肠道病毒71型感染手足口病合并脊髓炎的MRI表现

目的 探讨肠道病毒71型感染手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)合并脊髓炎的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析有阳性影像学表现的小儿HFMD合并脊髓炎患者的MRI特征性表现.结果 MRI表现为矢状面脊髓内长条形等或长T1、长T2信号,横断面显示相应节段脊髓前角圆点状长T2信号.下胸段至腰骶段脊髓受累8例,颈段脊髓5例,受累范围3个椎体及以上9例.单侧受累1例,双侧受累12例,其中对称性病变3例,不对称9例.5例颈段脊髓病变中有4例合并脑干脑炎,病变以脑桥、延髓交界部为主,呈长T1长T2信号.结论 MRI检查是诊断HFMD合并脊髓炎首选的影像检查方法,损害部位位于脊髓前角,以下胸段至腰骶段脊髓及颈段脊髓常见,影像学表现具有相对特异性.     

脊髓结核瘤的MR I表现分析并文献复习

目的：分析脊髓结核瘤的 MRI表现并文献复习。方法回顾性分析5例经临床和影像证实的脊髓结核瘤患者 MRI表现,所有患者MRI检查包括T1 WI、T2 WI平扫和T1 WI增强扫描,观察病变的部位、信号特点、强化方式和形态。结果1例病变位于颈段脊髓,为稍长T1、短T2信号,呈结节样强化;3例病变位于下胸段脊髓,横断位T2 WI表现为典型的“靶征”,增强后呈环状强化,矢状位其长轴与脊髓长轴一致,其中1例增强后发现合并1个平扫不能显示的粟粒强化结节;1例病变位于脊髓圆锥,为长 T1、短T2信号,增强后呈环状强化。结论脊髓结核瘤 MRI表现具有多样性,其特征性表现包括 T2 WI 低信号或“靶征”、环状强化、病变长轴与脊髓长轴一致。     

肠道病毒71型感染手足口病合并急性弛缓性麻痹的临床及MRI分析

目的：探讨肠道病毒71型感染手足口病（HFMD）合并急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）的临床及MRI表现。方法搜集2010年05月～2011年010月EV71感染 HFMD合并AFP的患儿13例,分析其临床表现及脊髓MRI特征。结果13例患儿中,表现为单侧下肢瘫痪6例,双下肢瘫痪2例,单侧上肢瘫痪2例,一侧肢体偏瘫1例,双侧上肢瘫痪1例,肢体交叉瘫痪1例,表现为左上肢及右下肢瘫痪。M RI表现为矢状面脊髓内长条形等或长 T1、长 T2信号,横断面显示相应节段脊髓前角圆点状长T2信号;下胸段至腰骶段脊髓前角受累8例,颈段脊髓5例,受累范围3个椎体及以上9例;单侧受累1例,双侧受累12例,其中对称性病变3例,不对称9例。5例颈段脊髓病变中有4例合并脑干脑炎,病变以脑桥、延髓交界部为主,呈长T1长T2信号。M RI表现与临床表现具一致性,脊髓前角病变引起所支配的上肢和（或）下肢肌群的急性弛缓性麻痹。结论 M RI检查是诊断 H FM D合并急性弛缓性麻痹的首选的影像检查方法,损害部位位于脊髓前角,以下胸段至腰骶段脊髓及颈段脊髓常见,影像学表现与临床表现具有一致性。     

脊髓亚急性联合变性的MRI诊断要点分析

目的分析脊髓亚急性联合变性(SCD)的MRI诊断要点。资料与方法回顾性分析15例临床确诊SCD的病人临床及MRI资料,分析其脊髓MRI表现特点,统计分析SCD病人受累脊髓节段数与血清VB12水平、发病时间的相关性。结果 15例SCD病人均于横断面影像上显示颈胸段脊髓对称性等或长T1、长T2信号,13例病变主要位于颈胸段水平脊髓后索,2例同时累及后索、侧索及前索。但于横断面T2WI上颈段与胸段脊髓异常信号形态各具特点。颈段脊髓受累时于横断面T2WI上呈脊髓内"倒V"形或"反兔耳"形的对称性高信号。胸段脊髓受累时于横断面T2WI上呈脊髓内"哑铃"形的对称性高信号。统计学分析显示15例SCD病人脊髓受累节段数与血清VB12水平呈负相关,而与病程长短无相关性。结论脊髓MR成像对于SCD脊髓疾病的诊断有重要价值。     

脊髓亚急性联合变性的MRI影像学特征

目的 评价MRI在脊髓亚急性联合变性(SCD)诊断中的重要价值. 资料与方法 收集经临床确诊的24例SCD患者的MRI资料,所有患者均于确诊前接受脊柱MRI检查,其中5例行增强检查,4例于治疗后复查.分析影像学特点. 结果 24例SCD中18例出现髓内异常信号,阳性率为75%.主要位于颈胸段脊髓后索(12例)或侧索并后索(5例),呈对称性等或稍长T1、长T2信号;1例同时累及后索、侧索、前索和部分灰质后角;脊髓无明显肿胀;增强后有(2/5)或无强化效应(3/5);治疗后4例病变范围均显示减小,甚至消失. 结论 SCD具有一定特征性的MRI影像表现,MRI在早期诊断及观察疗效上具有重要价值.     

