深低温停循环重力脑逆行灌注在主动脉瘤手术中的脑保护作用

目的 探讨深低温停循环重力脑逆行性灌注技术在主动脉夹层动脉瘤手术中对脑和脊髓的保护作用。方法 建立体外循环后，开始降温。肛温17℃时，患者深度头低位（deep trendelenburg position)。控制股静脉回流，股动脉流量降至1．5L／min，升高和维持中心静脉压在20－23cmH2O(1kPa=10.2cmH2O)，即可完成脑逆行性灌注。结果 本组2例患者停循环脑逆行性灌注时间分别为50分钟和116分钟，术后未发生神经系统并发症。结论 深低温停循环重力脑逆行性灌注技术操作简单，能够充分暴露术野，对脑和脊髓有很好的保护作用。     

深低温停循环上腔静脉逆行灌注在主动脉瘤手术中的应用

１９９２．９－１９９３．７在深低温停循环连续上腔静脉逆行灌注下行升主动脉瘤及主动脉夹层动脉瘤手术１２例。病变侵及主动脉右弓，主动脉弓或弓降部。包括Ｂｅｎｔａｌｌ手术，高位右弓峡替换１０例；主动脉升，弓，降部替换，头臂动脉移植１例；大动脉炎，升主动脉全长狭窄行长补片成形术１例。病人全部存活。ＤＨＣＡ逆行灌注时间２７－８１ｍｉｎ，病人均于术后４小时内清醒，无神经系统并发症，测定入脑血和出脑血氧含量及乳     

脑动脉瘤手术麻醉的脑保护

脑动脉瘤手术是难度较大的颅内操作之一,我们针对颅内动脉瘤手术麻醉处理特点,探索脑保护综合措施,取得良好效果.     

深低温停循环经上腔静脉逆行灌注眼底微血管血流观测

深低温停循环经上腔静脉逆行灌注 (ＲＣＰ)脑保护在临床的应用已较为普遍 ,但关于ＲＣＰ是否能提供有效的脑灌注尚存在争议。我们的实验采用眼底血管荧光造影 (ＦＦＡ)和彩色多普勒超声检查 ,观察眼底微血管显像和血流状况来评估ＲＣＰ期间的脑灌注效果。材料和方法　健康北京农大小型猪 6只 ,体重 19～ 2 0ｋｇ。 3%戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉 ,肌松药采用阿端 0 10～ 0 15ｍｇ ｋｇ ,采用芬太尼 10 μｇ ｋｇ静脉注射维持麻醉。1.术前 2ｄ作ＦＦＡ为对照　经耳缘静脉注射 2 0 %荧光素钠 3ｍｌ,10ｓ后开始拍照 ,直至 3ｍｉｎ后动、静脉均匀显影…     

利多卡因对逆行脑灌注脑保护的影响

目的:观察利多卡因能否改善逆行脑灌注的脑保护作用。方法:16只杂种犬接受体外循环并降温至20C,停循环,逆行脑灌注120分钟,恢复体外循环并复温至36℃。利多卡因组(n=8)实验期间持续给予利多卡因(4mg·kg~(-1)后0.2mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1),逆行脑灌注期间为0.5mg·min~(-1));对照组(n=8)则给予等量生理盐水。结果:实验末利多卡因组脑组织磷酸肌酸、三磷酸腺苷含量和能量指数均明显高于对照组(分别为磷酸肌酸:2.44±0.53比1.61±0.49μmol/gwetw,P<0.01;三磷酸腺苷:0.71±0.18比0.50±0.17μmol/gwetw,P<0.05;能量指数:0.59±0.10比0.48±0.09,P<0.05)。但两组间脑组织丙二醛含量无显著差异。结论:围逆行脑灌注期间持续给予利多卡因改善脑保护作用,可能与恢复体外循环后犬脑组织高能磷酸盐含量增加有关。     

