基于胰腺全系膜切除理念的胰头癌整块切除原则

胰腺癌外科治疗现状胰腺癌是消化系统预后最差的恶性肿瘤之一,5年生存率<5%,中位生存时间<6个月[1]。近年来随着外科技术的进步、麻醉及围手术期管理水平的提高,胰头癌手术的安全性大大提高,围手术期死亡率<5%。胰头癌外科手术逐渐成为临床的常规手术,包括传统开腹手术以及具备时代特征的腹腔镜、达芬奇机器人手术蓬勃发展[1-3],胰头癌外科手术由强调安全性逐渐向追求根治切除转变,其中胰     

整块切除在胰头癌根治术中应用进展

正整块切除(en-bloc切除)概念的根本目的在于彻底切除肿瘤(R0切除),要求在行胰十二指肠切除时,强调采用"no-touch"隔离切除技术完整切除各组淋巴结,同时清扫胰腺周围、肠系膜上动脉(SMA)周围和腹膜后的软组织(淋巴、神经、胰腺系膜等),最后将肿瘤、各组淋巴结及周围软组织整块去除,突出手术切除的整体性,以降低术中肿瘤残余和肿瘤细胞脱落的风险~([1-4])。本文对整块切除在胰头癌根治术中的应用进行综述。     

胰腺全系膜切除在胰头癌行胰十二指肠切除术中的应用及意义

正胰腺癌早期诊断困难,手术切除率低,预后极差,五年生存率仅为6%[1]。是否接受根治性的R0切除是决定胰头癌病人远期预后的最重要因素[2]。然而,即使对于接受根治性胰十二指肠切除术的病人,肿瘤的局部复发仍是限制胰腺癌疗效的重要因素。对胰头癌根治性切除标本的临床病理学研究显示,至少有70%~80%的病人并未获得严格意义上的R0切除,尤其是胰腺环周切缘的阳性,使得这部分病人的生存期明显缩短[3]。如何减少由于不能     

胰腺全系膜切除理念争议及评价

近年来,胰腺系膜的概念被临床所关注,胰腺癌的R1切除也被认为是胰腺系膜切除不足。胰腺全系膜切除的理念随后被提出和应用。该方法安全且被认为可提高胰腺癌的R0切除率,但最终效果仍待进一步的研究证明。尽管胰腺系膜的概念和胰腺全系膜切除的方法、范围、技术、效果等均存在争议,但胰腺系膜涵盖了胰腺癌最关键的手术区域,胰腺全系膜切除有望改善胰腺癌病人预后,值得进一步的临床探索研究。     

区域性胰腺切除治疗胰头癌的临床实践和探索

目的：临床研究区域性胰腺切除治疗胰头癌的效果。方法：采用区域性胰腺切除（ＲＰ）治疗３９例，其中包括尖胰十二指肠切除的基础上扩大区域淋巴结廓清的Ｏ型ＲＰ２０例，同时联合切除受肿瘤侵犯的肠系膜上静脉门静脉（ＳＭＰＶ）的Ⅰ型１８例，和联合切除受侵的肠系膜上的动脉的Ⅱ型１例。结果：２０例发生了围手术期并发症（５１．３％），围手术期死亡率５．１％，获随访３６例（９２．３％），其中２１例已死亡的病例中，除２例     

三维可视化技术在胰头癌胰腺全系膜切除术中应用研究

目的 探讨三维可视化技术在胰头癌胰腺全系膜切除术中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2017年6月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院普外科行胰腺全系膜切除的105例胰头癌病人资料，采用三维可视化技术对胰头肿瘤的部位、大小、与周围血管的毗邻关系进行观察，完成术前可切除性的评估，共施行胰腺全系膜切除术105例。结果 平均手术时间239 min，平均术中出血409 mL。29例（27.6%）发生术后并发症，无围手术期死亡病例。74例标本三维空间切缘病理学检查达到R0切除，R0切除率为70.5%。结论 三维可视化技术在胰头癌全系膜切除术前规划中的应用，可以更好地指导胰头癌的精准手术，提高了术前评估的准确率与手术的R0切除率，降低手术并发症发生率。     

胰头癌扩大切除利弊的探讨

胰头癌根治术于 1935年由Ｗｈｉｐｐｌｅ首创 ,后人为纪念其贡献 ,把胰十二指肠切除术称为Ｗｈｉｐｐｌｅ手术 ,且沿用至今。胰头癌扩大切除含扩大胰十二指肠切除术及全胰切除术 ,分别讨论如下一、扩大胰十二指肠切除术又称区域性胰腺切除术 (ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｅｃｔｏ ｍｙ) ,由于临床上诊断的胰头癌多为进展期癌 ,部分病例癌肿又侵及周围血管 ,如门静脉、肝动脉等 ,因而切除率低。 195 1年Ｍｏｏｒｅ等报告合并门静脉切除的胰十二指肠切除 ,但一直未能广泛开展。 1973年Ｆｏｒｔｎｅｒ〔1〕提出区域性胰腺切除术以后 ,合…     