重症手足口病的中枢神经系统MRI表现

目的 探讨重症手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)中枢神经系统病变的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析35例确诊为重症HFMD住院患儿临床及MRI影像资料,均行头颅MRI常规扫描,其中4例加做脊髓MRI扫描.结果 35例患儿MRI检查,25例为阴性表现,临床上无明显的神经系统定位体征;10例为阳性表现(男8例,女2例,平均年龄2岁4个月),其中5例病变累及脑干及节段脊髓,5例病变累及深部核团、两侧半卵圆中心及额、顶叶脑白质区.MRI影像表现,病变呈斑点、斑片状、条带状,等或稍长T1稍长T2信号,FLAIR呈高信号,1例FLAIR呈等信号,急性期病灶边界模糊,脑干、脊髓外形稍增粗.结论 MRI在重症HFMD的中枢神经系统病变诊断中具有重要的价值.     

脊髓梗死的磁共振诊断初探

目的:探讨脊髓梗死的MRI诊断,评价其诊断价值.方法:对临床怀疑脊髓梗死的7例病例进行MRI检查,包括常规矢状位T1WI、T2WI、SPIR和轴位T1WI、T2WI,其中6例病例有增强扫描,5例有扩散加权序列.结果:脊髓梗死诊断7例:颈段3例,胸腰段4例.MR信号强度与发病时间、病程进展有关:发病3天内脊髓略肿胀,T1WI略低信号,T2WI略高信号,扩散为高信号,无明显强化.3～14 d病灶呈T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号,可有不同程度强化,扩散为高信号.2周后扩散为混杂信号.缓解期,病变受损范围可减少1～2个节段.结论:MRI可显示脊髓梗死的病变范围及受累部位,与临床结合,可早期诊断.     

儿童无骨折脱位型脊髓损伤的MRI特征

【摘要】目的：回顾性分析儿童无骨折脱位型脊髓损伤（SCIWORA）的MR影像学表现及临床特点,提高对儿童SCIWORAMRI特征的认识。方法：对2004年4月－2011年10月我院诊断为SCIWORA的10例患儿的临床及脊柱MRI资料进行回顾性分析。结果：10例患儿均于外伤后(车祸碾压腰腹部1例,外力打击腰部2例,舞蹈练习下腰7例),立即至3天后出现下肢无力、疼痛等脊髓损伤症状,10min～3d（中位时间3.5h）后症状达高峰,出现下肢瘫痪,症状稳定不再进展。伤后2～10d行首次脊柱MRI检查,病变累及全脊髓的1例,累及下颈段、胸段、腰段1例,累及胸段者2例,累及胸、腰段的6例。MRI显示脊髓水肿4例,呈长T2长T1信号;脊髓水肿伴出血6例,出血呈短T1信号。11～18d复查者10例,病变范围减小1例,范围增大2例,范围无变化7例。复查时出血者3例。伤后32～42d复查者4例,均发现脊髓萎缩。本组合并非神经性软组织损伤1例,可见前纵韧带损伤。结论：全脊柱MRI检查是用于诊断儿童SCIWORA的最佳影像学检查方法,不仅可进行脊髓损伤的神经影像学评估,还可显示脊柱X线及CT无法直接显示的脊柱韧带、椎间盘、终板及骨髓等非神经性软组织损伤情况,有利于临床治疗方案的制定及预后评估。     

自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿的MRI诊断

目的 探讨自发性脊柱硬膜外血肿MRI表现特征.方法 对9例自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿的MRI表现作回顾性分析,本组患者均无明显的外伤史,发病后4～24h行MRI检查5例,1～3天行MRI检查3例,5天行MRI检查1例.常规横轴面、矢状面T2WI、TIWI及T2 WI脂肪抑制技术.结果 血肿发生于颈段4例,胸段2例,颈胸交界部2例,腰段1例.9例均表现为脊髓硬膜外梭形,长度7～12cm.血肿位于脊髓正后方4例,脊髓右后方3例,脊髓左后方1例,脊髓正前方1例,脊髓不同程度受压移位,脊髓与血肿间见线条状低信号影.4～24h行MRI检查5例,于T2 WI上呈稍高信号3例,高信号1例,等信号1例;于T11WI上呈等信号3例,等低信号2例.1～3天行MRI检查3例,于T2WI上呈低信号1例,等信号1例,等低信号1例;于T1WI上呈等信号2例,等低信号1例.5天行MRI检查1例,于T2 WI上呈低信号;T1WI上呈稍高信号.9例中T2WI压脂上呈低信号3例,等信号4例,高信号2例.结论 MRI是诊断自发性脊髓硬膜外血肿的最佳检查方法,不仅可以清楚地显示血肿的部位及范围,而且可以清楚地显示血肿新旧程度.     

颈胸段脊柱损伤的临床特点及其前路手术疗效探讨

目的：探讨颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤的临床特点及颈胸段前路减压,植骨,Orion钢板内固定术的治疗作用。方法：24例颈胸段脊柱损伤患者,损伤部位为C6-T1;损伤类型为椎体爆裂性骨折16例,椎体压缩性骨折6例,单纯骨折脱位2例。分析上述患者的临床表现,并分别行颈胸段前路C7,C6,7,T1或C7－T1椎体次全切除,植骨及Orion锁定型颈椎前路钢板固定术。结果：颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤患者通常表现为C8,T1或T2相应节段脊髓神经根症状,其中8例伴有窦性心动过缓,7例出现低血压,6例出现Horner征等交感神经节刺激症状,所有患者随访3－18个月,植骨均在3－4个月内完全融合,其中17例术后脊髓神经功能有不同程度改善,21例伴有交感神经节刺激症状者有所缓解,1例术后出现暂时性声音嘶哑。结论：颈胸段前路减压,植骨,Orion钢板内固定术对颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤具有较好的疗效。Orion钢板有助于植骨节段融合,重建和稳定颈胸段脊柱。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.