深低温停循环逆行脑灌注行胸主动脉瘤手术体会

20 0 1年 7月至 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,我们采用用深低温停循环(DHCA)辅以上腔静脉持续逆行脑灌注 (CRCP)方法 ,手术治疗 2例急性DeBakeyI型夹层动脉瘤 (DAA)和 1例急性钝性创伤性主动脉峡部破裂伴假性动脉瘤 (FA)病人 ,效果满意。现报道如下。临床资料　 2例DAA均为男性 ;年龄 32、4 4岁。急性胸痛入院 ;经CT、MRI确诊 ;单个内膜裂口 ,分别位于导管韧带旁、左锁骨下动脉旁 ;升主动脉直径 5 4cm、4 6cm ;超声心动图示主动脉瓣微量反流。 1例行升主动脉加半弓置换术 ,1例行升主动脉、全弓置换加“象鼻”术。1例FA为女性 ,38岁。车祸…     

选择性脑灌注在小儿主动脉弓手术中的应用

目的为了减轻手术中的脑损伤,探讨选择性脑灌注（SCP）技术在小儿主动脉弓手术中应用的有效性和安全性。方法2007年4月至2008年5月上海儿童医学中心对32例小儿先天性心脏病患者施行主动脉弓手术中应用SCP技术;年龄8d～103个月（14．4±25．4个月）,体重2．7～22．0kg（6．7±4．4kg）,其中主动脉缩窄伴心内畸形22例,主动脉弓中断伴心内畸形10例。采用弹簧动脉插管,在升主动脉靠近无名动脉根部处插管,转流降温至肛温18～20℃,然后将动脉灌注管向上延伸插入无名动脉内进行SCP。结果SCP时间为17～121min（39．6±19．4min）,流量维持在15～40ml／（kg·min）[29．7±6．1ml／（kg·min）]。术后死亡4例,死亡原因为低心排血量或心律失常,均无脑损伤证据。生存28例患者在临床中均无明显神经系统并发症,术后25例患者做脑电图检查均无异常,5例新生儿患者做头颅B超和脑磁共振成像（MRI）检查未见异常。结论SCP是小儿主动脉弓手术中一种简单可行和安全有效的脑保护方法。     

主动脉弓手术顺行性与逆行性脑灌注研究进展CSCD

顺行性脑灌注(antegrade cerebral perfusion,ACP)和逆行性脑灌注(retrograde cerebral perfusion,RCP)已经成为主动脉弓手术中施行脑保护的两种主要手术方法,何者效果更佳尚处存争议。本文通过对近几年全球部分心脏中心对ACP及RCP进行的对比性研究及实验室研究分析后发现,采用ACP或RCP两种手术方法行术中脑保护后的患者在暂时性神经功能障碍、永久性神经功能障碍、脑卒中、早期死亡率、长期生存率等方面的差异并无统计学意义,但RCP会延长患者ICU停留时间、气管插管有创辅助呼吸时间及住院时间,且ACP可以延长手术时间以便完成更多的手术操作。ACP在主动脉弓手术施行脑保护方面优势明显。若手术操作较简单、手术时间较短,可选择RCP联合深低温停循环(deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,DHCA),从而减少手术视野中插管的数量,方便操作。     

深低温停循环经右锁骨下动脉持续脑灌注与经上腔静脉逆行脑灌注的比较

目的比较深低温停循环(DHCA)时经右锁骨下动脉持续脑灌注(RSA)和经上腔静脉逆行脑灌注(SVC)对脑组织的保护效果。方法将36只杂种猫随机分为6组(n=6)建立体外循环(CPB)。1组DHCA45min,无脑灌注;2组DHCA45min,经上腔静脉逆行脑灌注;3组DHCA45min,经右锁骨下动脉持续脑灌注;4组DHCA90min,无脑灌注;5组DHCA90min,经上腔静脉逆行脑灌注;6组DHCA90min,经右锁骨下动脉持续脑灌注。检测各组脑组织超微结构、颈静脉血乳酸含量、脑组织ATP含量和一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活性。结果DHCA时间相同时,SVC组和RSA组脑组织光镜及电镜下缺血、缺氧改变明显轻于无脑灌注组,颈静脉血乳酸含量和脑组织NOS活性均显著低于无脑灌注组(P<0.05),脑组织ATP含量显著高于无脑灌注组(P<0.05)。DHCA45min后,SVC组和RSA组比较各指标差异无统计学意义。DHCA90min后,RSA组脑组织超微结构缺血、缺氧改变轻于SVC组。且RSA组脑组织ATP含量[(2.02±0.19)μmol/g]显著高于SVC组[(1.72±0.21)μmol/g,P<0.05]。结论长时间深低温停循环时经右锁骨下动脉持续脑灌注比经上腔静脉逆行脑灌注更有利于保护脑组织的氧供需平衡。     