胰头癌根治术的切除范围及注意事项

胰头癌根治术的切除范围及注意事项北京协和医院（１００７３０）钟守先手术切除是唯一能治愈胰头癌的根本方法，然而至今手术治疗的５年生存率还不高。要改善远期疗效，除了应提高胰腺癌的诊断水平，及早发现小胰癌外，如何正确地进行手术亦具有很重要的临床意义。１胰头...     

Application and progress of medical imaging in total mesopancreas excision for pancreatic head carcinoma

Pancreatic head carcinoma (PHC) is one of the common gastrointestinal malignancies with a high morbidity and poor prognosis. At present, radical surgery is still the curative treatment for PHC. However, in clinical practice, the actual R0 resection rate, the local recurrence rate, and the prognosis of PHC are unsatisfactory. Therefore, the concept of total mesopancreas excision (TMpE) is proposed to achieve R0 resection. Although there have various controversies and discussions on the definition, the range of excision, and clinical prognosis of TMpE, the concept of TMpE can effectively increase the R0 resection rate, reduce the local recurrence rate, and improve the prognosis of PHC. Imaging is of importance in preoperative examination for PHC; however, traditional imaging assessment of PHC does not focus on mesopancreas. This review discusses the application of medical imaging in TMpE for PHC, to provide more accurate preoperative evaluation, range of excision, and more valuable postoperative follow-up evaluation for TMpE through imaging. It is believed that with further extensive research and exploratory application of TMpE for PHC, large-sample and multicenter studies will be realized, thus providing reliable evidence for imaging evaluation.     

Total mesopancreas excision is the better staging tool of the mesopancreas in pancreatic head carcinoma

Preoperative imaging staging based on tumor, node, metastasis classification cannot be effective to avoid R1 resection because only further improvements in imaging technologies will allow the precise assessment of perineural and lymphatic invasion and the occurrence of microscopic tumour deposits in the mesopancreas. However, waiting for further improvements in imaging technologies, total mesopancreas excision remains the only tool able to precisely assess mesopancreatic resection margin status, maximize the guarantee of radicality in cases of negative (R0) mesopancreatic resection margins, and stage the mesopancreas.     

腹腔镜下胰腺全系膜切除治疗胰头癌的临床疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下胰腺全系膜切除治疗胰头癌的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2013年4月至2016年4月46例胰头癌患者资料,根据手术术式的差异分为腹腔镜组(25例)和开腹组(21例),腹腔镜组行腹腔镜下胰腺全系膜切除术,开腹组行开腹胰十二指肠切除术。采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行统计分析,术前和术后相关指标以均数±标准差表示,组间比较采用独立t检验;R0切除率、术后并发症发生率采用χ²检验,以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。 结果腹腔镜组患者的R0切除率为88.0%,开腹组患者为61.9%(P<0.05);与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组患者的手术时间显著增加,而术中出血量及术中输血量均显著减少(P<0.05);与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组患者的术后肛门排气时间、进食流质食物时间及住院时间均显著缩短(P<0.05);腹腔镜组患者术后并发症的发生率16.0%,开腹组42.9%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论腹腔镜下胰腺全系膜切除治疗胰头癌的临床疗效较好,且安全性较高,值得在临床上推广应用。     

胰腺癌外科治疗新进展

胰腺癌的诊断和治疗问题仍极具挑战性。虽无前瞻性的研究结果报道,仍提倡对“可切除”及“可能切除”的胰腺癌患者进行新辅助治疗,以提高R0切除率。近年来针对腹膜后切缘问题不断有术式改进的报告,如动脉优先入路、提拉悬吊技术、钩突优先入路等,丰富了传统的切除方式。鉴于病理学对R0及R1切除判断标准的再评价,应重新审视R1切除对改善患者预后的价值和意义。在淋巴结清扫范围方面,基于若干临床随机对照研究结果,以日本胰腺学会淋巴结分组为基础,目前研究者们普遍认为应清扫至第二站淋巴结。由解剖学层面对胰腺系膜的探讨及临床应用有助于提高腹膜后切缘的阴性率。     

Duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection without segment resection of the duodenum for chronic pancreatitis

