NF-κB抑制剂对脂多糖刺激的退变人椎间盘髓核细胞炎症因子表达的影响

目的 观察脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激退变人椎间盘髓核细胞前后,核因子kappB(NF-κB)与炎症因子表达及相互关系.方法 体外培养退变的人椎间盘髓核细胞,设立对照组、LPS (500 μg/mL)刺激组、NF-κB抑制剂(BAY11-7082)+LPS(500 μg/mL)刺激组.ELISA方法检测各组细胞培养液中炎症因子TNF-α及IL-1β的含量,免疫荧光法检测各组髓核细胞内p65的表达及定位,Western blot检测TNF-α、IL-1β、NF-κB结合蛋白p65以及磷酸化p-p65的表达,Real-time PCR检测TNF-α及IL-1β的表达.结果 LPS刺激髓核细胞后,p65入核增多,p-p65表达明显增加,ELISA实验结果表明LPS刺激组细胞培养液中炎症因子TNF-α及IL-1β表达水平升高(P＜0.05),Western blot及Real-time PCR检测结果也表明其髓核细胞内炎症因子TNF-α及IL-1β表达水平明显上升(P＜0.05);而与LPS刺激组相比,NF-κB抑制剂+LPS刺激组p65入核减少,p-p65表达明显降低,细胞培养液中炎症因子TNF-α及IL-1β表达水平降低(P＜0.05),Western blot及Real-time PCR检测结果也表明其髓核细胞内炎症因子TNF-α及IL-1β表达水平明显下降(P＜0.05).结论 LPS能够通过激活人退变髓核细胞NF-κB信号通路,促进炎性因子TNF-α及IL-1β表达增多,抑制NF-κB信号通路后可明显减轻炎性因子的表达.     

SRC-1蛋白缺失对严重烧伤小鼠肝脏NF-κB表达及核转位的影响

目的 研究类固醇受体辅活化子-1(SRC-1)基因敲除小鼠严重烧伤早期肝脏核因子-κB(NF-κB)表达及核转位的变化.方法 以SRC-1基因敲除小鼠为实验组,以野生型小鼠为对照组,以小鼠15%～20%TBSAⅢ度烧伤为实验模型,观察两组在严重烧伤前及烧伤后1、6、12h肝脏总蛋白NF-κB表达及伤后核转位的变化,同时提取致伤前、致伤后1、6h血清标本,观察炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的变化.结果 与野生型小鼠相比,SRC-1基因敲除小鼠严重烧伤后肝脏总蛋白NF-κB出水平有所增加,而野生型小鼠有所下降.从核转位的情况来看,SRC-1基因敲除小鼠致伤后NF-κB的入核能力明显强于野生型小鼠,6h差别最大.两组致伤后炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1βIL-6均升高,但SRC-1基因敲除小鼠升高更为显著.结论 SRC-1蛋白对严重烧伤具应激性保护作用,缺失SRC-1蛋白使NF-κB功能增强更显著,致炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6更大量产生,使整体伤情征象更重. -1β、IL-6的变化.结果 与野生型小鼠相比,SRC-1基因敲除小鼠严重烧伤后肝脏总蛋白NF-κB出水平有所增加,而野生型 鼠有所下降.从核转位的情况来看,SRC-1基因敲除小鼠致伤后NF-κB的入核能力明显强于野生型小鼠,6h差别最大.两组致伤后炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1βIL-6均升高,但SRC-1基因敲除小鼠升高更为显著.结论 SRC-1蛋白对严重烧伤具应激性保护作用,缺失SRC-1蛋白使NF-κB功能增强更显著,致炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6更大量产生,使整体伤情征象更重. -1β、IL-6的变化.结果 与野生型小鼠相比,SRC-1基因敲除小鼠严重烧伤后肝脏总蛋白NF-κB     

IL-33敲除对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞极化的影响

目的研究白细胞介素33敲除（IL-33-/-）小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（pMφ）表面分子表达及炎性因子分泌水平的变化,探讨IL-33-/-对pMφ 极化的影响。方法收集C57BL/6 IL-33-/-小鼠和野生型（WT）小鼠的pMφ,体外培养48 h后,分为IL-33-/-组和WT组,比较2组小鼠pMφ 炎性介质、细胞因子及表面分子表达水平的变化。结果IL-33-/-小鼠pMφ M1型标志物NO,MHCⅡ类分子,TLR4及CD86的表达水平均高于WT小鼠（NO,CD86和MHCⅡ,P＜0.01;TLR4,P＜0.05）。结论IL-33-/-可促进小鼠pMφ向M1型极化。     