中深度低温选择性脑灌注在DeBakey-I型夹层动脉瘤术中的应用

目的：为了减少DeBakey-I型夹层动脉瘤患者术后神经系统及其他系统并发症，探讨其灌注方法。方法：20例DeBekey-I型动脉瘤患者均采用中深度低温停循环选择性脑灌注和下半身灌注技术行象鼻手术。结果：全组患者无死亡，1例由于病变压迫髂总动脉而致术后发生第4胸椎以下软瘫，1例术后发生急性肾功能衰竭，其余患者无任何术后并发症，痊愈出院。结论：中深度低温停循环选择性脑灌注和下半身灌注技术可以延长大脑和脊髓的安全保护时限，减少术后并发症，并有效地配合完成手术，提高手术疗效。     

Clinical application of retrograde cerebral perfusion for brain protection during surgery of ascending aortic aneurysm--a report of 50 cases

This study was designed to discuss the effects on the brain by different protective methods in ascending aortic aneurysm surgery retrospectively. Two hundred seventy-one surgeries of ascending aortic aneurysm have been done in the past 15 years. There were 65 patients with a dissecting aneurysm of the aortic arch or right arch. To protect the brain, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) combined with retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) through superior vena cava (N = 50) and simple DHCA (N = 15) were used during the procedure. Blood samples for lactic acid level from the jugular vein were compared in both groups. Perfusion blood distribution and oxygen content difference between the perfused blood and returned blood were measured in 5 and 10 of RCP patients, respectively. The DHCA time was 35.86 +/- 18.81 min (10 approximately 63 min) and DHCA + RCP time was 45.5 +/- 17.21 min (16 approximately 81 min). The resuscitation time was 7.11 +/- 1.59 h (4.4 - 9.4 h) in DHCA versus 5.43 +/- 2.15 h (2 approximately 9 h) in RCP patients. The operation death rate was 3/15 in DHCA group and 1/50 in RCP patients. Central nervous complication occurred in 3/12 of DHCA patients and 1/49 of RCP patients (p < .01). The overall survival rate was 96% (RCP) versus 67% (DHCA); the central nervous system dysfunction was 20% in DHCA versus 2% in RCP (p < .001). The blood lactic acid level increased significantly after reperfusion in DHCA than that in RCP. The measurement of blood distribution indicated that approximately 2Q% of the perfused blood returned from arch vessels. The difference of oxygen content between perfused and returned blood showed that the oxygen uptake was adequate in RCP group. The application of RCP can prolong the safety duration of circulation arrest. Continuous cerebral perfusion may maintain the brain at a cooler temperature and flush out particulate and air emboli while open anastomosis of the aortic arch to the prosthesis can be safely performed. Therefore, RCP is a preferable method for brain protection in our clinical practices.     

分次阻断胸腹主动脉重建术13例

目的 总结胸腹主动脉瘤（TAA）分次主动脉阻断法胸腹主动脉重建的经验,探讨该手术方式对降低手术病死率、减少严重并发症－肾衰、截瘫等的作用。方法 运用改良的Crawford法行胸腹主动脉分支重建术13例。其中男性9例,女性4例。TAA分型为I型1例,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅲ型2例,Ⅳ型3例（Crawford分型）;主动脉夹层Debakey I型1例,主动脉夹层DebakeyⅢ4例（其中2例为动脉瘤破裂急诊手术病例）;主动脉缩窄1例。结果 13例手术均成功完成,1例于手术即将结束时因心脏意外死亡,手术病死率为7．7％（1／13）。本组病例手术并发症：急性坏死性胰腺炎1例,ARDS 1例,胸腔出血2例,截瘫、急性肾功能衰竭发生率各为7．7％。结论 分次主动脉阻断法行胸腹主动脉重建术降低了手术病死率及凶险并发症发生率,减少了脏器的缺血性损伤,是常温全身麻醉下行主动脉置换较为合理的方式。     

