阿苯达唑脂质体生发层单抗复合物治疗小鼠细粒棘球蚴病效果观察

目的　评价阿苯达唑免疫脂质体 (IL - Alb)治疗小鼠细粒棘球蚴病的效果。　方法　每只小鼠感染约 10 0 0个细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴 ,80天后随机分为 5组 ,4个治疗组分别给予阿苯达唑 (Alb)、阿苯达唑脂质体 (L-Alb)、阿苯达唑亚砜脂质体 (L - Albso)及 IL - Alb,按原药 10 0 m g/ (kg.d)× 5 d ip,连续 3个疗程 ,另 1组为对照组。治疗效果按囊重抑制率、常规病理切片、超微结构及高效液相色谱法测定囊药含量 4个指标综合评价。　结果　L - Alb治疗组 ,囊重抑制率为 80 .3% ,囊药含量为 2 .18μg/ g,优于 Alb组囊重抑制率为 6 1.2 % ,囊药含量为 0 .76μg/ g;而 IL- Alb组的囊重抑制率为 91.45 % ,囊药含量为 5 .15 μg/ g。组织病理损伤以 IL- Alb组较重。　结论　免疫脂质体作为 Alb载体 ,可增加药物的靶特异性 ,提高 Alb治疗细粒棘球蚴的疗效。     

己酮可可碱联合阿苯达唑治疗小鼠泡球蚴病的疗效观察

目的 观察己酮可可碱（PTX）和阿苯达唑（ABZ）单独及联合用药对小鼠继发性泡球蚴病的疗效。 方法 对小鼠继发性泡球蚴病进行药物治疗，各治疗组药物用量分别为：ABZ组 50 mg/（kg·d）；PTX高剂量组360 mg/（kg·d）；PTX低剂量组180 mg/（kg·d）；联合组 ABZ 50 mg/（kg·d） + PTX 180 mg/（kg·d）；感染对照组（未治疗组）和空白对照组均给予等体积生理盐水，用小鼠灌胃针经口每天灌胃给药1次，连续治疗100 d后 （其间14只死亡），检测各小鼠泡球蚴湿重、抑囊率及小鼠血清细胞因子转化生长因子?鄄β （TGF-β）、白细胞介素?鄄2 （IL-2）和IL?鄄10；并对泡球蚴组织进行病理组织学和超微结构观察。 结果 PTX在体外能有效地杀灭原头节（高剂量组为100%）, 在体内对泡球蚴抑制作用虽较弱（高剂量组为37%），但能增强小鼠的免疫力。联合用药对泡球蚴有明显的抑制作用，抑囊率为88 %，ABZ抑囊率为58 % （P<0.05）。 结论 PTX联合ABZ治疗小鼠继发性泡球蚴病疗效明显优于ABZ。     

青蒿琥酯治疗小鼠继发性棘球蚴病的效果观察

目的评价中药青蒿琥酯(Art)和阿苯达唑(Alb)及两药联用治疗小鼠继发性棘球蚴病的疗效。方法将人工感染细粒棘球蚴囊液及包囊组织的小鼠随机分为5组,治疗组分别给予青蒿琥酯(Art)25 mg/kg·d、50 mg/kg·d、阿苯达唑(Alb)50 mg/kg·d、Art 25 mg/kg·d +Alb 25 mg/kg·d ,连续治疗90 d。模型对照组不作治疗。另设空白对照组。治疗效果以棘球蚴湿重、囊重抑制率、脾脏指数、组织病理变化及超微结构改变为评价指标。结果各用药组小鼠包囊生长明显被抑制,抑制率分别为52 .96 %,64 .34 %,65 .31 %,77 .08 %,联合用药组效果优于单独用药组。与模型对照组比较,各治疗组小鼠脾脏指数、血清IL-4及IgE水平均降低(P均<0 .05)。结论青蒿琥酯对小鼠棘球蚴的生长及由此引起的超敏反应有一定的抑制作用,联合阿苯达唑治疗效果更好。     

