克班宁灌胃给药抗心律失常作用的研究

目的研究克班宁灌胃给药抗心律失常的作用。方法分别采用氯仿致小鼠心律失常和氯化钡、乌头碱致大鼠心律失常2种动物模型,以BL-420生物机能实验系统地观察心电图的相关指标,记录并分析心电图曲线。观察不同剂量的克班宁对小鼠、大鼠心律失常的保护作用。结果与空白组比较,克班宁各剂量组能明显拮抗氯仿所致的室颤发生率(P<0.05),能推迟氯化钡诱发的心律失常发生时间并缩短心律失常持续时间(P<0.01,P<0.05),延长乌头碱诱发的各种室性心律失常出现时间(P<0.05)。结论克班宁灌胃给药可对抗氯仿、氯化钡和乌头碱诱发的实验性心律失常。     

克班宁急性毒性与抗心律失常活性的初步研究

目的研究克班宁(crebanine,Cre)的急性毒性与抗心律失常作用。方法以改良寇氏法考察小鼠静注LD₅₀,以BaCl₂致大鼠心律失常模型观察Cre的治疗与预防作用。结果LD₅₀为9.382mg/kg,95%可信限为8.314～10.600mg/kg;治疗组与预防组iv Cre2.5mg/kg可使大鼠恢复窦律,与对照(生理盐水)组相比,差异有显著性意义。结论Cre有一定的毒性,对大鼠实验性心律失常具有治疗与预防作用。     

克班宁急性毒性与抗心律失常活性的初步研究

目的 研究克班宁（crebanine,Cre）的急性毒性与抗心律失常作用。方法 以改良寇氏法考察小鼠静注LD50,以BaCl2致大鼠心律失常模型观察Cre的治疗与预防作用。结果 LD50为9．382mg／kg,95％可信限为8.314-10.600mg／kg;治疗组与预防组iv Cre2．5mg／kg可使大鼠恢复窦律,与对照（生理盐水）组相比,差异有显著性意义。结论 Cre有一定的毒性,对大鼠实验性心律失常具有治疗与预防作用。     

克班宁长循环脂质体的制备工艺

目的:研究克班宁长循环脂质体的处方筛选和制备工艺。方法:采用硫酸铵梯度法制备克班宁长循环脂质体,以包封率和载药量为评价指标,采用葡聚糖凝胶过滤法分离脂质体,紫外分光光度法测定克班宁含量,采用正交设计优化制备工艺。结果:最佳工艺为:药脂比为1:6,胆固醇与磷脂比为9:12,0.15 mol·L^-1的硫酸铵溶液,以PBS液(pH7.4)为透析介质,在40 ℃水浴,40 r·min^-1条件下孵化20 min。结论:硫酸铵梯度法制备的克班宁长循环脂质体处方合理,工艺可行,包封率较高。     

克班宁对大鼠心肌缺血及缺血再灌注所致心律失常的影响

克班宁(Crebanine,Cre)由防己科千金藤属(Stephania)植物"山乌龟"的部分品种中提取而得,是一种异喹啉类阿朴菲型(aporphine)生物碱,具有多种生理活性[1～4].我室前期实验表明,Cre对BaCl2,CaCl2,AC及氯仿引起的动物心律失常有效[5].本研究采用在体大鼠结扎冠状动脉及松扎再灌注的动物模型,旨在进一步观察Cre对大鼠冠脉结扎所致心律失常及对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,并对其作用机制进行初步探讨.     

克班宁注射剂原料药的质量标准研究

建立克班宁(crebanine)注射剂原料药的质量控制方法.方法:采用TLC进行定性鉴别.以RP-HPLC法Zirchrom ODS柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,15 μm)定量测定,流动相为甲醇-水-三乙胺(88:12:0.05),流速:1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长282 nm.结果:供试品与对照品在薄层板相同位置上显相同斑点;克班宁的峰面积与浓度呈线性关系,线性范围为0.9～10.8μg,r=0.999 7,平均加样回收率为99.4%～102.7%,RSD为1.3%～1.9%,10批样品含量均大于90%.结论:本法简便、准确、可靠,可作为该原料药的质量控制方法.     

克班宁对耐药细胞K562/HHT逆转作用的研究

目的　对克班宁 (CRE)逆转白血病耐药细胞系K5 6 2 /HHT的耐药性进行研究。方法　细胞毒试验采用MTT法 ,细胞内柔红霉素 (DNR)积累采用荧光分光光度法测定。结果　克班宁 5 μmol·L-1时显著增加高三尖杉酯碱(HHT)对K5 6 2 /HHT的细胞毒 ,细胞毒作用增强 13 0倍 ,同等条件下 8μmol·L-1维拉帕米为 19 4倍。克班宁能显著增加K5 6 2 /HHT细胞内DNR浓度。结论　克班宁通过增加多药耐药细胞内药物积累而调节多药耐药性     

