原子吸收分光光度法测定赣产白术中微量元素

用原子吸收光度法测定白术中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mg、Cr、Mn、Pb、Cd、K、Ni、Co共11种元素的含量。其中Mg、K是人体的常量元素,Cu、Fe、Zn、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni是人体的必需微量元素,Pb、Cd是人体的非必需微量元素。结果表明,白术含有很多与人体密切相关的元素,具有较高的药用价值。     

某市秋冬季大气PM2.5中6种有毒元素的生态风险评价

目的 对某市秋冬季大气PM2.5中镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、镍(Ni)、砷(As)的污染特征进行分析,并对其生态风险进行评价,为政府制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法 以该市光明实小、钓鱼台小学为采样点,分别在秋季冬季对PM25进行采样。测定Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、Ni、As的含量,并利用富集因子(EF)法和潜在生态危害指数法对其生态风险进行评价。结果 除Ni外,其他元素的浓度均为冬季均高于秋季。秋季细颗粒物中As、Cd、Cr、Ni的超标率分别为2619%、2619%、10000%、238%;冬季细颗粒物中As、Cd、Cr的超标率分别为4091%、2728%、10000%。Hg的富集因子大于2,其他元素的富集因子均小于1。所有元素均属于低生态风险。结论 该市大气PM2.5中秋季Cr、Ni、Cd、As浓度超标,冬季Cr、As、Cd超标。除Ni外,其他元素的浓度冬季均高于秋季。Hg为中度富集,而其他元素则没有富集。该市秋冬季大气PM2.5中6种有毒元素均属于低生态风险。     

Dietary Intake of Toxic Heavy Metals with Major Groups of Food Products—Results of Analytical Determinations

Food contains a complex matrix of various substances, including essential nutrients, non-nutritive substances, and toxins, including metals. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the contribution of major groups of food products to an overall intake of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, and Ni) using a combination of the 24-dietary recall technique, the ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) method, and chemometric tools. The obtained results reveal that there is a high potential risk of developing nephrotoxicity through the dietary intake of Pb in the case of both genders. The dietary intake determined for other elements (Cd, Hg, and Ni) was far below the limits established by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) supported analytical determinations and revealed that cereals and vegetables were major contributors to a total intake of Cd (39.6 and 17.4% of the total exposure, respectively), Ni (40.4 and 19.3%), and Hg (16.8 and 19.6%), while water and beverages were major dietary sources of Pb (31% of the total daily intake). In contrast, eggs, fats and oils, and milk and dairy products provided the smallest amounts of Cd, Pb, and Ni. Despite containing high amounts of Hg, considering very low consumption, fish were not found to be an important source of this element.     

竹叶中7种微量元素的测定

硝酸—高氯酸(4:1)混酸分解竹叶样品,原子吸收光谱法测定竹叶中的Cu、Fe、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cd、Cr等7种微量元素,并比较了不同地区的竹叶中微量元素的含量。结果表明,竹叶中7种微量元素含量差异显著,其中Cu、Fe和Zn的含量较高,Ni、Pb次之,Cd和Cr最低,可为竹叶的质量评价提供参考依据。     

Multi-elemental concentrations in the tissues of the oceanic squid Todarodes filippovae from Tasmania and the southern Indian Ocean

This study investigates 14 elements (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn) in the tissues of the oceanic ommastrephid squid Todarodes filippovae from waters surrounding Île Amsterdam (southern Indian Ocean) and Tasmania (Australia). As for other cephalopod species, the digestive gland and branchial hearts showed the highest concentrations of many elements (Ag, Cd, Se, V and Zn, and Cr and Ni, respectively) highlighting their role in bioaccumulation and detoxification processes. With the exception of As and Hg, the muscles showed relatively low trace element concentrations. Squid size was positively correlated to Ag, As, Cd, Hg and Zn concentrations in Tasmanian squid and negatively correlated to all but Hg and Zn concentrations in Île Amsterdam squid. Furthermore, no differences in elemental concentrations were noted between sexes. There were, however, some differences between mated and non-mated females from Tasmania. Comparing elemental concentrations in squid from both islands, higher concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and V in squid sampled in Île Amsterdam reflect different exposure conditions. When considering T. filippovae as a dietary resource for humans it should be noted that, given their Hg content, squids from Île Amsterdam are not recommended for consumption on a regular basis. Moreover, regardless of the squid's origin, digestive glands should be avoided as Cd and Hg concentrations were above the European Union authorized limits in these organs.     

How are trace elements mobilized during the postweaning fast in Northern elephant seals?

Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups undergo a substantial intertissue reorganization of protein, minerals, and other cellular components during their postweaning development, which might entail the mobilization of associated contaminants. The authors investigated the changes in concentrations of 11 elements (Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) in a longitudinal study on 22 northern elephant seal pups during the postweaning fast. Slight changes in most element concentrations were observed in blood throughout the fast. Circulating levels of Hg, Se, and Cu appeared less altered during the postweaning fast than measured during suckling. Despite the considerable fat utilization, element concentrations, except Fe, in blubber remained stable throughout the fast, which suggests that elements are mobilized from blubber as efficiently as lipids. As indicators of the placental transfer, concentrations in lanugo hair revealed the existence of maternal transfer and accumulation of all assayed trace elements during fetal development. In addition, the new pelage, rapidly produced after weaning, appeared to be an important elimination route for toxic metals such as Hg, Cd, and Pb. The high mineral content detected in pup hair suggests that this species would be more exposed to trace elements than other phocids (except Cd and Pb). Nevertheless, this statement needs further monitoring and toxicological studies to determine better the exposition to trace elements and its potential impact on the health of the northern elephant seal. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2354-2365. ? 2012 SETAC.     

铁筷子中微量元素的研究

目的:对不同产地铁筷子中微量元素含量进行分析。方法:用原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光分光光度法测定铁筷子中Cu、Hg、As、Cr、Se、Cd、Pb的含量。结果:不同产地铁筷子中微量元素Cu、Hg、As、Cr、Se、Cd、Pb含量有显著性影响。结论:革东村的铁筷子中有害微量元素含量最低,有益微量元素含量最高。     

Comparison of Maternal and Embryonic Trace Element Concentrations in Common Thresher Shark (Alopias vulpinus) Muscle Tissue

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - This study compared the concentration of essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, Zn) and nonessential (Ag, As, Cd, Hg, Pb) trace elements in...     

微量元素与冠心病关系初探

目的：探讨微量元素与冠心病的关系,方法：采用1：1配对病例对照研究方法,对186对冠心病和对照,应用光谱色仪扫描法测定了血清17种微量元素并进行了相应统计分析,结果：冠心病患微量元素Fe,Cd,Pb,Ni,Ag含量升高,Cu ,Cr,Si,Sc,Sr,Mo降低,其中Fe,Cd,Pb和Cu,Cr,Si的变化更为显,高含量Fe,Cd是冠心病的重要危险因素,而Cu,Cr为保护性因素,元素原子量,原子序数增大且不稳定性增强时,易生产有害作用,Fe,Cd,Cu,Cr是冠心病比较理想的辨别指标,结论：血清微量元素与冠心病存在密切关系,Fe,Cd,Cu,Cr等是冠心病的重要影响因素,微量元素在冠心病的预防,诊断,治疗中可以发挥重要的作用。     

Mercury and other trace elements in farmed and wild salmon from British Columbia, Canada

The present study reports measured levels of Hg and other trace elements in commercial salmon feed; farmed Atlantic, coho, and chinook salmon (n = 110); and wild coho, chinook, chum, sockeye, and pink salmon (n = 91). Metal concentrations in farmed and wild salmon from British Columbia, Canada, were relatively low and below human health consumption guidelines. Methylmercury in all salmon samples (range, 0.03-0.1 microg/g wet wt) were below the 0.5 microg/g guideline set by Health Canada. Negligible differences in metal concentrations were observed between the various species of farmed and wild salmon. Metal concentrations generally were higher in commercial salmon feed compared to farmed salmon. Mercury showed slight bioaccumulation potential in farmed salmon, with biomagnification factors (BMFs) ranging between 0.8 and 1.9. Other metals, such as Cd, Pb, and Ni, exhibited biodilution, with BMFs of much less than one. The relatively low degree of biomagnification of metals observed in farmed salmon likely resulted from the combination of low gastrointestinal absorption efficiency, negligible transfer to muscle tissue relative to other compartments, and a high degree of growth dilution in these fish. Human dietary exposure calculations indicate intakes of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, As, and Ni via farmed and wild British Columbia salmon are a relatively small percentage of total intakes (0.05-32%) compared to other Canadian foodstuffs, such as fruits, vegetables, chicken, and beef (68-99%). Although total dietary exposure of Cd, Pb, and Cu approached provisional tolerable daily intake levels, the contribution from British Columbia salmon was less than 2%. Our findings indicate farmed and wild British Columbia salmon remain a safe source of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid intake for cardioprotective and, possibly, other health benefits.     