阿苯达唑脂质体对小鼠细粒棘球蚴囊超微结构的影响

目的:探讨阿苯达唑脂质体(liposom alalbendazole,L-ABZ)及其联合西咪替丁(cim etidine,CTD)治疗小鼠细粒棘球蚴病的病理形态变化。方法:将阿苯达唑脂质体及西咪替丁(1.5% 乳液阿苯达唑200 m g/kg,西咪替丁100 m g/kg),经口灌喂感染小鼠3个月后,用光镜和电镜观察小鼠肝、腹细粒棘球蚴囊结构的病理改变。结果:以阿苯达唑脂质体联合西咪替丁治疗组细粒棘球蚴囊组织变性坏死改变最为显著,与对照组有显著性差异(P< 0.01)。结论:脂质体包封阿苯达唑,可提高阿苯达唑的抗细粒棘球蚴作用,西咪替丁具有明显的协同作用     

两种剂型阿苯达唑治疗肝囊型包虫病的疗效对照观察

目的　在用阿苯达唑片剂作为对照的条件下 ,观察阿苯达唑乳剂治疗肝囊型包虫病的临床疗效。　方法　采用阿苯达唑乳剂 12 .5 mg/kg· d、阿苯达唑片剂 2 0 mg/kg· d,每 3个月为一疗程 ,以停药时的疗效为近期疗效 ,停药后随访 1～ 2年的结果为远期疗效进行比较观察。　结果　服用阿苯达唑乳剂的 4 9例患者中近期治愈率为 6 7.35 % ,远期治愈率 74 .19% ;服用阿苯达唑片剂的 32例患者中近期治愈率为 31.2 5 % ,远期治愈率为 36 .0 %。　结论　阿苯达唑乳剂的疗效确切 ,不良反应轻微 ,可用于包虫病患者的治疗和手术后防止复发。     

抗肠虫药和免疫调节剂联合疗法杀灭中间宿主体内犬弓蛔虫移行幼虫的效果

作者研究了抗肠虫药苯硫达唑(FBZ)和阿苯达唑(ABZ)与受免疫调节剂葡聚糖(Glu)联合应用对实验感染犬弓蛔虫的近交系C57BL/6J小鼠的治疗效果。 小鼠分为8组,每组6只,经口给予1000个感染期虫卵。实验Ⅰ以FBZ和Glu治疗,在感染后的第3,4两天给药。分组为:第1组以FBZ20mg/kg口服,一日2次,总     

