双相情感障碍抑郁发作与单相抑郁发作患者的记忆功能比较

目的 探讨双相情感障碍抑郁发作患者与单相抑郁发作患者的记忆功能损害的差异.方法 收集符合DSM-IV-TR的30例双相情感障碍抑郁发作患者和30例单相抑郁发作患者.采用韦氏记忆量表（WMS）评定两组记忆功能,汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版（HAMD-17）评定抑郁严重程度.结果 双相情感障碍抑郁发作组理解记忆、延迟理解记忆、视觉再生、延迟视觉再生得分均明显低于单相抑郁发作组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t分别为14.54,7.99,18.69,9.93;P＜0.05）.结论 抑郁症状严重程度相同时,双相情感障碍抑郁发作对记忆功能的损害比单相抑郁发作对患者的影响更重.     

双相抑郁与单相抑郁的临床对照研究

目的：探讨双相抑郁与单相抑郁临床特征的区别。方法：惧单相抑郁症患者３２例,双相抑郁症患者４０便,从临床的角度进行对照研究。结果：单相抑郁症患者多见焦虑、自杀行为;而双相抑郁却以精神运动性迟滞突出。治疗上单相抑郁症患者抗抑郁剂疗铲明显优于舒必利,而对双相抑郁症病从舒必利与抗抑郁剂同样有效,且舒必利有药物副反应小,不易转躁的特点。结论：舒必利可作为双相抑郁症病伯首选药物,临床特征有助于对双相抑郁与单相     

双相情感障碍抑郁发作的治疗进展

双相情感障碍抑郁发作(简称双相抑郁)的治疗一直是精神科临床工作的难点之一,争议颇多。现将其研究动向进行综述,以期对临床工作者有所帮助。     

肝豆状核变性合并双相情感障碍抑郁发作1例

本病例报告了一例17岁女性患者,因“情绪欠佳、易烦躁5月+”来院治疗。患者5岁时诊断肝豆状核变性。此次入院后,根据《国际疾病分类（第10版）》（ICD-10）,诊断为：(1)肝豆状核变性;(2)双相情感障碍抑郁发作。给予心境稳定剂和抗抑郁药联合治疗后病情好转。目前,鲜有关于肝豆状核变性合并双相情感障碍抑郁发作的报道,诊断考虑躯体疾病所致的精神障碍还是两者共病,存在争议。另外,在对患者精神疾病的治疗中,往往忽视躯体情况。本案例综合考虑患者的精神症状和躯体情况,对诊断和药物治疗方案进行分析,提示精神科医生在临床工作中既要关注精神症状,也要密切重视患者既往躯体疾病病史,进行合理诊断与治疗。     

双相障碍抑郁发作药物治疗的研究进展

以抑郁为首发的双相障碍患者往往进行抗抑郁治疗,很少联合应用心境稳定剂[1],致使很多患者转躁.重性抑郁障碍(MDD)和双相障碍在最新的DSM-5中是两种并列的主要心境障碍,近年来随着新的抗抑郁药不断出现,使大家对MDD的关注相对较多,国外有资料显示,双相障碍被误诊为单相抑郁多达40%,平均延误诊断7.5年,约1/3患者因为未使用心境稳定剂而影响疗效.MDD和双相障碍抑郁发作是两种完全不同的疾病,后者的临床表现和病程变化更为复杂,增加了治疗的难度,预后效果更差,抗抑郁治疗易转相,故而有效治疗双相障碍抑郁发作受到越来越多的关注[2].本文对双相障碍抑郁发作药物治疗的新发展进行综述如下.     

双相情感障碍抑郁发作急性期治疗后残留症状及其 影响因素

目的 探索双相障碍抑郁发作急性期治疗后的残留症状、功能损害及其影响因素。 方法 本研究为单中心、横断面研究，筛查2016 年2—12 月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京安定医院门 诊或住院的双相障碍且最近一次是抑郁发作的患者130 例。通过标准化的问卷及访谈过程收集人口学 资料、疾病临床特征。结果 共纳入121 例受试者，其中有残留抑郁症状患者23.1%（28/121）。临床痊 愈与残留抑郁症状两组在性别（χ2=17.90，P＜ 0.01）、急性期伴有睡眠障碍（χ2=7.37，P=0.01）、近2 年的 发作次数（Z=-2.46，P=0.01）等方面差异有统计学意义，二分类Logistic 回归显示男性、急性期伴有睡眠 障碍、近2 年发作次数多，均是急性期治疗后残留抑郁症状的独立危险因素。残留抑郁症状组各方面受 损程度较临床痊愈组严重，且与抑郁程度呈正相关。结论 双相障碍抑郁发作急性期治疗后部分患者 仍然存在残留的抑郁症状，其中男性、急性期伴有睡眠障碍、近2 年发作次数多是其危险因素，残留的 抑郁症状对患者影响严重，应该加强针对性治疗，以改善预后。     

