钢板内固定治疗胸段椎体骨折合并脊髓损伤病人的护理

胸腰段椎体是脊柱骨折的好发部位，是压力承上启下的交接处，当急性胸腰段椎体骨折合并脊髓损伤后，恢复其脊柱正常生理弧度和序列尤为重要。我院于1998年10月-2002年12月,对21例急性胸腰段椎体骨折合并脊髓损伤病人，行后路椎管减压，骨折复位，steffee钢板内固定手术，效果良好。现将护理体会报告如下。     

Steffee钢板内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折合并脊髓损伤

目的 观察steffee钢板内固定治疗胸段椎体骨折合并脊髓损伤的治疗效果，与其它内固定系统对比。方法 对32例急性胸腰段椎体骨折合并脊髓损伤病人行后路steffee钢板内固定手术测定手术前后椎体高度，cobb角及脊髓功能评定．结果 术后损伤椎体高度恢复均达90％以上，cobb角均小于10度，随访4个月-5年(平均2年8个月)，椎体高度和cobb角恢复无丢失，钢板及椎弓根螺钉固定良好，已有三例取出内固定，脊柱稳定性良好．按Frankel脊髓功能分级评定标准。2例A级无恢复，余30例均有不同程度恢复。8例恢复达E级。结论，后路steffee钢板内固定手术治疗急性胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤效果良好，方法简单可靠。     

AF系统内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折合并脊髓损伤的研究报告

目的观察AF系统内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折合并脊髓损伤的临床效果。方法对26例急性胸腰段单个椎体骨折合并脊髓损伤病人行后路椎管减压、骨折复位AF系统内固定手术。测定手术前椎体高度、cobb角及脊髓功能评定。结果术后损伤椎体高度恢复均达90％以上，cobb角均小于10度，随访3个月至4年（平均2年2个月），椎体高度和cobb角无丢失，按Frankel神经功能分级评定标准，1例A级无恢复，余均有不同程度恢复。结论AF系统内固定治疗急性胸腰段椎体骨折合并脊髓损伤，具有结构简单、操作方便、固定可靠、复位确切、临床效果好等优点。     

胸腰段脊柱脊髓损伤急诊分型初探

20 0 0年 9月～ 2 0 0 1年 5月 ,我科共接诊急性胸腰段脊柱脊髓损伤患者 84例 ,均按自定的急诊分型法进行分类处理 ,取得良好效果 ,介绍如下。1　临床资料男 5 6例 ,女 2 8例 ;年龄 2 0～ 5 5岁 ,平均 35岁 ;伤后至入我院时间最短 15ｍｉｎ ,最长 16ｈ ;其中坠落伤 32例 ,交通伤 36例 ,塌方压伤 14例 ,其它 2例 ;完全性脊髓损伤 2例 ,不完全性脊髓损伤 12例 ,脊髓震荡 10例 ,马尾损伤 3例 ;合并颅脑损伤 4例 ,胸部损伤 4例 ,腹部肝脾损伤 6例 ,四肢骨折 8例 ,骨盆损伤 2例 ,多发伤 2例。2　急诊分型和处理2 1　分型　将 84例患者分为 4型 :…     

椎弓根螺钉系统内固定治疗胸腰段骨折脱位

胸腰段是脊柱损伤的好发部位,胸腰段骨折脱位,临床上属Ⅳ型胸腰段损伤[1],多伴有不同程度的脊髓神经损伤,目前多采用手术治疗,椎弓根螺钉系统内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折脱位,具有三维空间复位和短节段固定等优点,近年来在我国广泛开展。我院自1996年以来先用Disk、SF、AF、RS系统治疗胸腰段骨折脱位36例,取得了较为满意的效果。现总结报告如下。1临床资料本组36例中男28例,女8例,年龄18～60岁。受伤原因,高处坠落14例,交通伤12例,压砸伤10例。骨折、脱位情况:T11椎体8例,T12椎体16例,L1椎体7例,L2椎体5例,均与上或下椎体有不同程度的脱位,临…     

椎弓根螺钉系统在胸腰椎骨折的应用

胸腰段脊柱椎体骨折是临床上常见的一种严重损伤，骨折类型多，受伤机制复杂，可以累及“三柱”，常合并脊髓损伤，需手术治疗。本院自1998年10月至2006年10月共接收胸腰椎骨折并用椎弓根螺钉系统（AF或SF）固定的患者116例，效果满意，报告如下。     

胸腰段爆裂性骨折的误诊分析

胸腰段爆裂性骨折是临床上常见的脊柱损伤 ,占整个胸腰段骨折的 64%～ 81 % [1 ] 。其损伤机制是轴向高能量冲击导致椎体向四周爆裂 ,碎骨片突入椎管压迫脊髓而引起脊髓和马尾神经损伤。临床上爆裂性骨折易与压缩性骨折相混淆 ,导致诊断错误而耽误治疗。我院自 1 990年以来收治胸腰段骨折 90例 ,其中爆裂性骨折 63例。本文对此误诊问题进行讨论如下。1　对象和方法1 .1　对象　男 67例 ,女 2 3例。年龄 1 7～ 65岁 ,平均 35.8岁。伤因 :交通事故伤 56例 ,高处坠落伤 2 6例 ,其他原因伤 8例。损伤部位 :L1 骨折 54例 ,T1 2 骨折 2 2例 ,L2 …     

椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折27例体会

近年由于各种突发事故频发,胸腰椎骨折、脱位、脊髓损伤致残患者增多。我院2000~2004年对27例胸腰椎骨折合并继发性椎管狭窄的病人行椎弓根螺钉(AF钉)内固定椎管减压,效果满意,现总结如下。1临床资料1·1一般资料本组27例中,男17例,女10例;年龄20~50岁,平均35岁。受伤原因:坠落伤10例,车祸伤10例,重物砸伤7例;受伤节段:胸115例,胸126例,腰110例,腰26例;骨折类型:压缩型8例,爆裂型12例,骨折脱位型7例;27例中合并脊髓神经损伤12例。受伤至手术时间8小时~4天,平均2天。1·2影像学检查全部患者均行胸腰椎正侧位X线片检查,术前测量椎体前后缘压…     

“5·12”汶川大地震中合并有多发伤的脊柱骨折的临床特点和治疗

目的：总结汶川大地震期间合并有多发伤的脊柱骨折的临床特点和治疗经验。方法：回顾分析汶川大地震期间四川大学华西医院收治的281例脊柱骨折,其中223例合并有多发伤,分析其临床特点和治疗方式。结果：223例合并多发伤的脊柱骨折中单纯椎体骨折138例,单纯附件损伤37例,椎体＋附件骨折48例;平均年龄43.45±14.05岁;椎体分布以下胸段和腰段为主,胸腰段占60%左右;致伤原因中砸伤占82.1%;脊柱手术治疗35例,占需手术治疗的27.8%;合并伤共267例次;严重并发症127例次;合并脊髓或马尾神经损伤101例,占45.3%,有15例在搬运中发生脊髓损伤。结论：汶川大地震发生在山区,地震烈度高,伤员多为复合伤,存在严重的并发症,受累椎体多,治疗的重点首先放在处理开放伤、感染、并发症上,影响了脊柱骨折的治疗;早期救援时正确施救才能有效防范继发性脊髓损伤。     

胸腰椎骨折的急诊手术治疗体会

胸腰段脊柱(胸10～腰2)骨折多伴有神经损伤症状甚至截瘫。主要特征为伤椎前、中柱爆裂,椎体后壁骨块常向后移位突入椎管致脊髓受压。若不急诊解除骨折碎块对脊髓的机械压迫,将导致永久性脊髓神经损伤。我科从2001-01～2003-04共收治胸腰椎骨折97例,急诊手术治疗64例,取得较好的疗效。1　资料与方法11　临床资料　64例胸腰椎骨折急诊手术病例中男49例,女15例;年龄17～56岁。合并胸外伤11例,腹外伤2例,四肢及骨盆外伤8例,其他节段非连续性脊柱骨折3例。受伤时间4h～3d。脊髓功能按照Frankel分级,A级6例,B级11例,C级18例,D级22例,E级7例。59…     

与1例失语病人的交流

语言在人类进化过程中已成为重要的交往工具和联络手段[1] 。脑梗死病人 ,由于大脑皮质语言功能区病损 ,发音肌肉瘫痪 ,使其说话、阅读和书写能力残缺 ,不能表达其思想 ,影响了人际间交往 ,给治疗、护理工作带来了很大困难。我院于 2 0 0 2年10月 9日收治 1例多发性脑梗死病人     

Bullous Eruption Associated With Dihydropyridines With Cross Reactivity

The spectrum of cutaneous eruptions associated with dihydropyridines is extensive, varying from exanthemas to severe adverse events. We report a case of bullous eruption, one month after starting nicardipine and lercanidipine. The same symptoms recurred few days after taking nitrendipine.     

Factors Associated With Self-Concept in Children With Asthma

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship of demographic asthma, family, and child factors with self-concept in children with asthma. METHODS: Data were collected twice approximately 4 years apart from both the affected children and their mothers (N = 134) via interviews and self-report questionnaire. FINDINGS: Children who demonstrated more negative attitudes toward their illness, had less satisfaction with family relationships, and used more negative coping behaviors had the poorest self-concepts. Over time, the greatest improvement in self-concept occurred in children whose attitudes and satisfaction with family relationships improved and whose use of negative coping behaviors decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that some children with asthma, especially girls with severe asthma, appear to be at risk for poor self-concept.     

Factors Associated With Home Discharge Among Veterans With Stroke

Objective

To determine which patient-, treatment-, and facility-level characteristics were associated with home discharge among patients hospitalized for stroke within the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Setting

Veterans Affairs facilities nationwide.

Participants

Veterans hospitalized for stroke during fiscal year 2007 to fiscal year 2008 (N=12,565).

Intervention

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measure

Discharge location after hospitalization.

Results

There were 10,130 (80.6%) veterans discharged home after hospitalization for acute stroke. Married veterans were more likely than nonmarried veterans to be discharged home (odds ratio [OR]=1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.11–1.35). Compared with veterans admitted to the hospital from home, patients admitted from extended care were less likely to be discharged home (OR=.04; 95% CI=.03–.07). Compared with those with occlusion of cerebral arteries, patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (OR=.61; 95% CI=.50–.74) or other central nervous system hemorrhage (OR=.78; 95% CI=.63–.96) were less likely to be discharged home, whereas patients with occlusion of precerebral arteries (OR=1.36; 95% CI=1.07–1.73) were more likely to return home. Evidence of congestive heart failure (OR=.85; 95% CI=.76–.95), fluid and electrolyte disorders (OR=.86; 95% CI=.77–.96), internal organ procedures and diagnostics (OR=.87; 95% CI=.78–.97), and serious nutritional compromise (OR=.49; 95% CI=.40–.62) during hospitalization remained independently associated with lower odds of home discharge. Longer hospitalizations and receipt of rehabilitation services while hospitalized acutely were negatively associated, whereas treatment on more bed sections and rehabilitation accreditation of the facility were positively associated with home discharge. Region exerted a statistically significant effect on home discharge.

Conclusions

We found sociological, clinical, and facility-level factors associated with home discharge after hospitalization for acute stroke. Findings document the importance of considering a broad range of characteristics rather than focusing only on a few specific traits during discharge planning.