锥束CT指导下不翻瓣植入牙种植体的临床观察

目的探讨锥束CT指导下的上颌前牙区不翻瓣植入牙种植体的临床应用效果。方法 10例上颌前牙区单牙缺失病例,行锥束CT指导下的种植体植入,种植体愈合4~6个月后永久修复,根据Jemt牙龈乳头指数(papilla index score,PIS)观察种植体永久修复1年后的近远中牙龈乳头状况,根据Fühauser的改良红色美学指数观察种植体永久修复1年后与相邻天然牙唇侧龈缘位置的协调性。结果 10枚种植体均获得良好的骨结合。除2枚侧切牙区种植体外,种植修复体近远中PIS均为Ⅱ级以上,种植体周围骨吸收均<1 mm。种植修复体与相邻牙唇侧牙龈缘高度无差异4枚,相差<2 mm的4枚,相差>2 mm的2枚。结论锥束CT对上颌前牙区不翻瓣种植体植入有一定的指导作用,但是,常规不翻瓣手术仍具有较高的外科手术风险,在上颌前牙美学区应慎重采用。     

膜引导技术在即刻种植牙中的应用

目的探讨牙拔除术后结合膜引导技术即刻植入种植体修复牙缺失的可行性。方法对52例76颗牙拔除术后患者,即刻植入种植体使用医用钛膜完全封闭骨缺损区。6个月～1年行冠修复,根据临床X线检查和患者主诉评价修复效果。结果76例即刻种植体12周后骨缺损修复形成,冠修复后承载了3年无松动。5年随访,除1例有进行性骨吸收外,其余种植体周围骨吸收高度平均1.27mm。结论运用膜引导技术进行即刻种植,可获得良好的骨修复,缩短种植修复疗程,很好地承担修复体传导的牙牙合力,与延期种植无明显差异。     

前牙区早期种植的临床效果观察

目的评价前牙区美学区早期种植的临床效果。方法 18例患者21颗牙缺失2~8周后,植入21颗Straumann种植体,其中17颗行引导骨组织再生术。术后4～6个月后行永久性修复。随访6～24个月,通过临床和放射学检查观察临床效果。结果 21颗种植体修复均成功,2颗种植体随访期内出现软组织退缩。结论早期种植可以缩短种植修复时间,并取得较好的临床效果。     

引导骨再生技术应用于上前牙种植骨缺损临床研究

<正>随着现代牙种植技术的成熟,人们日渐关注上前牙美学区的种植修复效果。近年来,同时实现功能与美学修复的远期种植效果,已是每个种植医师努力的主要目标,并成为世界性问题。前牙种植美学的效果是以种植体与周围骨稳定结合为基础,依赖于种植体周围健康的骨质和充足的骨量。临床上有相当多的上前牙种植患者由于牙缺失后骨     

创伤性上前牙缺失伴骨缺损的种植修复探讨

目的探讨创伤所致上前牙缺失合并骨缺损患者治疗中种植修复的临床价值。方法选取2010年至2011年我院行口腔颌面部上前牙缺失的外伤患者120例,牙缺失2颗以下71例,3颗以上22例,均行种植修复,共植入ITI种植体236枚,45例同时行骨劈开、挤压联合引导组织再生术,对治疗结果进行探讨。结果患者均经1～2年的随访,120例患者中仅l例患者2颗植入体掉落1颗,其余患者均效果良好。结论种植修复术能够有效修复创伤性上前牙缺失,对残余牙齿无损伤,且具有舒适美观以及良好的咀嚼功能,具有较高的临床价值。     

军事训练致前牙损伤即刻种植义齿修复的临床应用

目的探讨即刻种植义齿修复在军事训练所致前牙损伤的临床应用。方法因军事训练损伤导致15例23颗上颌前牙缺失后行即刻种植,共植入种植体23颗,植入4~6个月后行二期手术,最终完成修复体制作。结果 22颗术后无明显并发症,l颗于完成修复半年因松动拔除。修复完成后观察2~3年,种植义齿行使功能良好,取得良好的功能及美学效果。结论即刻种植义齿修复为军事训练所致上颌前牙损伤的治疗提供了一种新途径。     

3i种植系统单颗前牙美学修复临床效果评价

目的观察3i种植系统在前牙美学区种植修复的美学效果及其稳定性。方法选取2008年5月至2012年1月在青岛大学医学院附属医院口腔种植中心采用3i种植系统进行美学区单颗种植修复的患者74例。分别采用即刻种植、延迟即刻种植及延期种植种植体植入术,术后3～6个月进行种植修复,观察随访12个月。随访进行临床、x线检查及患者满意度评价。结果经相关检查,74颗种植体骨结合良好,种植体周围未见明显x线投射区及种植体松动、脱落征象,种植体留存率100％。89％患者均对种植体功能及修复美学效果感到满意。结论3i种植系统可以取得满意的前牙修复功能和美学效果。     

上颌前牙即刻种植的临床美学观察

目的：了解上颌前牙拔除后即刻种植的近期疗效及美学效果。方法对39例41颗无法保存的上前牙微创拔除后,即刻种植,即刻临时冠修复。6个月后行永久烤瓷冠修复。随访1-7年,观察种植体周围软硬组织情况及相邻天然牙唇侧牙龈的协调性。通过主观评价和临床检查进行综合评价分析。结果43枚种植体均获得良好的骨性结合。种植体无松动,种植体周围软组织外形正常。其中28枚种植修复体唇侧牙龈缘位置与邻近天然牙唇侧龈位置及颜色协调一致,15枚种植修复体唇侧牙龈外形轻度异常。患者对即刻种植修复的美学效果满意。结论即刻种植修复只要严格掌握适应证,应用正确的手术技巧,严格操作规程,可以获得理想的临床疗效和美学效果。     

引导骨再生术结合骨挤压在单颗上颌前牙同期种植中的应用

目的 研究引导骨再生术(GBR)结合骨挤压应用于单颗上颌前牙同期种植的临床效果.方法 选取单颗上颌前牙缺失伴骨量不足患者19例,共植入19颗种植体.种植手术中联合应用GBR和骨挤压术以改善术区骨量不足的情况,同期植入种植体.4～6个月后复诊,行二期手术,2周后待牙龈形态恢复良好,修复缺失牙齿.牙冠修复完成后嘱患者3、6、12个月后复诊并拍摄CBCT或牙片,观察患者软硬组织及种植体骨结合情况.结果 19例患者共植入19颗种植体,术前牙槽嵴下方1 mm唇腭向平均宽度为(3.3±0.20)mm,术后4～6个月后平均宽度为(6.7±0.25)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=75.48,P<0.05).所有种植体骨结合良好,种植成功率100％,患者对种植修复后的效果满意.结论 GBR联合骨挤压技术能够有效地解决种植术区骨量不足的问题,在修复单颗上颌前牙中取得了良好的临床效果,拓宽了种植修复的适应证.     

BLB种植系统在上前牙修复中对软组织处理与美学效果

目的探讨BLB种植系统在上前牙缺失修复中对软组织处理与美学效果。方法对2002年6月~2010年1月我院收治72例上前牙缺失的患者植入BLB种植体104枚。采取术后4个月修复,术后随访6~12个月,由患者与随访医生对种植体两侧龈乳头高度、边缘龈水平、软组织轮廓、牙槽突度、软组织质地、软组织颜色和修复体的形态、色泽8组评分指数进行评价。结果72例患者,修复后0、6、12个月满意度分别为93.2%、95.5%和96.1%。结论在上前牙区利用BLB种植系统操作简单,可获得较好的美学效果。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.