银川市城区大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素污染特征及来源分析

目的探讨银川市大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素来源及各来源所占比例,为金属元素污染控制提供科学依据。方法在银川市城区设置2个监测点,2015年每月定期采集大气PM_(2.5)样品,共采集样品164份,分析锑(Sb)、铝(Al)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、硒(Se)、铊(Tl)11种金属元素含量及来源。结果 PM_(2.5)质量浓度及部分金属元素含量具有明显的季节变化特征,夏秋低、冬春高。PM_(2.5)中金属元素平均质量浓度顺序:AlPbMnAsTbCdCrSeTlNiHg,环境空气中Pb年均浓度和季平均浓度均未超标。Pb、Tl、Cd、Mn、Se、As主要来源为人为源,主要受到交通源、工业源及燃烧源等人为污染影响。结论银川市大气PM_(2.5)重金属元素的污染特征和来源有其自身的地域性特征。PM_(2.5)质量浓度及金属元素含量受供暖期影响,主要来源于人为污染。     

马兰草中微量元素研究

目的:对不同产地马兰草中微量元素含量进行考察。方法:用原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光分光光度法测定马兰草中Cu、Se、Hg、Pb、Cd、As、Cr的含量。结果:不同产地马兰草中微量元素含量有显著性差异。结论:大转弯的马兰草中有害微量元素含量最低,有益微量元素含量最高。     

Elemental composition of four farmed fish produced in Portugal

Farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and turbot (Psetta maxima) produced in Portugal were analysed in order to characterize their elemental composition. Atomic absorption (flame and cold vapour) and molecular absorption spectrometry techniques were used to determine all the studied elements. Similar patterns of macro, trace and ultra trace elements were observed for all fish species. The main elements were potassium (K), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), followed by zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni). Cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) concentrations, obtained in this study, allow concluding that these species do not present a hazard for human consumption. In addition, they contain almost all essential elements at concentrations sufficient to suit the dietary reference intake. Nevertheless, P. maxima nutritious trace element content is relatively low compared with the other three species.     

Human exposure in Italy to lead,cadmium and mercury through fish and seafood product consumption from Eastern Central Atlantic Fishing Area

The presence of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) was investigated in fish and seafood products collected from the FAO Major Fishing Area 34, Eastern Central Atlantic. Samples were purchased from different retail outlets in Italy. Samples were selected so as to assess human exposure through diet. Metals were detected by Q-ICP-MS and Hg-AAS. All the metal concentrations detected were largely below the maximum levels (MLs) established by the European Union. The exposure assessment was undertaken by matching the concentration of Cd, Pb and total Hg in fish and other seafood products selected purposed according to Italian consumption data. The estimated weekly intakes (EWIs) for the evaluated elements related to the consumption of fish and other seafood products by the median of the Italian total population accounted for 14%, 2% and 14% of the standard tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for Cd and Hg as well as the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for Pb, respectively.     

微波消解ICP—OES法测定当归中的微量元素

采用微波消解ICO-OES法对当归中的18种微量元素进行测定。结果表明,当归样品中元素含量高低依次是K、P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Al、Na、Zn、Cu、Mn、Sr、B、Ba、Cr、Ni、Pb、Cd、As,其中Pb、Cd、As含量甚微。除Pb、Cd、As外,各元素相对标准偏差(RSD)小于4.076%,各元素的加标回收率在96%~106%之间。     

Distribution of Mercury and Other Trace Metals in the Cockle Cerastoderma glaucum from the Mediterranean Lagoon Etang de Thau

The concentrations of Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Fe in the soft tissue of the cockle Cerastoderma glaucum from six sites along the Mediterranean Lagoon Etang de Thau were determined by AAS; Hg was determined by the cold-vapor technique. Significant spatial variations in metal concentrations within the lagoon were recorded. Elevated levels of tissue Pb, Cr, and Hg in the Etang des Eaux Blanches, an area adjacent to the harbor and highly industrialized region, are likely of anthropogenic origin. Seasonally dependent variations in the tissue concentrations of trace elements at Crique de l'Angle were observed. The highest levels of Cr and Pb in the tissue were identified in March 1992, of Hg, Co, and Fe in period August 1990–January 1991, of Mn in August 1992, and Ag in January 1991. The gills contained the maximum amounts of Co and Ni, the mantle the most Fe and Hg, and the digestive gland (hepatopancreas) had most Cu. Received: 10 February 1998/Accepted: 6 July 1998     

Body distribution of trace elements in black-tailed gulls from Rishiri Island, Japan: age-dependent accumulation and transfer to feathers and eggs

Body distribution and maternal transfer of 18 trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl, and Pb) to eggs were examined in black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris), which were culled in Rishiri Island, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. Manganese, Cu, Rb, Mo, and Cd showed the highest levels in liver and kidney, Ag, Sb, and Hg in feather, and V, Sr, and Pb in bone. Maternal transfer rates of trace elements ranged from 0.8% (Cd) to as much as 65% (Tl) of maternal body burden. Large amounts of Sr, Ba, and Tl were transferred to the eggs, though maternal transfer rates of V, Cd, Hg, and Pb were substantially low. It also was observed that Rb, Sr, Cd, Cs, and Ba hardly were excreted into feathers. Concentrations of Co in liver, Ba in liver and kidney, and Mo in liver increased significantly with age, whereas Se in bone and kidney, Hg in kidney, and Cr in feather decreased with age in the known-aged black-tailed gulls (2-20 years old). It also was suggested that feathers might be useful to estimate contamination status of trace elements in birds, especially for Hg on a population basis, although the utility is limited on an individual basis for the black-tailed gulls. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the maternal transfer rate of multielements and also on the usefulness of feathers to estimate contamination status of Hg in birds on a population basis.     