Purpose  The purpose of this study was to describe a duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection procedure without segment resection of the duodenum for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis with an enlarged pancreatic head. Materials and methods  Between January 1999 and December 2006, 35 patients with chronic pancreatitis were operated on by duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection procedure without segment resection of the duodenum. These patients were followed up to estimate the outcomes of the surgical procedure. Results  The mortality of the surgical procedure was 0. The overall morbidity was 17%. One patient developed pancreatic fistula, three patients developed bile leakage, and no patient developed duodenal fistula. Twenty-one patients who suffered abdominal pain in preoperative stage obtained complete pain relief, the mean European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 pain scale decreased from 59 ± 27 to 13 ± 21. In the postoperative stage, the endocrine function of the patients compared equally to the preoperative stage. Conclusion  The modified procedure obtains acceptable postoperative outcomes and benefits on extirpation of inflammatory lesions and avoidance of the anastomosis of the residual pancreatic head and the jejunum.     

胰头癌根治性胰十二指肠切除术若干问题的思考

作者在为胰头癌施行根治性胰十二指肠切除术的过程中,依据实践,结合文献复习,针对目前的某些热点问题,提出应避免主动性姑息性胰十二指肠切除术.提倡淋巴结廓清至少应达二站淋巴结,建议将肝十二指肠韧带骨骼化清扫和腹膜后组织切除作为根治性胰十二指肠切除术的常规手术步骤,无论有无证据支持第13组淋巴结(胰头后淋巴结)已发生转移,均应对可切除胰头癌进行限制性腹膜后组织切除.显露肠系膜上动脉并辨清钩突下缘和左侧缘与动脉的关系,是保证钩突切除完整性的技术要点.术前评估血管成像等影像学资料,可提高主动性联合血管切除的手术比例.胰肠吻合方式的选择,手术者的经验非常重要,从自己熟悉和熟练的二三种方法中选择最适合患者的方式,作者更偏向于胰肠端侧双层套入吻合法.并认为能量外科技术平台(电外科工作站)应用应慎重,仍须积累更多的经验再做评价.

Abstract：

According our practice of raical pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancretic head carcinoma and combined with these reviews, we suggested the active and palliative pancreaticoduodenectomy should be aviod. Skeletonization of hepatoduodenal ligament and the retroperitoneal resection should be the routine procedure in pancreticoduodenectomy, and at least invovle two regional lymph nodes. In addition, regardless of the metastase of No 13 lymph node, ristricted retroperitoneal resection for resectable pancretic carcinoma was needed. Exposured the superior mesenteric artery and distinguished inferior of uncinate process of pancrease with the artery, were the key point of the uncinate process of pancrease resection. Preoperative evaluation of angiography and other images, the ratio of activeness and combination with vessel resection would be improved. The style of pancreaticojejunostomy could be selected by the experience of the operator, we are apt to the double-deck invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy. Additionally, utilization of the electronic surgical workstation, should be careful and also need to accumulate more experience.     

Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection for pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: a case report

Introduction We report a case of duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) for the treatment of pancreatic head metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Case report The patient was a 59-year-old male with a medical history of RCC 18 years ago. Abdominal imaging studies revealed a hypervascular mass localized in the pancreatic head without distant metastasis or tumor invasion into the adjacent organs including the common bile duct and duodenum. Under the preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic metastasis from RCC, the tumor was completely resected by DPPHR. The pathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed the preoperative diagnosis. Conclusion As lymph node metastasis has been rarely reported in previous cases of pancreatic metastasis from RCC, DPPHR should be considered as a less invasive surgical option to provide a favorable postoperative quality of life (QOL).     

保留十二指肠和胆管的胰头全切除术

保留十二指肠和胆管的胰头全切除术(Takada法),手术难度大,在国内开展较少.2013年9月至2014年5月福建省漳州正兴医院和漳州市医院对5例患者(1例胰头部肿块型胰腺炎,2例胰管黏液性囊腺瘤伴灶性癌变,2例慢性胰腺炎、胰管多发结石)施行该手术.5例患者采用Takada法切除病变,联合一期行胰管原位重建,其中胆总管探查引流1例.手术时间为210 ～ 330 min,术中出血量为100 ～500mL,平均术中出血量为300 mL.2例患者为鹿角形结石,3例患者为肿瘤,均无手术死亡.术后发生胰液漏及胆汁漏各1例,均经非手术治疗痊愈.患者术后随访3～11个月无糖代谢异常、胆总管狭窄、慢性消化不良发生及肿瘤复发.对于胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎、胰头部良性病变、胰头部低度恶性肿瘤,Takada法安全、有效,患者术后恢复快.     