HPLC测定克班宁注射液中原料药的有关物质

目的分析克班宁注射液原料药中的有关物质。方法应用HPLC法测定不同来源的10批克班宁原料药样品。采用Zirchrom ODS柱(250 mm×4.6 mm),以流动相A和B作梯度洗脱[(A为甲醇-水-10%三乙胺(50∶50∶0.5),B为甲醇-10%三乙胺(100∶0.5)];流速1.0 ml.min-1,检测波长282 nm,分析时间45 min。结果10批原料药中有两个有关物质共有峰,其中5批有6个有关物质共有峰,有关物质峰占总峰面积的3.04%~23.94%。结论所建分析方法灵敏、重复性好,为克班宁原料药的质量控制提供了依据。     

克班宁血液和关节微透析探针体内外回收率研究

目的：考察克班宁血液和关节微透析探针的体内外回收率及其稳定性。方法：采用正微透析法和反微透析法,分别考察克班宁灌流速率、质量浓度对血液和关节探针体外回收率的影响,探讨正、反微透析法的回收率之间的关系;将血液和关节探针分别植入大鼠颈静脉和关节腔,考察探针在大鼠体内10 h反向回收率的稳定性。结果：克班宁血液和关节探针体外正向和反向微透析的回收率随着灌流速率（1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0 μL·min^-1）的增大而降低;与克班宁质量浓度（4,8,16,40 μg·mL^-1）无关,正向回收率与反向回收率基本一致,说明可以用反微透析法的回收率代替正微透析法的回收率对药物实际浓度进行校正;克班宁血液和关节探针在大鼠体内10 h反向回收率保持相对稳定,血液和关节探针体内反向回收率分别为（65.57±1.11）%和（32.7±0.94）%。结论：建立的克班宁血液和关节微透析方法可用于克班宁大鼠血液和关节药动学研究。     

克班宁透皮贴剂对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的抗炎作用

目的:考察克班宁制备成透皮贴剂后对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的抗炎作用.方法:将60只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为6组,分别为正常组、模型组、甲氨蝶呤(MTX)组、克班宁贴剂低、中、高剂量组,每组10只.除正常组外,其余大鼠右后足趾皮下注射0.1mL弗氏完全佐剂(CFA)造模,给药组于腹部脱毛区域给予克班宁透皮贴剂,MTX组腹腔...     

卤代苄基异喹啉类化合物的合成

卤代苄基异喹啉类化合物的合成伍家泉，陈虹，王火，庞开圻，陈琪瑞（开平彼迪药业有限公司，开平５２９３３１）（天津武警医学院，天津３００１６２）苄基异喹啉类生物碱广泛存在于天然植物中，其中许多具有重要的生理活性，尤其在心血管方面的作用引人注目。曾证明唐松...     

新型热敏脂质体的研究进展

综述了近几年出现的新型热敏脂质体：长循环热敏脂质体，磁性热敏脂质体，免疫热敏脂质体和多聚物热敏脂质体     

新型脂质体的研究进展

作为药物传递系统的载体,几种新型脂质体如膜融合脂质体、柔性脂质体、表面修饰脂质体等的研究己取得显著进展.本文归纳和分析了近期有关脂质体稳定性、靶向性及修饰材料的文献.     

Antiarrhythmic action of sparteine on direct and indirect models of cardiac fibrillation

Summary Papillary muscles from guinea-pig hearts were studied in vitro during exposure to sparteine in concentrations from 10^–5 to 10^–3 M. Transmembrane voltage was recorded from both electrically driven muscle fibres and preparations with barium-induced fibrillation.Sparteine produced a large increase in the duration of the effective refractory period which could not be accounted for solely by prolongation of the action potential duration caused by this drug. The membrane responsiveness during the repolarization phase was decreased, and with higher concentrations of sparteine the recovery of excitability following an impulse took much longer than did complete repolarization of the action potential. Conduction velocity and maximum driving rate were reduced.In spontaneously firing fibers of fibrillating preparations sparteine slowed the rate of depolarization of the pacemeker potential. The maximum diastolic potential was not altered but the threshold potential was markedly decreased. The restoration of suprathreshold excitability after the action potential was much delayed. These drug effects caused most of the spontaneously firing fibers to become latent pacemakers and produced a pronounced reduction of the frequency of propagated electrical activity. The results suggest that the mode of antiarrhythmic action of sparteine is based on partial inhibition of the sodium carrying system at the surface membrane.This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Antiarrhythmic drugs and epilepsy

For a long time it has been suspected that epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmia may have common molecular background. Furthermore, seizures can affect function of the central autonomic control centers leading to short- and long-term alterations of cardiac rhythm. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) has most likely a cardiac mechanism. Common elements of pathogenesis create a basis for the assumption that antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) may affect seizure phenomena and interact with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).Numerous studies have demonstrated anticonvulsant effects of AADs. Among class I AADs (sodium channel blockers), phenytoin is an established antiepileptic drug. Propafenone exerted low anti-electroshock activity in rats. Lidocaine and mexiletine showed the anticonvulsant activity not only in animal models, but also in patients with partial seizures. Among beta-blockers (class II AADs), propranolol was anticonvulsant in models for generalized tonic-clonic and complex partial seizures, but not for myoclonic convulsions. Metoprolol and pindolol antagonized tonic-clonic seizures in DBA/2 mice. Timolol reversed the epileptiform activity of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in the brain. Furthermore, amiodarone, the representative of class III AADs, inhibited PTZ- and caffeine-induced convulsions in mice. In the group of class IV AADs, verapamil protected mice against PTZ-induced seizures and inhibited epileptogenesis in amygdala-kindled rats. Verapamil and diltiazem showed moderate anticonvulsant activity in genetically epilepsy prone rats. Additionally, numerous AADs potentiated the anticonvulsant action of AEDs in both experimental and clinical conditions. It should be mentioned, however, that many AADs showed proconvulsant effects in overdose. Moreover, intravenous esmolol and intra-arterial verapamil induced seizures even at therapeutic dose ranges.     