条件性敲除CD4+T细胞的多巴胺D2受体对帕金森病模型小鼠的影响*

目的：研究CD4+T细胞上的多巴胺D2受体(dopamine receptor D2, DRD2)对帕金森病(Parkinson′s disease, PD)模型小鼠的影响。方法：条件性敲除CD4+T细胞DRD2基因的雄性小鼠(CD4-Cre Drd2fl/fl)、C57BL/6小鼠通过腹腔注射1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, MPTP)制备PD模型,注射7 d后,用旷场实验法来测量小鼠运动的平均速度,再无菌取小鼠脾脏,制备单个核细胞悬液,用Trizol法提取细胞总RNA,然后用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法检测小鼠脾脏单个核细胞中的促炎因子白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-17、干扰素γ(interferon γ, IFN-γ)和抗炎因子IL-4、转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β1)的表达。用流式细胞术来检测脾脏中CD4+T细胞占单个核细胞的百分比。结果：CD4-Cre Drd2fl/flPD模型小鼠旷场运动速度较野生型PD模型小鼠减慢,脾脏中CD4+T细胞占单个核细胞的百分比较野生型PD模型小鼠降低,脾脏单个核细胞中IL-17、IFN-γ的mRNA表达均高于野生PD模型小鼠,IL-4、TGF-β1的mRNA表达没有明显变化。结论：条件性敲除CD4+T细胞DRD2基因加重了PD模型小鼠的病变及外周炎症的变化。     

呼吸道合胞病毒通过调控miR-409-3p/SIRT1通路促进支气管上皮细胞凋亡与炎症因子表达

目的 呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)对人支气管上皮细胞(human bronchial epithelial cells,HBECs)凋亡和炎性因子表达的影响及可能机制.方法 体外培养HBECs,分别转染miR-409-3p抑制剂、SIRT1过表达载体或共转染miR-409-3p抑制剂与SIRT1小干扰RNA后,采用RSV感染进行转染,然后RT-qPCR法检测细胞中miR-409-3p和SIRT1 mRNA表达水平,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Western Blot检测细胞中Ki-67、p21、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达,试剂盒法检测细胞培养上清液中IL-6和TNF-α表达水平.双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证SIRT1和miR-409-3p调控关系.结果 RSV感染促进HBECs细胞中miR-409-3p的表达(P＜0.05),而抑制SIRT1表达(P＜0.05),降低HBECs细胞增殖活性及细胞中Ki-67和Bcl2的蛋白表达(P＜0.05),促进HBECs凋亡及细胞中p21和Bax的蛋白及IL-6和TNF-α表达(P＜0.05).沉默miR-409-3p或过表达SIRT1可提高RSV感染的HBECs增殖活性及细胞中Ki-67和Bcl2的蛋白表达(P＜0.05),而抑制细胞凋亡率、p21和Bax的蛋白及IL-6和TNF-α表达(P＜0.05).miR-409-3p靶向负调控SIRT1表达.沉默SIRT1逆转了沉默miR-409-3p对RSV感染的HBECs增殖、凋亡及炎性因子IL-6和TNF-α表达的影响(P＜0.05).结论 呼吸道合胞病毒通过调控miR-409-3p/SIRT1通路促进支气管上皮细胞凋亡与炎症因子表达.     

DNAM-1通过IL-2/STAT-5通路调节Ⅰ型调节性T细胞的增殖和功能

目的 探讨DNAM-1对Ⅰ型调节性T细胞(Tr1细胞)活化、增殖和功能的影响及相关分子机制。方法 利用anti-CD3/CD28激活小鼠T细胞,采用流式细胞术分别检测静息和激活状态下CD4⁺T细胞和Tr1细胞DNAM-1分子表达变化;分离DNAM-1基因敲除小鼠(KO小鼠)脾脏初始CD4⁺T细胞并体外诱导Tr1细胞,流式细胞术检测CD25和CD69活化分子表达水平,CFSE标记后检测增殖能力,IL-2刺激前后检测KO小鼠Tr1细胞分泌IL-10和转录激活蛋白(p-STAT5)水平变化。结果 流式细胞术结果显示：与静息状态下相比较,激活状态的CD4⁺T细胞和Tr1细胞表达DNAM-1分子均增高(P<0.05);敲除DNAM-1不影响小鼠脾脏Tr1细胞的数量和比例,但KO小鼠Tr1细胞表达细胞激活分子CD25和CD69均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与WT小鼠比较,KO小鼠诱导型Tr1细胞体外增殖能力降低(P<0.05);与WT组Tr1细胞比较,KO小鼠Tr1细胞分泌抑制性细胞因子IL-10水平降...     

