64排螺旋CT冠脉成像在冠心病诊断中临床价值

冠心病的检查方法有侵入性和非侵入性两种。选择性冠状动脉造影（CAG）为常用检查方法，是诊断冠心病的金指标，为有创检查，并有一定的并发症。多排螺旋CT冠脉成像（MSCT），为无创伤性检查，通过造影增强及三维重建可以显示冠脉管腔的大小，直接评价冠脉有无明显的狭窄。本文对36例临床疑诊冠心病患者159支血管同时进行了MSCT和CAG检查，旨在探讨MSCT对冠心病诊断的临床应用价值。     

冠状动脉微血管功能障碍临床诊断策略新进展

临床实践中无阻塞性冠状动脉(冠脉)病变的心绞痛患者并不少见,然而冠脉造影未发现固定阻塞性病变并不能代表整个冠脉树功能正常。冠脉血管功能性病变尤其是冠脉微血管功能障碍(CMD)在此类病例中占有很大比例。冠脉造影中通过侵入性手段检测冠脉微循环功能是目前CMD诊断的金标准。非侵入性检查手段如正电子发射型计算机断层显像(PET)、心脏核磁共振(CMR)等有希望逐渐成为替代检测手段。由于越来越多的研究证实CMD患者(尤其是女性患者)发生心血管事件风险显著增加,因此明确CMD诊断具有重要意义。此文对近年来CMD临床检测手段新进展进行综述,并据此提出临床诊断策略。     

心脏磁共振灌注成像在冠状动脉血管病变中的应用进展

心肌微循环功能不全被认为是冠心病以及不同类型心血管疾病发病的病理生理基础。侵入性冠状动脉(冠脉)造影被认为是诊断冠心病的"金标准",但该项检查并不能很好地对冠脉病变严重性进行功能评估。非侵入性心肌灌注成像技术能够评估冠脉微血管的功能,帮助提高疾病诊断的准确性及协助指导临床治疗决策,其中心脏磁共振(cardiac magnetic resonance,CMR)灌注成像是一种可靠且稳定的检查方式,能够为局部心肌灌注提供准确的定量评估。由于具有多参数、多方位成像,空间分辨率高,非侵入性,无电离辐射等优点,CMR已经用于临床相关冠心病的诊断及鉴别诊断。本文综述CMR灌注成像在冠脉血管病变中的应用进展。     

冠状动脉微循环障碍研究现状

正侵入性冠状动脉造影被认为是诊断阻塞性心外膜冠状动脉疾病(coronary arterty disese,CAD)的参考标准。尽管CAD和心肌缺血之间存在良好的关系,但是存在心肌缺血症状和体征的患者中有相当一部分患者的冠脉造影没有明显的血流限制性病变(即造影阴性)。Patel等~([1])已经证明,侵入性冠状动脉造影检查阳性率惊人的低,将近40%可疑CAD的患者冠脉造影结果正常或接近正常。在部分症状     

定量冠状动脉造影分析

定量冠状动脉造影分析重庆医科大学附一院心内科王春晖综述李永安审校自３０多年前Ｓｏｎｅｓ首次成功实施选择性冠状动脉造影以来，这一技术取得了长足的进步，推动了冠心病研究的发展。冠脉造影结果的定量分析是诊断冠心病及侵入性冠脉治疗的可靠依据，其结果的精确性和...     

血管内超声在冠心病介入治疗的临床应用

<正> 选择性冠状动脉造影(冠脉造影)是冠心病诊断和指导冠脉成形术(PTCA)的金标准.但它存在着某些局限性:①动脉粥样硬化是血管壁的病变,而冠脉造影只能显示血管腔,通过血管腔丢失的程度来判断冠脉病变的程度;②冠脉是复杂的三维结构,有许多分支和弯曲,通过多个不同断面的造影,仅显示出血管长轴断面影像;③粥样硬化是一个复杂的弥漫病变过程,冠脉造影是根据病变段的冠脉和正常段的冠脉的比较来证实冠脉疾病.相反,血管内超声(IVUS)提供了一种可穿透冠脉壁的成像技术,清楚地显示和分辨正常的冠脉壁、粥样斑块的主要部分、介入治疗前后冠脉内径以及一系列动脉粥样硬化病变所造成的狭窄.IVUS是临床上从未应用过的新技术,对深入理解PTCA重建血管的机理,决定手术方式,评价手术即刻和远期效果具有重要临床价值.     