Nebulization of Liposomes. I. Effects of Lipid Composition

A series of multilamellar liposome dispersions was prepared from lipids of soy phosphatidylcholine or hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine containing from 0 to 30 mol% of either cholesterol, steary-lamine, or dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol. The liposome dispersions were aerosolized with a Collison nebulizer for 80 min at an output flow rate of 4.7 liters of air/min. The effects of nebulization on the vesicles were determined by monitoring the release of encapsulated 5,6-carboxyfluorescein (CF) from dispersions containing 200 µg of total CF, of which 93.1 ± 2.4% (N = 18) was initially encapsulated. In all experiments CF was released from the liposomes while being aerosolized, and this ranged from a mean of 12.7 ± 3.8 to 60.9 ± 1.9% of the encapsulated CF, depending upon the lipid composition. The lipid concentration in the dispersions did not affect the rate or percentage release of CF over a range of 0.5 to 50 mg per nebulized dispersion. If liposomes are to be used as drug carriers in an inhalation aerosol a lipid composition should be employed which will minimize the release of encapsulated drug caused by nebulization.     

四氢小檗碱季铵化合物的合成及其抗心律失常活性

以具有心血管活性的四氢小檗碱类生物碱为先导物，结合某些钾通道阻滞剂的结构特征，设计并合成了１４个未见文献报道的四氢小檗碱季铵化合物（Ｉ１－１４），其结构均经波谱分析及元素分析得到确证，初步的药理试验表明，大多数化合物对乌头碱静脉灌注所诱发的大鼠心律失常有不同程度的保护作用，其中化合物（Ｉ６）的活性最强，保护该模型室必早搏、室性心动过速和心脏猝死的ＥＤ５０分别为２．３２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，１．９５ｍｇ＝ｋｇ     

壳聚糖包覆脂质体递药系统的研究进展

脂质体在药物传递方面被广泛研究,但因结构稳定性差等因素使其应用受到了限制.壳聚糖是一种阳离子多糖,具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性以及生物黏附性,并且可经化学改性成为性能更佳的壳聚糖衍生物.近年来,壳聚糖及其衍生物包覆脂质体在载药方面的研究得到了越来越多学者的关注.壳聚糖或其衍生物修饰脂质体,可提高其稳定性、黏附渗透性...     

细读抗快速型心律失常药的临床应用与护理体会

临床抗快速心律失常药物类型、品种较多,机制较复杂,且在应用抗心律失常药物时,有时引起原有的心率失常加重或诱发了新的心律失常。正确掌握应用这些药物,观察每一类抗快速心律失常药物临床效果,做好医护沟通,改善医患关系,提高患者的治疗依从度,提高护理质量具有重要意义。     

3种不同溶媒介质脂质体的制备及其初步稳定性考察

摘 要 目的：制备3种不同溶媒介质脂质体,即普通脂质体、乙醇脂质体、丙二醇脂质体,筛选及优化制备工艺,并初步考察其稳定性。方法: 以薄膜分散法制备普通脂质体,注入法制备乙醇脂质体和丙二醇脂质体。在相同的处方组成下,考察水化时间、水浴温度、旋转速度等因素对普通脂质体粒径分布的影响,醇水比例、搅拌速度、过膜方式等因素对乙醇脂质体和丙二醇脂质体粒径分布的影响,在此基础上运用正交设计对制备工艺进行优化。以3种不同溶媒介质脂质体的外观形态及平均粒径的变化为指标,分别于第0,1,15,30天取样评价其稳定性。结果:正交试验结果表明,薄膜分散法制备普通脂质体的最佳工艺条件为：水化时间60 min,水浴温度50℃,旋转速度200 r·min-1。注入法制备乙醇脂质体和丙二醇脂质体的最佳工艺条件为：醇水比例1∶〖KG-*2〗2,搅拌速度1 000 r·min-1,先0.45 μm后0.22 μm微孔滤膜的过膜方式。最佳工艺条件制备得到的3种脂质体均为封闭的单层囊状或多层圆球体,普通脂质体平均粒径(1 016.2±135.6) nm,乙醇脂质体平均粒径(578.7±89.2) nm,丙二醇脂质体平均粒径(351.4±53.8)nm。3种脂质体在30 d的观察期内都不稳定,放置15 d后出现明显的分层现象。结论:优化的最佳工艺制得3种不同溶媒介质脂质体粒径均为微纳米级,但稳定性较差,宜临用前配制。