头帕肿瘤综合征蛋白在血管新生内膜形成及血管重构中的作用

目的 探讨去泛素化酶头帕肿瘤综合征蛋白(CYLD)在血管新生内膜增生和血管平滑肌细胞表型(增殖、凋亡、炎症和分化)转化中的作用。 方法 利用 Cyld 基因敲除(Cyld^-/-)小鼠,建立血管损伤(颈总动脉结扎)模型,通过病理染色及免疫组化检测血管新生内膜的形成(H&E、Van Gieson)、细胞增殖(Ki67)、凋亡(TUNEL)以及分化簇3(CD3)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)的表达;通过qRT-PCR法检测颈动脉组织中炎性细胞因子如肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素1β(IL-1β)、白介素6(IL-6)和抗炎细胞因子白介素10(IL-10)的表达。提取Cyld^-/-小鼠的主动脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs),利用免疫荧光验证CYLD的表达,并通过生长曲线和［³H］胸腺嘧啶摄取实验观察VSMCs的生长速度,通过单核细胞黏附实验观察TNFɑ作用下VSMCs对单核细胞(THP1)的黏附作用,采用Western blotting法检测VSMCs中表型相关蛋白α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和平滑肌22α(SM22α)的表达。 结果 颈总动脉结扎4周后,Cyld^-/-小鼠的血管新生内膜增生及细胞增殖程度明显高于野生型(WT)小鼠(P<0.01);而新生内膜中细胞凋亡无明显差别。Cyld^-/-小鼠血管新生内膜中CD3、MCP-1表达及促炎因子TNFɑ、IL-1β和IL-6表达高于WT小鼠,尤其是IL-6水平显著增加(P<0.01),而抗炎因子IL-10的表达Cyld^-/-小鼠明显低于WT小鼠(P<0.01)。CYLD在Cyld^-/-小鼠的VSMCs传代过程中持续低表达。Cyld^-/-小鼠VSMCs的细胞增殖速度明显高于WT小鼠(P<0.05);在TNFɑ作用下,Cyld^-/-小鼠VSMCs对THP-1的黏附作用明显高于WT小鼠(P<0.05);Cyld^-/-小鼠VSMCs中表型相关蛋白α-SMA和SM22α的表达明显低于WT小鼠。 结论 在血管损伤过程中,去泛素化酶CYLD通过影响血管平滑肌细胞表型(增殖、凋亡、炎症和分化)转化,参与血管新生内膜的形成,从而在血管修复及重构中发挥关键作用。     

TLR4/NF-κB信号通路激活LncRNA RP11-20G6调控慢性阻塞性肺疾病气道炎症和重塑

目的 探讨LncRNA RP11-20G6.3和Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路在调控慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)气道炎症和重塑中的作用。方法 采用野生型(WT)和TLR4基因敲除(KO)C57BL/6雄性小鼠为研究对象,构建COPD模型。采用HE染色和Masson三色染色进行组织学评价;免疫印迹分析TLR4/NF-κB信号通路蛋白表达;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平。通过RNA测序与功能富集分析确定差异表达的LncRNAs,利用RNAhybrid对内源竞争RNA(ceRNA)网络进行预测。结合荧光素酶报告探讨基因之间的关系。结果 在COPD模型中,与WT小鼠相比,TLR4-/-小鼠肺组织炎症减弱,肺组织NF-κB相关蛋白表达、BALF中炎症因子[白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)]水平以及Masson三色染色面积降低。RNA测序与功能富集分析确定RP11-20G6.3是差异表达lncRNAs之一,RP11-20G6.3在COPD患者...     

脂多糖诱导的急性炎症小鼠模型血清促炎因子与抑炎因子表达研究

目的:探讨脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性炎症小鼠模型血清促炎因子、炎性因子表达情况。方法:将120只健康雄性ICR小鼠随机分为空白组、A组、B组和C组，各30只。分别给予A组、B组和C组小鼠经腹腔注射2、4 mg/kg和6 mg/kg LPS 0.9%氯化钠溶液，给予空白组小鼠等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液。建模成功后断头处死小鼠采集血液样本后检测血清中促炎因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、IL-18]、抑炎因子(IL-4、IL-10、IL-13),取肾脏和肺脏采用TUNEL染色法检测细胞凋亡情况，采用Western blot技术检测肾脏和肺脏组织中核因子-κB(NF-κB)、磷酸化NF-κB(pNF-κB)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)相对表达水平。结果:A组、B组和C组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18、IL-4、IL-10、IL-13水平以及肺和肾脏组织细胞凋亡比例均显著高于空白组(均P<0.05)。随着LPS注射浓度增加，小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18、IL-4、IL-10、IL-13水平以及肺和...     

血浆外泌体介导脓毒症ARDS炎性因子的机制研究

目的：初步探讨血浆来源的外泌体对脓毒症急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)炎性因子分泌的影响。方法：采用盲肠结扎穿刺（CLP）方式对小鼠造模,将36只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为3组：对照组（n=12）,CLP组（n=12）和CLP+外泌体抑制剂GW4869组[n=12;在术前1 h给予外泌体抑制剂GW4869(2.5μg/g)]。造模24 h后,取小鼠的肺组织进行HE染色观察急性肺损伤的程度;ELISA检测小鼠血清炎性因子IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α的表达。qRT-PCR检测小鼠肺组织炎性因子IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α的mRNA水平。将健康人和脓毒症ARDS患者血浆来源的外泌体与THP-1细胞共培养48 h后,ELISA和qRT-PCR检测炎性因子IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α的表达变化。结果：在小鼠肺组织中,与对照组相比,CLP组炎性因子IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α的表达水平（P<0.05）显著升高。然而CLP术前注射外泌体抑制剂GW4869后,会明显抑制IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α的表达（P<0.05）。在细胞水平,与对照组和加入健康人血浆外泌体组（H-...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.