腹主动脉瘤100例外科治疗分析

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤外科治疗经验。方法 总结1979年6月至1998年12月手术治疗的腹主动脉瘤100例,其中肾上型腹主动脉瘤8例,91例行腹主动脉瘤切除,人工血管移植术;涤纶片瘤体包裹术8例,术中死亡1例。结果 14例腹主动脉瘤破裂,,急诊手术手术死亡率50%（7例）,其余未破裂者手术死亡率3.5%(3/86)。结论 术前诊断和手术时机的掌握是提高手术成功率的关键,对腹主动脉瘤应积极择期手术,手术技术和麻醉监护水平的不断改进提高和围手术期的正确处理使腹主动脉瘤手术更为安全、快捷,术后恢复更快更好。     

腹主动脉瘤血管腔内治疗与开放手术治疗的疗效比较

目的 比较腹主动脉瘤血管腔内治疗与开放手术治疗的近期疗效。方法 对34例肾下型腹主动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行分析，比较腔内治疗组（15例）与传统开放手术治疗组（19例）的术前状况、手术相关情况、术后并发症、死亡率及手术前后的实验室检查数据。结果 腔内组术中出血量和输血量明显少于手术组（P=0．005、P=0．015），腔内组术后平均禁食时间和平均住院时间较手术组明显缩短（P〈0．0l、P：0．001）。手术组术后并发症发生率明显高于腔内组（P〈0．01）。术后第3天白细胞计数腔内组明显低于手术组（P=0．020）；术后第5天红细胞计数及血肌酐水平在腔内组均明显高于手术组（P=0．011、P=0．034）。结论 腹主动脉瘤血管腔内治疗具有安全、微创、对人体内环境干扰小的优点，近期疗效较传统开放手术好。     

经主动脉切口治疗主动脉根部瘤合并二尖瓣病变

目的 总结经主动脉切口治疗主动脉根部瘤合并二尖瓣病变的初步经验。方法 2009年3月至2010年12月,经主动脉瓣口行二尖瓣手术16例中男13例,女3例;年龄18～ 75岁,平均(40±10)岁。16例中Bentall+ MVR术12例,Bentall+ MVP术1例,Bentall+全弓置换+支架象鼻+MVP术1例,...     

年轻人腹主动脉瘤九例临床分析

目的探讨年轻人腹主动脉瘤(AAA)的临床特征、治疗和预后。方法回顾性分析244例AAA中9例(37%)年龄小于35岁的年轻患者的诊治经过。结果本组男7例,女2例,年龄21～35岁,临床表现腹部或腰背部痛、腹部搏动性肿物。瘤体直径(65±09)cm。4例行择期手术均成功,3例急诊手术1例成功,2例入院后未能手术治疗者均死亡。结论年轻人的AAA有病程短、瘤体较大且较多累及腹主动脉近端,症状重的特点,应尽早手术治疗。     

Medium-term results after surgery for aortic arch aneurysm with hypothermic cerebral perfusion

We have used two techniques of hypothermic cerebral perfusion (CP) for the surgical treatment of aortic arch aneurysm in the last 10 years. Between March 1985 and December 1993, 83 patients underwent surgery for aortic arch aneurysm. Fifty-one cases had aortic dissection (AD) in the transverse arch and/or its branches, and 32 cases showed true aneurysm (TA) of the aortic arch. In those 83 patients, 37 cases received antegrade CP and 46 cases underwent retrograde CP. Surgical results were compared among the groups by Kaplan-Meier actuarial method and Cox-Mantel statistical analysis. The early mortality after surgery for aortic arch aneurysm was 11.8% in the AD group and 21.9% in the TA group. The early mortality was 21.6% with antegrade CP and 10.9% with retrograde CP. The 6-year actuarial survival rate was 71.7% in the TA group and 67.1% in the AD group. In the AD group, the 3-year survival rate was 93.9% with retrograde CP and 61.1% with antegrade CP (P < 0.005). In the TA group, the 3-year survival rate was similar for antegrade CP (73.3%) and retrograde CP (69.2%). These results suggest that current surgical results of aortic arch aneurysm with hypothermic CP are acceptable and the retrograde CP technique might be recommended, especially for surgery of aortic arch aneurysm with AD.     

