮下注射吗啡(10mg/kg,每天1次)或生理盐水,诱导大鼠的吗啡位置偏爱效应.实验第8天停用吗啡,NS组与MOR组腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水;PHC治疗组则分别腹腔注射PHC 0.5,1.0,1.5 mg/kg.各组大鼠行CPP测试.结果 (1)PHC治疗组能明显缓解吗啡依赖大鼠的催促戒断症状,其体质量丧失[(8.53±1.20)g、(7.36±1.06)g、(5.40±1.79)g,(12.63±2.22)g,F=83.16,P＜0.01]和戒断症状评分[(25.36±3.11)分、(21.38±3.50)分、(17.06±1.78)分,(31.69±2.76)分,F=256.56,P＜0.01)]明显低于NAL组,且呈剂量依赖性.(2)PHC治疗组的灰区停留时间与MOR组比较显著缩短[(529±83)s、(460±107)s、(418±97)s,(643±111)s,F=13.22,P＜0.01],且呈剂量依赖性.结论 PHC急性治疗能剂量依赖的抑制吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状和条件性位置偏爱的表达.     

褪黑激素对小鼠吗啡戒断反应及血清单胺类递质的抑制作用

目的观察褪黑激素对小鼠吗啡戒断反应及血清单胺类递质的影响。方法皮下注射定量吗啡,建立小鼠吗啡依赖模型;腹腔注射纳络酮催瘾。根据小鼠戒断反应中出现跳跃反应的潜伏期和跳跃次数评定戒断反应的强度。用高效液相色谱电化学检测法（ＨＰＬＣＥＣＤ）检测血中去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺含量。结果４种不同剂量（２５、５０、１００、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）的褪黑激素对小鼠吗啡戒断反应有明显抑制作用,并呈很好的量效关系。１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的褪黑激素可抑制吗啡戒断反应引起的血清中去甲肾上腺素及多巴胺浓度的升高。结论褪黑激素可抑制小鼠吗啡戒断反应,并抑制戒断反应引起血清单胺类递质的升高。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.