十种化合物对大鼠游离肝细胞联合毒性的研究

采用细胞毒理学方法，以大鼠游离肝细胞半数中毒浓度（ＴＣ５０）为观察指标，对镉、硒、铜、砷、锑、汞、锌、铅、铬、镍１０种金属及类金属组成２９个配对进行了联合毒性的研究。结果表明，１０种金属及类金属化合物肝细胞毒性大小顺序是汞＞镉＞铅＞砷＞锑＞铜＞铬＞镍＞锌＞硒，与体内肝毒性顺序基本一致。汞、镉、铅三种金属之间有增毒作用，对其它金属的毒性亦有增强作用。锌可以拮抗镉、铅的毒性作用，硒可以保护汞、砷对细胞的毒性，其余金属配对呈毒性相加作用。铬和砷对镉的细胞毒性表现为拮抗作用，其机理需要进一步进行研究。     

2017—2019年石家庄市PM2.5中重金属污染及健康风险评价

目的 了解2017—2019年石家庄市大气PM2.5中重金属元素的污染特征及来源,并对重金属的人群健康风险进行评价。 方法 采集2017—2019年每月10-16日和空气质量指数（air quality index, AQI）≥ 200条件下的大气PM2.5,利用富集因子法和地累积指数法判别元素的来源和污染程度,以及采用美国环境保护署推荐的健康风险评估模型对人群健康风险进行评价。 结果 采样期间,PM2.5及其重金属浓度的变化特征一致,均表现为采暖期>非采暖期（ZPM2.5 =-8.754,ZSb =-10.549,ZAs =-6.916,ZCd =-9.472, ZCr =-8.396,ZHg =-12.527,ZPb =-11.133, ZMn =-6.273, ZNi =-7.131,ZSe =-5.067,ZTl =-6.805,P<0.05）,各元素含量由高到低依次是Pb、Mn、Se、As、Sb、Cr、Cd、Ni、Tl、Hg。污染来源及程度评价表明:除Cr、Ni外,其他元素富集因子值均大于10;Cd、Cr、Se、Tl的地累积指数值均大于5。健康风险分析显示:不同人群中各元素的致癌和非致癌风险由高到低依次为成人、青少年、儿童;其中,儿童、青少年女性高于男性（Cr、Ni、Hg）,成人男性高于女性（As、Cr、Ni、Hg、Pb、Mn）。结论 石家庄市大气PM2.5中重金属污染主要受人为活动影响,其致癌和非致癌风险均在可接受水平之内。     

Relationships among developmental stage,metamorphic timing,and concentrations of elements in bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana)

We collected bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) larvae from a coal combustion waste settling basin to investigate the effects of developmental stage and timing of metamorphosis on concentrations of a series of trace elements in bullfrog tissues. Bullfrogs at four stages of development (from no hind limbs to recently metamorphosed juveniles) and bullfrogs that metamorphosed in the fall or overwintered in the contaminated basin and metamorphosed in the spring were analyzed for whole-body concentrations of Al, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ag, Sr, and Se. After the effects of dry mass were removed, tissue concentrations of six elements (Al, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, and Pb) decreased from the late larval stage through metamorphosis. Decreases in concentrations through metamorphosis ranged from 40% for Cu to 97% for Al. Tissue concentrations of these elements were also similar or higher in spring; Al and Cr concentrations were 34 and 90% higher in the spring, respectively, whereas As, Ni, Cu, and Pb concentrations were <10% higher. Concentrations of Cd, Se, and Ag varied among seasons but not among stages; Cd and Ag concentrations were 40 and 62% lower, respectively, and Se concentrations were 21% higher in spring. Concentrations of Zn varied only among stages; concentrations decreased gradually through late larval stage and then increased through metamorphosis. Concentrations of Sr varied among stages, but this variation was dependent on the season. Concentrations of Sr were higher in larval stages during the spring, but because concentrations of Sr increased 122% through metamorphosis in the fall and only 22% in the spring, concentrations were higher in fall metamorphs when compared with spring metamorphs. Our results indicate that metamorphosis and season of metamorphosis affects trace element concentrations in bullfrogs and may have important implications for the health of juveniles and the transfer of pollutants from the aquatic to the terrestrial environment.