升主动脉置换术或成形术治疗主动脉瓣病变合并的升主动脉瘤样扩张

目的 对比分析主动脉瓣病变合并升主动脉瘤扩张在行主动脉瓣置换术(AVR)的同时施行升主动脉置换术(A组)或成形术(B组)的结果,探讨两种方法的临床效果及适应证.方法 A、B两组术前年龄、性别、心功能分级、主动脉瓣病变、左室射血分数等差异均无统计学意义.A组主动脉直径(49.45±3.96)mm,B组(49.31±3.68)mm,差异亦无统计学意义.行AVR后A组常规置换升主动脉,B组纵行切除部分升主动脉壁,缝合后包裹28～30 mm人工血管.结果 A、B两组术后均无死亡.A组主动脉阻断(71.70±17.13)min、体外循环(110.52±27.51)min,均明显大于B组的(57.13±16.32)min(P=0.025)和(97.31±19.46)min(P=0.004).两组术中及术后输血量、并发症发生率差异无统计学意义.结论 主动脉瓣病变合并升主动脉瘤样扩张,年轻病人主动脉直径≥40 mm时应积极手术处理扩张的升主动脉.升主动脉成形术,同时外包裹人工血管的方法较升主动脉置换术更为简单、安全,但升主动脉壁必须无粥样硬化或溃疡.     

Simple hypothermic retrograde cerebral perfusion for brain protection during aortic arch surgery]

We have recently found that retrograde cerebral perfusion can be performed by simply elevating central venous pressure to 15 mmHg in the Trendelenburg position when the aortic arch is open during aortic arch surgery. During deep hypothermic (15 degrees C) perfusion of the lower half of the body with the descending aorta occluded, and with single cannulation of the right atrium for drainage, oxygen-saturated venous blood perfuses the brain retrogradely, supplying it with oxygen. This method renders clamping of the aortic arch and the arch vessels unnecessary. Eleven cases of aortic arch aneurysm (9 males, 2 females; 5 true aneurysms, 5 dissecting aneurysms, one combined aneurysm; mean age, 63 years) were operated using this technique, whose clinical significance was then evaluated. Median sternotomy was performed in 4 cases, left thoracotomy in 7. Patch replacement was performed in 2 cases and graft replacement in 9 cases (the proximal arch in 2, the whole arch in 2, the distal arch in 5). In two cases coronary artery bypass surgery using the internal thoracic artery was performed simultaneously via lateral thoracotomy. Operation time was 517 +/- 139 min, pump time was 211 +/- 34 min, cardiac arrest time was 84 +/- 34 min and the lowest rectal temperature was 15.7 +/- 1.1 degrees C. In the venous return, PO2 was 188 +/- 136 mmHg, and SO2 97.5 +/- 2.9%, the respective values in the retrogradely perfused blood in the aortic arch being 46 +/- 12 mmHg and 68.8 +/- 18.8%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

主动脉成形术治疗主动脉瓣病变伴升主动脉扩张的疗效分析

目的总结主动脉成形术治疗主动脉瓣病变伴升主动脉扩张患者的临床经验及疗效。方法1998年2月至2004年5月共对23例主动脉瓣病变伴升主动脉扩张的患者行主动脉瓣膜置换和纵行切除部分升主动脉壁的主动脉成形术,术后随访4～78个月,平均(36±25)个月,分别于术前、术后出院前及术后随访中,通过心脏超声检查测量主动脉直径。结果主动脉直径术前为(4.8±0.5)cm,术后出院前为(3.6±0.4)cm,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后随访中,主动脉直径为(3.7±0.4)cm,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),与术后出院前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用切除部分升主动脉壁的主动脉成形术治疗主动脉瓣病变伴升主动脉扩张或升主动脉瘤,中期疗效良好。