维持性血液透析患者血清瘦素水平与营养状况的关系

目的探讨尿毒症血液透析患者血清瘦素(1eptin)水平与营养状况的关系.方法血透组患者60例和正常对照组20例为研究对象,采用ELISA法测定血清leptin水平,同时测定肾功能、前白蛋白、白蛋白、补体、转铁蛋白、血脂,并运用人体学测定和主观全面营养评估法(SGA)评价受试者的营养状况.结果血透组患者血清leptin水平为(34.2±13.4)μg/L,显著高于对照组的(14.3±6.8)μg/L(P＜0.01));血透组患者血清前白蛋白、白蛋白、转铁蛋白、补体和人体学指标等客观营养指标均低下,且与血清leptin水平呈显著负相关;SGA评估显示血透组患者存在营养不良,且营养状况越差,血浆leptin水平越高.结论血透患者血清leptin水平较健康人显著增高,可能与其营养不良的发病有关.     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清瘦素水平与营养不良的关系

目的 :探讨慢性肾功能衰竭 (chronicrenalfailure,CRF)患者血清瘦素水平与营养不良的关系 .方法 :84例CRF患者分为 3组 :非血液透析组 2 8例 (I组 ) ,常规血液透析组 31例 (II组 ) ,高通量血液透析滤过组 2 5例 (III组 ) .2 9例健康志愿者作为对照组 .测定其血清生化指标 ,ELISA法测定其血清瘦素水平 .同时对患者进行营养状况评估 .结果 :3组CRF患者血清瘦素水平均较对照组显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,I ,II组分别较III组血清瘦素水平显著增高 (P <0 .0 1 ) .3组CRF患者的体脂百分比均与其血清瘦素水平显著正相关 (r=0 .341 5 ,0 .2 0 31和 0 .2 1 6 3,P <0 .0 1 ,<0 .0 5和 <0 .0 5 ) .3组客观营养指标之间无显著差异 ,II组和III组血清瘦素水平分别与其血清白蛋白显著负相关 (r =- 0 .2 1 6 9和 - 0 .1 986 ,P <0 .0 5 ) .SGA评估表明CRF患者存在明显的营养不良 ,其营养状况越差 ,血清瘦素水平越高 (P <0 .0 1 ) .III组SGA积分明显高于其他两组 (P <0 .0 1和P <0 .0 5 ) .结论 :CRF患者存在高瘦素血症 ,其增高与CRF患者的营养不良有关 .高通量血液透析滤过治疗有助于CRF患者血清瘦素的清除 ,从而进一步改善CRF患者的营养不良状况     

不同透析剂量对腹膜透析患者瘦素水平及营养状态的影响

目的:探讨不同透析剂量对腹膜透析(腹透)患者血清和腹透液中瘦素水平及营养状态的影响.方法:对49例稳定腹透1 a以上的患者,根据其透析剂量分为3组:低剂量(4 L/d)组14例,中等剂量(6 L/d)组16例和标准剂量(8 L/d)组19例.透析前后采用ELISA法测定血清及腹透液瘦素水平,同时检测血清白蛋白、转铁蛋白及总胆固醇,并进行主观全面营养评估(SGA).结果:3组患者透析前后血清及腹透液瘦素水平变化值差异有统计学意义(F=2.362、2.879,P均＜0.05);低剂量组高于中等剂量组和标准剂量组(P＜0.01),而中等剂量组与标准剂量组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).透析前后血清与腹透液瘦素水平变化值呈正相关(r=0.621,P＜0.01).低剂量组发生营养不良11例(78.6%),标准剂量组10例(62.5%),中等剂量组12例(63.1%),3组营养不良发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.230,P＜0.001),中等剂量组与标准剂量组营养不良发生率均低于低剂量组(P＜0.01).SGA评分与透析前后血清和腹透液瘦素水平变化值呈正相关(r=0.552、0.411,P均＜0.05).血清瘦素水平变化值与白蛋白呈负相关(r为-0.504.P＜0.05),而与转铁蛋白及总胆同醇无相关性(r分别为0.126,0.201,P均＞0.05).结论:瘦素在腹透患者营养不良的发生中起重要作用,充分的腹膜透析可有效清除瘦素,中等剂量与标准剂量的腹透均可较好地维持患者的营养状态.     

瘦素与慢性肾功能衰竭患者营养不良的关系

目的：探讨慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者血清瘦素浓度的变化与营养不良之间的关系。方法：CRF组48例，分为血液透析组25例，非透析组23例；正常对照组26例。采用放射免疫法测定血清瘦素水平，同时测定白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白。结果：CRF组血清瘦素浓度显著高于正常对照组。CRF组白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白等营养客观生化指标均显著低下。在血透组，血清瘦素水平与白蛋白呈显著负相关。结论：CRF时存在高瘦素血症，且可能导致营养不良。     

慢性肾功能衰竭血液透析患者血清瘦素的变化及其意义

目的明确慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者血液透析(简称"血透”)前后血清瘦素水平的变化,并探讨其与蛋白营养不良的关系.方法以放射免疫分析法测定CRF患者血透前后血清瘦素的浓度,并与正常对照组进行比较,分析其与肾功能及血气分析等指标之间的关系.结果正常对照组血清瘦素浓度为(10.04±7.00)μg/L,血清瘦素浓度与体重指数(BMI)呈明显相关(r=0.41,P＜0.01),且女性血清瘦素浓度较男性高(P＜0.01).血透患者透析前血清瘦素浓度(11.76±12.19)μg/L,与对照组比较无显著差异;透析后血清瘦素浓度为(12.23±14.50)μg/L,与透析前比较亦无显著差异.血透患者血清瘦素浓度仍然与BMI有关,其相关系数为0.39(P＜0.01),这些患者透析前血清瘦素浓度受到年龄、血清白蛋白、甘油三酯、尿素氮的影响,其回归系数分别为0.2280、0.9025、3.0853和-0.0949,P均＜0.05.结论本组CRF患者血清瘦素水平并不升高,血透前后血清瘦素水平亦无明显变化,血清瘦素在这些患者的蛋白营养不良中并不发挥显著作用.     