冠状动脉微循环障碍研究现状北大核心CSCD

侵入性冠状动脉造影被认为是诊断阻塞性心外膜冠状动脉疾病（coronaryartertydisese,CAD）的参考标准。尽管CAD和心肌缺血之间存在良好的关系,但是存在心肌缺血症状和体征的患者中有相当一部分患者的冠脉造影没有明显的血流限制性病变（即造影阴性）。Patel等已经证明,侵人性冠状动脉造影检查阳性率惊人的低,将近40％可疑CAD的患者冠脉造影结果正常或接近正常。     

血管内超声诊断冠脉造影阴性不稳定斑块5例分析

目的探讨血管内超声对冠脉造影阴性冠心病患者不稳定斑块的诊断价值。方法对5例临床诊断冠心病而冠脉造影阴性的病人行血管内超声检查,结合造影结果综合分析。结果5例临床诊断冠心病而冠脉造影阴性病人经血管内超声检查共诊断7处不稳定斑块。结论血管内超声检查可以准确诊断冠脉造影阴性冠心患者的不稳定斑块。     

冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影易损斑块形态特点及其影像学研究进展

急性心肌梗死和心源性猝死是大多数患者冠状动脉疾病的首发表现,识别发生急性冠脉综合征的高风险患者是当代心血管成像的主要挑战。早期识别和准确评价易损斑块,可有效地预防和降低不良事件的发生。由计算机断层扫描血管造影开发的易损斑块特点包括:斑块体积大、低衰减斑块、正性重构、点状钙化及餐巾环征。现介绍易损斑块详细形态特点及其临床价值,同时描述非侵入性检查成像技术——计算机断层扫描血管造影对易损斑块检测的最新进展及优缺点。     

冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影双低扫描对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断性能

目的观察分析冠状动脉(冠脉)计算机断层扫描血管造影(CTA)双低扫描对冠脉狭窄的诊断性能。方法选取2017年7月至2018年7月于宝鸡市妇幼保健院经心电图诊断疑似冠脉狭窄的患者94例,分别进行计算机断层扫描血管造影双低扫描检查和数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,将接受计算机断层扫描血管造影检查的患者纳入观察组(n=114),数字减影血管造影检查的为对照组(n=108)。记录两组患者的诊断结果,分析两组检查方法的灵敏度、特异度、准确度,以及对冠脉狭窄程度的检测结果。结果计算机断层扫描血管造影双低扫描检查的灵敏度为96.67%,特异度为80.00%,准确度95.74%。在对狭窄程度诊断结果的比较中,计算机断层扫描血管造影双低扫描与DSA的诊断结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论冠脉计算机断层扫描血管造影双低扫描能够清晰显示冠脉狭窄的部位、程度,准确性较好,且对患者辐射量小,可以应用于对冠脉狭窄的诊断。     

心血管疾病戒烟干预中国专家共识

吸烟是心血管疾病的独立危险因素,并且也是患者唯一能够自我控制的致病因素。许多心血管医生已经认识到吸烟的危害和戒烟干预的重要性,但尚缺乏相应的戒烟知识和戒烟技巧。本共识通过全面总结吸烟的危害和戒烟的益处,     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层的腔内隔绝治疗体会

随着影像学的发展,主动脉夹层的病例越来越多,应用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术已成为治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的首选方法。我院于2006年1月至2009年10月应用腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层26例,效果良好,现报道如下。     

