反相高效液相色谱法测定丁卡因和利多卡因含量

目的 采用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定丁卡因和利多卡因的含量。方法 ＯＤＳ色谱柱、检测波长２６３ｎｍ，以乙腈－０．１％硫酸三乙胺中液（６０：４０）为流动相，流速０．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ。结果 丁卡因在０．１￣０．５ｇ／Ｌ浓度范围内呈线性关系，平均回收率１０１．８％，ＲＳＤ为０．７％（ｎ＝４）；利多卡因在０．１５￣０．７５ｇ／Ｌ浓度范围内呈线性关系，平均回收率９９．５３％，ＲＳＤ为０．９％（ｎ＝４）。结论     

松果有效成分的研究：IV.红松果多糖中酸性糖的含量测定

用硫酸－咔唑比色法测定了红松果多糖中酸性糖的含量，并考察了浓硫酸与咔唑的用量及反应温度、时间等因素对显色反应的影响，最大吸收波长５２０ｎｍ，测得酸性糖在１．０￣７．０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度范围内与吸收度呈线性关系（ｒ＝０．９９９９，ｎ＝７），平均回收率为９９．０％￣９９．８％，ＲＳＤ为１．３％￣２．３％（ｎ＝６），最低检测浓度为０．０５μｇ／ｍｌ。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人血吗氯贝胺浓度

以乙腈－水（３０：７０，Ｖ／Ｖ）为流动相，氯霉素为内标，采用反相高效液相色谱法测定吗氯贝胺浓度，血吗氯胺在碱性条件下用乙醚提取，甲醇溶液残留物，在０．０４～４．０μｇ／ｍｌ，浓度范围内线性关系良好ｒ＝０．９９９６，相对平均回收率为９７．０％，日内ＲＳＤ（％）２．６～３．５日间ＲＳＤ（％）３．７～４．２，最低检出浓度０．０４μｇ／ｍｌ本法快速，准确，灵敏度高，专一性强，适用于吗氯贝胺临床监测及科研需     

紫外分光光度法测定注射用头孢唑林钠的含量

本采用紫外分光光度法注射用头孢中唑林钠的含量。结果表明，头孢唑林的浓度在８－２４μｇ／ｍｌ范围内吸收度呈良好的线性关系。相关系数＝０．９９９０；平均回收率为９９．８５％，ＲＳＤ＝０．３６％；与药典中高效液相色谱法进行比较，结果基本一致。本法简便，快速，准确。     

三波长分光光度法测定粉刺合剂中黄芩苷的含量

研究测定粉刺合剂中黄芩苷含量的方法。方法 采用三波长分光光度法于２３３．５，２８４．５，２９２．５ｎｍ处进行测定。结果 在２－１２μｇ／ｍｌ范围内，浓度与吸收值呈良好线性关系，ｒ＝０．９９９９。平均回收率为（１００．８±０．５９）％。（ＲＳＤ＝０．５８１１）％。结论，此法符合医院制剂的质控要求。     

松果有效成分的研究：Ⅲ.油松果多糖的含量测定

用苯酚－硫酸法进行了油松果多糖的含量测定，并考察了苯酚与硫酸的用量及反应温度等因素对显色反应的影响，最大吸收波长４９０ｎｍ，测得多糖在１０～７０μｇ／ｍｌ的浓度范围内与吸收度呈线性关系（ｒ＝０．９９９９ ｎ＝６），平均回收率为９９．９％，变异系数为１．２％，最低检测浓度为０．５μｇ／ｍｌ。     

用HPLC法同时测定洗必泰及有关杂质对氯苯胺的研究

采用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定了洗必泰及有关杂质对氯苯胺浓度。用Ｚｏｒｂａｘ－Ｃ＿８柱，０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＨ＿２ＰＯ＿４（ｐＨ３．０）－甲醇（４９．５：５０．５）为流动相，非那西丁为内标，２４０ｎｍ波长检测。本法简便准确，重现性好。洗必泰和对氯苯胺分别在１５～２００μｇ／ｍｌ和６０～１２００μｇ／ｍｌ浓度范围内线性关系良好（ｒ＝０．９９９９），最低检测限分别为１．３３μｇ／ｍｌ和７．５μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｓ／Ｎ＝３：１），平均回收率分别为１００．１％和１０３．１％。相对标准偏差Ｒ５０％分别为１．４１％和１．１４％。     

紫外分光光度法测定芸香甙—PVP共沉物含量

采用紫外分光光度法测定芸香甙－ＰＶＰ共沉物的含量。测定滤长为２５６ｎｍ。测定液浓度在３μｇ／ｍｌ￣１８ μ／ｍｌ范围内，浓度（Ｃ）与吸收率（Ａ）呈良好的线性关系，ｒ＝０．９９８３，平均回收率为９９．８３％，ＲＳＤ＝０．１７％（ｎ＝６）。该法简便，样液稳定，赋形剂对测定无干扰。     

紫外分光光度法测定酚麻美敏片中对乙酰氨基酚的含量

目的：测定酚麻美敏片中对乙酰氨基酚的含量。方法：紫外分光光度法。结果：对乙酰氨基酚在６．４～１１．２μｇ／ｍｌ范围内吸收度与溶液浓度呈线性关系（γ＝０．９９９９,ｎ＝７）,平均回收率为９９．６％,ＲＳＤ为０．２０％。结论：该测定方法简单、快速,结速准确可靠。     

玉屏风颗粒剂中黄芪甲苷的含量测定

采用薄层扫描法测定玉屏风颗粒剂中黄芪甲苷的含量。结果表明黄芪甲苷的浓度在２￣１０μｇ／ｍｌ范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系（ｒ＝０．９９４７）,平均回收率为９６．５％,ＲＳＤ＝３．３１％（ｎ＝８）。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.