单相抑郁与双相抑郁障碍临床特征的对照研究

目的探讨单相抑郁与双相抑郁障碍的临床特征和现象学上的异同。方法以单相抑郁144例和双相抑郁96例为研究对象,对两者一般资料及临床特征进行对照分析,以基线和治疗6周时汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）总分评价疗效。结果单相抑郁患者中家族史阳性率低,合并焦虑、自杀意念多见,治疗6周时总有效率为72．2％,而双相抑郁患者中伴激越、精神病性症状、不典型抑郁症状突出,治疗6周时总有效率为52．1％。结论单相抑郁与双相抑郁临床特征及现象学方面有所不同,单相抑郁治疗效果更好。发病年龄早、有家族史、外向个性、临床表现伴不典型抑郁表现等因素可能提示为双相抑郁。     

双相障碍与单相抑郁患者雌二醇和催乳素水平对照研究

目的探讨双相障碍、单相抑郁患者与健康人群之间雌二醇、催乳素水平差异以及性激素水平与躁狂、抑郁症状之间的相关性。方法选取2014年1月-2015年5月收住北京回龙观医院的符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)双相情感障碍、抑郁发作诊断标准的患者99例(男性55例,女性44例)。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项版(HAMD-24)、蒙哥马利-艾森贝格抑郁量表(MADRS)评估抑郁症状,采用贝克-拉范森躁狂量表(BRMS)评估躁狂症状;选取与患者组性别、年龄及受教育程度相匹配的42例健康人作为对照组。采用化学发光免疫分析法检测研究对象周围血中雌二醇、催乳素水平。结果催乳素水平在双相障碍组、单相抑郁组以及健康对照组之间差异有统计学意义(F=6.575,P0.05),而三组雌二醇水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05),催乳素水平与BRMS评分呈正相关(r=0.361,P=0.033),雌二醇水平与抑郁症状及躁狂症状评分相关均不显著(P0.05)。结论心境障碍患者存在性激素水平的改变;性激素水平与情感症状严重程度存在相关性。     

双相障碍抑郁发作的治疗进展

双相障碍抑郁发作 (以下简称双相抑郁 )具独特的临床特点[1] ,这类患者特别是发病年龄小的患者更易出现精神病性症状 ,自杀风险更高 ,共患物质滥用的比例较高 ,平均寿命较短于其他抑郁障碍患者 ,临床治疗常因此而较为棘手。在治疗上 ,双相抑郁与其他抑郁的差异主要在于单纯抗抑郁药治疗诱发躁狂的风险高 ,需要联用心境稳定剂[2 ] 。鉴于国内关于双相抑郁治疗的文献较少 ,而国外近年来对此多有探讨(检索Medline数据库近 5年的文献 ) ,故对此予以复习。一、药物治疗众多治疗原则及文献均认为 ,心境稳定剂是治疗的基础[1,3 ,4] 。对于伴精神病…     

双相情感障碍混合发作血清细胞因子水平研究

目的：比较双相情感障碍混合发作与躁狂发作及抑郁发作患者之间血清细胞因子的水平。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附法测定38例双相情感障碍混合发作患者（混合组）、54例躁狂发作患者（躁狂组）、47例抑郁发作患者（抑郁组）及38名正常人（对照组）血清白介素-1（IL-1β）、白介素-2（IL-2）及白介素-6（IL-6）的浓度;混合组患者于治疗前和治疗8周进行Hamilton抑郁量表（HAMD-24）和Young躁狂量表（YMRS）评定。结果：混合组IL-1β浓度显著高于躁狂组及抑郁组（P〈0.01）,但与对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。混合组IL-2浓度与躁狂组、抑郁组及对照组之间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。混合组IL-6浓度显著高于躁狂组、抑郁组及对照组（P〈0.001）。混合组IL-6浓度治疗8周后较治疗前显著下降（t=3.372,P〈0.01）,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（t=1.823,P〉0.05）。混合组治疗前后IL-6浓度差值与HAMD-24、YMRS减分率之间均无显著相关（r分别=-0.211、-0.100,P均〉0.05）。结论：双相情感障碍混合发作可能存在IL-6诱导的免疫功能异常,有不同于双相情感障碍躁狂发作及抑郁发作的生物学特征。     

Verbal memory performance of patients with a first depressive episode and patients with unipolar and bipolar recurrent depression