阿苯达唑联合黄芪对华支睾吸虫感染大鼠肝功能异常的疗效观察

目的 观察阿苯达唑联合黄芪对华支睾吸虫感染大鼠肝功能异常的疗效.方法 健康成年Wistar大鼠32只,按体质量随机分为对照组、未治疗组、阿苯达唑组和阿苯达唑+黄芪组.每组8只.未治疗组、阿苯达唑组和阿苯达唑+黄芪组大鼠给华支睾吸虫囊蚴50个/只灌胃,对照组大鼠给生理盐水灌胃:阿苯达唑组大鼠在感染后10周每日每只给阿苯达唑50 mg/kg灌胃,连续5 d;阿苯达唑+黄芪组大鼠在给阿苯达唑的同时腹腔注射黄芪注射液800 mg/kg,连续30 d.于感染后14周采集血样,检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、透明质酸酶(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)和Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢP)水平.结果 大鼠血清ALT和LN水平组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F值分别为31.40、11.82,P<0.01).血清ALT和LN水平,未治疗组[(85.50±9.65)U/L、(64.20±4.18)μg/L]、阿苯达唑组[(65.29±7.78)U/L、(58.23±2.55)μg/L]较对照组[(47.88±4.88)U/L、(51.20±4.12)μg/L]明显升高(P<0.05);阿苯达唑组和阿苯达唑+黄芪组[(50.25±9.29)U/L、(53.68±5.63)μg/L]较未治疗组明显下降(P<0.05),阿苯达唑+黄芪组下降较阿苯达唑组更明显(P<0.05).大鼠血清TBIL、PⅢNP和HA组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别是15.309、21.418、19.759,P<0.01).血清TBIL、PⅢNP、HA水平,未治疗组(2.400 μmol/L、46.220 μg/L、310.885 μg/L)、阿苯达唑组(1.200 μmol/L、36.540 μg/,L、178.010 μg/L)较对照组(0.700 μmol/L、26.085 μg/L、81.935 μg/L)明显升高(P<0.05).大鼠血清TBIL水平,阿苯达唑+黄芪组(0.750 μmol/L)较未治疗组明显降低(P<0.05):大鼠血清PⅢNP和HA水平,阿苯达唑组和阿苯达唑+黄芪组(30.470 μg/L、100.240 μg/L)较未治疗组明显降低(P<0.05),与阿苯达唑组比较,阿苯达唑+黄芪组大鼠血清TBIL、pⅢNP和HA水平下降更明显(P<0.05).结论 大鼠感染华支睾吸虫后肝功能异常,经阿苯达唑联合黄芪治疗后肝功能得到改善,肝纤维化减轻,阿苯达唑联合黄芪治疗效果好于单独应用阿苯达唑治疗.     

阿苯达唑乳剂治疗肝囊型包虫病212例临床疗效观察

目的　验证新剂型阿苯达唑乳剂对肝囊型包虫病患者的临床疗效。　方法　对 2 12例肝囊型包虫病患者用阿苯达唑 10 m g/ (kg· d)和 12 .5 mg/ (kg· d)两种剂量进行治疗。服药 3个月复查 1次为 1个疗程 ,各疗程之间不间断连续用药。以 B超影像特征为主判定疗效 ,观察不同疗程的效果。以停药时的检查结果为近期疗效。停药后随访 1～ 4年的结果为远期疗效。　结果　两个剂量组共 2 12例患者的平均近期疗效 :治愈率为74.5 % ,有效率为 99.1% ,无效率为 0 .9%。平均远期疗效 :治愈率为 83.1% ,有效率为 89.3% ,无效率为 0 .6 % ,复发率为 10 .2 %。以 12 .5 mg/ (kg· d)连续治疗 9个月的疗效较好。复发病例再治疗的效果良好。　结论　阿苯达唑乳剂对肝囊型包虫病的临床疗效超过当前包虫病药物治疗的最好水平 ,疗效稳定可靠 ,不良反应轻微 ,可成为治疗包虫病的首选药物。     

阿苯达唑和阿苯达唑亚砜对小鼠体内肠内期和肠外期旋毛线虫驱虫效果的比较

阿苯达唑(ABZ)是一种广泛使用的治疗肠道和组织内蠕虫感染的苯并咪唑类药物,在肝脏微粒体中氧化形成阿苯达唑亚砜(ABZSO)和阿苯达唑砜(ABZSO_2)。Ri-cobendazole(RBZ)是一种由ABESO构成的苯并咪唑类抗蠕虫药。作者应用旋毛线虫小鼠模型观察并比较了ABZ与RBZ的驱虫活性及药代动力学图。     

口服阿苯达唑和阿苯达唑亚砜对小鼠体内继发性棘球蚴发育的作用

包虫病治疗包括外科手术治疗和化学药物治疗。最近十年阿苯达唑(ABZ)是应用最广泛的化疗药物,但是药理学研究显示,ABZ通过肝脏代谢迅速,主要代谢产物为有活性的阿苯达唑亚砜(ABZ.OS)和无作用的砜。有实验将ABZ和ABZ.OS联合及分别用于体外培育的细粒棘球蚴(E.g.)头节,计数由头节培养形成的包囊和取自小鼠的完整囊     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.