前入路原位胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头癌的临床疗效

目的探讨前入路原位胰十二指肠切除术(PD)治疗胰头癌的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法。收集2012年1月至2018年6月昆明医科大学第一附属医院收治的285例胰头癌患者的临床病理资料;男164例,女121例;平均年龄为57岁,年龄范围为40~76岁。285例患者中,196例行前入路原位PD,设为前入路组;89例行传统入路PD,设为传统入路组。观察指标:(1)手术情况。(2)术后情况。(3)随访情况。采用门诊、电话或网络方式进行随访,术后每2~3个月门诊随访1次,了解患者肿瘤复发、转移及生存情况。随访终点为患者死亡,随访次要终点为肿瘤复发或转移。随访时间截至2018年12月。正态分布的计量资料以±s表示,组间比较采用t检验。偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示,组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料以绝对数或百分比表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,采用Log-rank检验进行生存分析。结果(1)手术情况:285例患者均顺利完成手术。前入路组患者保留幽门,联合门静脉-肠系膜上静脉切除重建(对端吻合、人工血管置换、侧壁切除吻合),手术时间,术中出血量分别为118例,37例(17、11、9例),(303±107)min,350 mL(100~750 mL);传统入路组患者上述指标分别为48例,9例(7、1、1例),(335±103)min,400 mL(100~900 mL),两组患者上述指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.990,3.474,t=0.722,Z=1.729,P>0.05)。(2)术后情况:前入路组患者R0切除率、淋巴结清扫数目、阳性淋巴结清扫数目、神经侵犯率、脉管侵犯率、严重并发症、围术期死亡、术后化疗分别为93.88%(184/196)、12枚(5~19枚)、4枚(0~15枚)、45.41%(89/196)、31.12%(61/196)、28例、3例、69例;传统入路组患者上述指标分别为85.39%(76/89)、7枚(4~17枚)、5枚(0~13枚)、32.58%(29/89)、23.60%(21/89)、11例、2例、41例,两组患者R0切除率、淋巴结清扫数目、神经侵犯率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=5.506,Z=4.637,χ2=4.149,P<0.05);两组患者阳性淋巴结清扫数目、脉管侵犯率、严重并发症、围术期死亡、术后化疗比较,差异均无统计学意义(Z=0.052,χ2=1.962,0.192,0.001,3.048,P>0.05)。(3)随访情况:285例患者中,252例完成次要终点随访,228例完成终点随访,随访时间为35个月(6~58个月)。196例前入路组患者中,181例完成次要终点随访,176例完成终点随访,随访时间为38个月(6~58个月);89例传统入路组患者中,71例完成次要终点随访,52例完成终点随访,随访时间为33个月(7~53个月)。前入路组患者术后中位无瘤生存时间、中位总体生存时间分别为31个月、37个月,传统入路组患者上述指标分别为24个月、31个月,两组患者术后无瘤生存比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.646,P<0.05),术后总体生存比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.265,P>0.05)。结论前入路原位PD治疗胰头癌安全、可行,能提高手术R0切除率,延长患者无瘤生存时间。     

Duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection for cystic neoplastic lesions in the head of the pancreas

Background/Purpose Cystic neoplastic lesions of the pancreas are now found with increasing frequency. Duodenumpreserving pancreatic head resection with segmental resection of the duodenum has been introduced for the surgical treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. We report the following data from 15 patients treated surgically for cystic neoplastic lesions of the pancreas head. Methods Duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection (DPPHRt) with segmental resection of the duodenum (SD) was performed in eight patients, five with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), two with mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN), and one with cystic endocrine neoplasm (EN). In four patients, a subtotal pancreatic head resection was performed, but recurrence of the IPMN lesion was observed in two patients. Ten patients suffered cystadenoma, three patients had a borderline lesion, and two patients had an in-situ carcinoma. Results Eight patients had a DPPHRt with SD resection, two patients had a resection of the uncinate process including segmental resection of the inferior duodenal segment, and one patient had a duodenum-and spleen-preserving total pancreatectomy. In four patients a DPPHR with subtotal pancreatic head resection was carried out. Postoperative local complications occurred in eight patients: there was a recurrence of the IPMN lesion in the remnant pancreatic head in two patients; and there was intraabdominal bleeding in one patient, pancreatic fistula in one patient, and delay of gastric emptying in four patients. Seven patients showed signs of acute pancreatitis. Hospital mortality was 0%, and postoperative length of hospital stay was 10. 4 days (range, 8–18 days). Conclusions Duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection for IPMN, MCN, serous cystadenoma (SCA), and cystic EN lesions is a safe and beneficial surgical procedure. Segmental resection of the duodenum was applied for an oncologically complete resection. In regard to long-term outcome, the procedure is, additionally, a pancreatic cancer preventive strategy.