Depression is usually associated with episodic memory impairment. The main clinical features of depression associated with that memory impairment are not clearly defined. The main goal of that study was to assess the role of the diagnostic subtypes and the number of depressive episodes on the memory performance of acute unipolar (UP) and bipolar (BP) depressed patients.Twenty-three patients with a first major depressive episode (FE), 28 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for UP recurrent depression (UR) and 18 BP patients with recurrent depression were compared with 88 healthy subjects on a verbal episodic memory task. Patients suffering from a first depressive episode did not show verbal memory impairment as compared to normal controls. Unlike FE patients, UR and BP patients exhibited verbal memory deficits with impaired free recall and normal cued recall and recognition. The memory deficits of the UR and BP patients was present in the first free recall trial. Depressed patients improved their memory performance across the three trials of the task at the same rate than normal controls. Our results suggest that the number of depressive episodes has a negative influence on verbal memory performance of acute depressed patients. The effects of the repetition of the depressive episodes are not modulated by the subtypes of depression and may reflect sensitization to the cognitive impact of depression associated with increasing prefrontal dysfunction.     

Frequency of manic symptoms during a depressive episode and unipolar 'depressive mixed state' as bipolar spectrum

OBJECTIVE: To report the frequency of intra-episode manic symptoms in depressive episodes, and to evaluate unipolar depressive mixed state (DMS) as bipolar spectrum. METHOD: A total of 958 (863 unipolar, 25 bipolar II, and 70 bipolar I) depressive in-patients were assessed in terms of manic symptoms at admission, and several clinical variables using standardized methods. RESULTS: The frequency of manic symptoms (flight of idea, logorrhea, aggression, excessive social contact, increased drive, irritability, racing thoughts, and distractibility) was significantly higher in bipolar depressives than in unipolar depressives. Unipolar depressives with DMS - defined as having two or more manic symptoms - had more similarities to bipolar depressives than to other unipolar depressives in clinical variables such as onset age, family history of bipolar disorder, and possibly suicidality. CONCLUSION: Depressive mixed state is frequent, particular in bipolar depressives. Unipolar depressives with DMS may be better classified into bipolar spectrum.     

Atypical depressive symptoms and clusters in unipolar and bipolar depression

In order to examine differences in the atypical symptoms of depression between unipolar and bipolar patients, we studied 109 depressed patients (79 unipolar and 30 bipolar subjects) diagnosed with DSM-IV criteria. Patients were assessed using the Atypical Depression Diagnostic Scale (ADDS), a semi-structured interview that rates mood reactivity and other atypical depressive symptoms. Although atypical depression was common in this sample (28% of cases with definite atypical depression), no differences were found between the unipolar and bipolar patients in either the atypical symptom profile or the prevalence of an atypical depression diagnosis. The interrelationships between the atypical symptoms were also examined using a hierarchical cluster analysis. A five-cluster solution maximized differences between groups, with results suggesting that atypical depression may be a heterogeneous diagnosis.     

首发、复发和双相抑郁患者精神症状的比较

目的:探讨首发、复发及双相抑郁患者精神症状的差异。方法:对首次抑郁发作患者(首发组,24例)、复发性抑郁症患者(复发组,57例)及双相抑郁患者(双相组,25例)进行汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑评定量表(HAMA)、杨氏躁狂评定量表(YMRS)以及阳性和阴性症状评定量表(PANSS)评定和比较。结果:HAMD、HAMA评分在3组间差异无统计学意义;YMRS评分3组间差异有统计学意义(F=5.2,P=0.007);双相组(6.6±9.0)显著高于首发组(2.8±3.4)和复发组(2.2±3.2)(q=3.86,q=4.40;P均<0.05)。双相组HAMD中的躯体焦虑因子分、体重因子分均显著低于复发组(P<0.05或P<0.01);双相组精神病理学症状评分如意志活动、愤怒、幻觉、易激惹、激越、思维联想加快、破坏或攻击行为、活动增加显著高于首发组及复发组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:双相障碍患者抑郁发作时可出现与躁狂相关精神症状。     

Grey matter volume abnormalities in patients with bipolar I depressive disorder and unipolar depressive disorder:a voxelbased morphometry study

Bipolar disorder and unipolar depressive disorder(UD) may be different in brain structure. In the present study,we performed voxel-based morphometry(VBM) to quantify the grey matter volumes in 23 patients with bipolar I depressive disorder(BP1) and 23 patients with UD,and 23 age-,gender-,and educationmatched healthy controls(HCs) using magnetic resonance imaging. We found that compared with the HC and UD groups,the BP1 group showed reduced grey matter volumes in the right inferior frontal gyrus and middle cingulate gyrus,while the UD group showed reduced volume in the right inferior frontal gyrus compared to HCs. In addition,correlation analyses revealed that the grey matter volumes of these regions were negatively correlated with the Hamilton depression rating scores. Taken together,the results of our study suggest that decreased grey matter volume of the right inferior frontal gyrus is a common abnormality in BP1 and UD,and decreasedgrey matter volume in the right middle cingulate gyrus may be specifi c to BP1.