Ministernotomy for minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting

Background Through a ministernotomy ＂J shaped approach, left internal mammary artery （LIMA） bypass grafting to the left anterior descending artery （LAD） can be performed safely off-pump. To achieve a complete revascularization, percutaneous coronary interventions （PCI） with drug eluting stent implantation to other coronary arteries was used. We reported outcomes of the treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease with minimally invasive coronary artery bypass （MICAB） and PCI. Methods Between January 2009 and Dec 2012, 14 patients （11 males, 3 females, mean age was 64.8 _ 10.1 years. Two-vessel disease account for 35.7% （5/14） of these patients, three-vessel disease 64.2% （9/14） （Table 1）. All patients underwent a minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting via mini-sternotomy ＂J＂ shaped approach. Seven patients were followed by PCI, 7 for obtuse marginal circumflex, 5 for right coronary artery （RCA）. Angiographic assessment of graft patency was performed in all patients during the PCI procedure. The clinical follow-up period lasts from 11-24 months. Results The in-hospital mortality was 0%. There was neither conversion to a full median sternotomy nor intraoperative complications. Ventilation time was 6.6 ＋_ 4.1 h. Blood loss ranged 341 ＋_ 78.8 mL. ICU stay ranged 22.3 _ 12.8 h. Hospital postoperative stay lasted for 6.5 ＋ 1.6 days. Prior to PCI patients showed 100% patent left internal mammary artery. One patient had mediastinitis （Tables 2-3）. Rate of freedom from cardiac reintervention during the follow-up period was 92.8% （13/14）. Conclusions The inferior J-shaped sternotomy is simple, reproducible, and the safest technique for performing minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery. MICAB ＋ PCI is also safe, feasible and efficacious.     

心血管疾病合并无症状高尿酸血症诊治建议(第二版)

高尿酸血症（Hyperuricemia,HUA）常与传统的代谢性心血管危险因素伴发,长期以来被认为是代谢异常的一种标记。近30年来,多项大规模观察性研究,共有约40余万例以上的观察对象,采用多因素回归和COX风险回归分析,一致证实HUA是心血管疾病发病和预后的危险因素。目前尚没有大规模临床研究证实,降低血尿酸与心血管风险下降有关,但鉴于高尿酸与血管、心脏、肾脏不良预后密切相关,HUA的防治受到关注。     

Correlation of carotid artery atherosclerosis with C-reactive protein and adiponectin in patient with metabolic syndrome

Background Metabolic Syndrome(MS) is a group of conditions included hypertension,hyperlipidemia,central obesity,impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance,which may contribute to risk factors for atherosclerosis syndrome.Insulin resistance is the core mechanism? while the underlying mechanism is not clear.This article aims to study the correlation of carotid atherosclerosis with C-reactive protein and adiponectin in metabolic syndrome(MS) patients.Methods According to bilateral carotid artery atherosclerosis echocardiography,226 patients with metabolic syndrome were randomized to three groups,of which were non-carotid atherosclerosis plaque group(MS-1 group,n = 94),carotid artery atherosclerosis plaque group(MS-2 group,n = 132),and normal control group(n = 36).Determination of serum insulin,high sensitivity C-reactive protein,adiponectin and bilateral carotid artery atherosclerosis ultrasonography and other indicators,semi-quantitative estimates of the extent and severity of plaque.Results ①In two MS groups,carotid artery atherosclerosis,intima-media thickness(IMT),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) and high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) were significantly higher than the control group(P 0.01),while adiponectin was lower than the control group(P 0.01);When MS-2 group was compared to MS-1 group,there were significant differences(P 0.01).②IMT was positively correlated with HOMA-IR and hs-CRP(P 0.01) while negatively correlated with adiponectin(P 0.01).Conclusions C-reactive protein and adiponectin in MS patients were correlated with carotid atherosclerosis and insulin resistance,which may be used as the assessment of MS patients.     