维持性血液透析患者血清瘦素水平与营养状况的关系

目的探讨尿毒症血液透析患者血清瘦素(leptin)水平与营养状况的关系。方法血透组患者60例和正常对照组20例为研究对象,采用ELISA法测定血清leptin水平,同时测定肾功能、前白蛋白、白蛋白、补体、转铁蛋白、血脂,并运用人体学测定和主观全面营养评估法(SGA)评价受试者的营养状况。结果血透组患者血清leptin水平为(34.2±13.4)μg/L,显著高于对照组的(14.3±6.8)μg/L(P<0.01));血透组患者血清前白蛋白、白蛋白、转铁蛋白、补体和人体学指标等客观营养指标均低下,且与血清leptin水平呈显著负相关;SGA评估显示血透组患者存在营养不良,且营养状况越差,血浆leptin水平越高。结论血透患者血清leptin水平较健康人显著增高,可能与其营养不良的发病有关。     

慢性肾衰患者血清游离胰岛素样生长因子-1、前白蛋白及转铁蛋白测定的临床意义

目的 探讨血清游离胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TF)含量测定在评价慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者营养状况中的应用价值。方法 将46例患者分为血透组、腹透组和对照组，分别测定各组患者血清白蛋白(Alb)、IGF-1、PA、TF含量。结果 血透组和腹透组患者血清Alb，IGF-1，PA，TF含量明显低于对照组，差异有显著性。血清IGF-1与PA及TF相关性好。结论 血清游离IGF-1，PA，TF是反映CRF患者早期营养不良的敏感指标。     

血液透析滤过和高通量血液透析对尿毒症患者血清瘦素的清除作用

目的　研究血液透析滤过 (HDF)及高通量血液透析 (HHD)对尿毒症维持性血液透析患者血清瘦素的清除作用。方法　 6 0例维持性血透患者 (MHD)随机分为 3组 ,分别行血液透析滤过 (HDF)、高通量血液透析 (HHD)、普通低通量血液透析 (LHD) ,另 15例为正常对照组。放射免疫法检测MHD组血透析前后及对照组血清瘦素浓度。结果　MHD组透前血清瘦素水平较对照组显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ;HDF组及HHD组透后血清瘦素水平较透前显著下降 (均P <0 .0 1) ;LHD组透后血清瘦素水平与透前比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　血液透析滤过及高通量血液透析能清除部分血清瘦素 ,降低MHD患者的高瘦素血症。     

CAPD患者腹腔局部防御功能与营养状况的研究

目的探讨持续性不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者腹腔局部防御功能与营养不良的关系。方法记录41例规律CAPD患者的一般资料和透析处方。测定或计算营养指标:血白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)和转铁蛋白(TF);瘦体重(LBM),瘦体重%(LBM%)和标准化总氮出现率相当蛋白(nPNA)。进行主观综合性营养评估(SGA)。测定慢性炎症指标:腹透液中白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)。结果本组CAPD患者血清ALB为(34.15±7.36)g/L,TF为(2.20±0.45)g/L,二者均低于临床标准,腹透液IL-6浓度为(24.67±12.92)pg/ml,TNF-α浓度为(34.53±10.98)pg/ml,二者与腹透液葡萄糖浓度、交换量、交换次数、留腹时间、腹膜炎发作次数及GFR无相关性。在各营养不良组中,均至少有一个炎症指标显著性升高(P<0.01~0.05)。在营养指标中,SGA与血ALB、血TF及LBM%呈显著正相关。结论CAPD患者腹腔内存在慢性炎症状态,其与营养不良有密切关系。SGA是评估CAPD患者营养状况的良好指标。     

腹膜透析病人血浆瘦素、炎症因子与营养关系的研究

目的　探讨腹透患者血浆瘦素、炎症因子水平与营养状况的关系。方法　2 6例腹透患者和2 6例健康者为研究对象。采用ELISA法测血浆瘦素、腹透液中瘦素水平,用免疫散射比浊法测C反应蛋白(CRP) ,用免疫化学发光分析法测白介素IL - 6和肿瘤坏死因子TNF -α水平,同时检测胰岛素、血清白蛋白(ALB)水平,并用SGA法评估营养状况。结果　①腹透(CAPD)患者血浆瘦素(Leptin)、腹透液中瘦素和胰岛素水平明显高于正常人(P <0 . 0 1)。②腹透患者血浆中炎症因子CRP ,IL - 6和TNF -α水平明显高于正常人(P <0 0 1)。③腹透患者的营养状况较正常人差,ALB水平明显低于正常人(P <0 . 0 1)。④相关分析:腹透患者血浆瘦素与腹透液中瘦素、胰岛素水平间均呈明显正相关(P <0 . 0 1) ,而血浆瘦素与血清ALB、CRP、IL - 6及TNF -α之间均未见明显相关(P >0. 0 5 )。CRP、IL - 6、TNF -α与ALB之间均呈显著负相关(P <0 .0 1)。CRP与IL -6、TNF -α之间以及IL - 6与TNF -α之间呈明显正相关(P <0. 0 1)。结论　CAPD患者血浆瘦素、炎症因子均与营养状况关系密切。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.