Hybrid minimally invasive coronary artery revascularization

Background Hybrid coronary revascularization(HCR) is an alternative coronary revascularization strategy that combines a minimally invasive, survival advantage of the left internal mammary artery(LIMA)-left anterior descending(LAD) coronary artery bypass with less-invasive percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)to non-LAD coronary lesions by using drug-eluting stents. We report our experience of hybrid minimally invasive approach in 15 patients. Methods From December 2012 to October 2013, 15 patients underwent revascularization of the left anterior descending artery through minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting(MIDCAB). All patients by endoscopic assist beating heart coronary artery bypass grafting. Seven patients were scheduled for a hybrid procedure. Percutaneous coronary intervention of non- LAD was performed 3 to 5 days preoperatively. Demographic data, perioperative outcome, and annual follow-up were obtained from all the patients. Results In-hospital mortality was 6.67%. The rate of conversion to full median sternotomy was 13.3%. Ventilation time was 6.9 ± 5.1 h. Blood loss volume was 241 ± 67.8 mL. ICU stay was21.3 ± 10.8 h. Hospital postoperative stay lasted for 7.5 ± 1.3 days. Prior to PCI patients showed 100% patent LIMA(Tables 3 and 4). A mean follow-up was 8.5 months. One year graft patency rate was 100%(8 / 8patients for 254-slice tomography). Two patients required reintervention. Conclusions Minimally invasive hybrid coronary revascularization is a safe, feasible and efficacious approach with good results and should be performed in selected patients by surgeons with experience in minimally invasive bypass surgery plus collaboration with cardiologists. eluting stents.     

重度先天性心脏病新生儿期进行流量可调性的双侧肺动脉环缩术

Objective： Although the outcomes after operation for severe congenital heart diseases are improving, the morbidity rates continue to be higher than those of many other congenital heart diseases. We perform bilateral pulmonary artery banding （BPAB） in the neonatal period followed by percutaneous pulmonary artery balloon dilatation （PABD） for severe congenital heart diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of our management strategy for treatment of severe congenital heart diseases.     

冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块消退的研究进展

<正>随着我国人民生活水平的提高,居民的饮食和生活习惯发生了变化,再加上我国进入老龄化社会,导致冠心病的发病率逐年升高,严重威胁着人们生命健康。近年来,在动脉粥样硬化进展和消退方面国内外研究得到了更多的证据。对动脉粥样硬化过程中的病理生理有了更进一步的认识,并制定了许多可行的治疗策略。这些进展使我们可以考虑把斑块消退作为一个现实的治疗目标。因此,我们将围绕动脉粥样硬化斑块消退这一主题,讨论其现有的治疗证据、抑制因素等,为今后的临床和科研工作提供一些有价值的参考。     

新生儿、婴幼儿期TOF姑息性治疗:体肺动脉分流术与右室流出道支架安置术

自从20世纪50年代Lillehei、Kirklin等外科治疗法洛氏四联症（TOF）成功至今近60余载.随着科学信息和科学技术迅猛发展,TOF在诊断、外科、麻醉、体外循环技术及围手术期监护水平和装备得以显著的改善和提高,婴幼儿TOF手术死亡率已明显下降,而且远期生存率也有改善.来源于STS （2002-2007年）多中心的先心病资料提示,出生后3～12个月TOF手术早期死亡率为0.8％～1.2％（图1）;上海儿童医学中心近10年1岁以内TOF根治术早期死亡率2.2％;英国报道TOF手术后10年生存率98.5％～99.0％;雅典近期报道14年生存率为98.8％;多伦多临床资料示TOF手术后20年、40年生存率分别为94％和90％.     

结节性多动脉炎累及冠状动脉的临床特点与诊治

<正>结节性多动脉炎(polyarteritisnodosa,PAN)是一种系统性坏死性血管炎,主要累及中小动脉,任何系统脏器的动脉均可受累。对PAN的诊断,目前均采用1990年美国风湿病学会(ACR)的分类标准[1]:(1)体质量下降≥4 kg(无节食或其他原因所致);(2)网状青斑(四肢和躯干);(3)睾丸痛和(或)压痛(并非感染、外伤或其他原因引起);(4)肌痛、乏